Yeşil Kapasite Kısıtlı Araç Rotalama Problemi: Bir Literatür Taraması

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 345 - 366, 05.05.2017

Sedat Belbağ

Öz

Araç rotalama probleminin (ARP) amacı
merkezi bir depodan çeşitli konumlarda yer alan müşterilere benzer veya farklı
kapasitelere sahip araçlarla ürünleri dağıtmak için toplam seyahat uzaklık ve
sürelerini minimize etmektir. Diğer yandan, işletmeler yakıt tüketimin
azaltarak rakiplerine karşı maliyet avantajı elde etmek ve çevreye duyarlı
müşteriler açısından olumlu bir imaj oluşturmayı istemektedir. Araç rotalama
probleminin yeni bir çeşidi olan “yeşil araç rotalama problemi (YARP)” ise,
geleneksel yaklaşımdan farklı olarak yakıt tüketimi ve gaz emisyonu gibi
çevresel faktörleri dikkate alan bir rota tasarlamayı amaçlar. Yasal ve sosyal
çerçevede artan çevre duyarlılığı araç rotalama probleminde çevreyi etkileyen
faktörlerin ele alınmasını sağlamıştır. Böylece, sürdürülebilir dağıtım ağı
daha az enerji kullanılarak ve çevreye daha az zarar vererek oluşturulabilir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı son yıllarda akademik ve endüstriyel çevrelerde popülaritesi
giderek artan yeşil kapasite kısıtlı araç rotalama problemi (YKARP) için
kapsamlı bir literatür taraması sunmaktır. Literatür taramasının kapsamını,
2007-2016 yılları arasında yabancı dildeki dergilerde yayınlamış 57 adet makale
oluşturmaktadır. Bu literatür taramasının akademik çalışmalara sağlayacağı
başlıca faydalar (i) YKARP konusuna
odaklanan makaleler hakkında detaylı bir analizin sunulması, (ii) yakıt tüketimi ve gaz emisyonunu
etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi, (iii)
YKARP için çözüm yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi, (iv) ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için çeşitli önerilerin
sunulmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşil araç rotalama problemi, yakıt tüketimi, gaz emisyonu, kapasite kısıtlı araç rotalama problemi, literatür taraması

Kaynakça

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