A Survey of Attacks on Blockchain Technology

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 369 - 382, 30.10.2018

Oğuzhan Taş Farzad Kiani

https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.451695

Cited By: 9

Abstract

In recent times, popularity of blockchain based crypto
currencies (bitcoin and ethereum) have been increased.  Blockchain system has decentralized peer to
peer (P2P) network, all transactions are recorded in a public ledger that can
only be appended.  The miners constitute
the nodes of this network and every miner has local copy of ledger. In
blockchain, PoW consensus algorithm is used to verify transaction and give permission
to append new blocks to chain. To get reward, miners compete with each other to
complete transactions on the peer to peer network. The reward system popularized Bitcoin, which uses block-chain, but at the
same time attracted the atention of the attackers in the block chain. In this paper,
current attacks against the block-chain are presented. In the first part,
attack types to P2P architecture, consensus protocol and transaction are
investigated. In this part, 51%, Double Spending, Finney, Vector76, Brute Force,
Sybil, Eclipse and Balance attacks are explained and solutions are proposed. In
addition, pool mining attacks such as block withholding attack (BWH), Pool
hoping attack, Blacklisting via Punitive Forking, Feather Forking and bribery
attack are presented.  In the last part, the
future of cryptography used in blockchain infrastructure has been discussed and
effects of Post Quantum Cryptography have been mentioned

Keywords

blockchain, security, bitcoin, ethereum

Blok Zinciri Teknolojisine Yapılan Saldırılar Üzerine bir İnceleme

Abstract

Son zamanlarda;  blok zinciri tabanlı kripto para ödeme
sistemleri(bitcoin, ethereum) oldukça popüler olmuştur. Merkezi olmayan eşler
arası(P2P) ağ yapısına sahip olan bu sistemde tüm işlemler, sadece ekleme
yapılabilen bir ana defterde(ledger) tutulmaktadır. Madenciler ise bu ağ
yapısındaki düğümleri oluşturmaktadır, her madenci defterin yerel kopyasına
sahiptir. Blok zincirinde, PoW uzlaşma protokolü işlemi onaylamakta ve zincire yeni
blok eklenmesine izin vermektedir. Ödülü almak için, madenciler eşler arası
ağda işlemi tamamlamak için birbirleriyle yarışırlar.  Ödül sistemi, blok zinciri kullanan bitcoin’i
popülerleştirmiş,  fakat aynı zamanda
saldırganların blok zincirine ilgisini artırmıştır. Saldırganlar tarafından
blok zincirinin madenci havuzuna ve ağ yapısının güvenliğine farklı saldırılar
yapılmıştır. Bu makalede, blok zinciri alt yapısına karşı mevcut saldırılar
sunulmuştur. İlk bölümlerde, P2P mimarisine, uzlaşma protokolüne ve işlemlere
yönelik saldırı tipleri araştırılmıştır. Bu bölümde, %51 saldırısı, Çift
harcama, Finney, Vector76, Kaba Kuvvet, Sybil, Eclipse, Denge gibi saldırılar açıklanmış
ve çözümler önerilmiştir. Daha sonra, Bencil madencilik ve Blok Atma, Blok
Tutma(BWH),  Blok Tutma Sonrası
Çatallanma(FAW), Havuz sıçrama saldırısı, Cezalandırıcı Çatallanma ile Kara
Listeye Alma, Köpük saldırısı ve Rüşvet Saldırısı gibi madencilik havuzuna
karşı saldırılar incelenmiş ve savunma stratejileri sunulmuştur. Son bölümde de
blok zinciri altyapısında kullanılan kriptografi’nin geleceği üzerinde tartışılmış
ve Post Kuantum Kriptografi’nin  etkilerinden bahsedilmiştir

Keywords

blok zinciri, güvenlik, bitcoin, ethereum

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