REMOVAL OF LEAD AND COPPER POLLUTION CAUSED BY THE USE OF EXPLOSIVES AND FIREARMS

Abstract

Explosives are widely used for military purposes and civil engineering applications. Primary explosives are explosives that are used in detonators or primer mixtures to ignite less sensitive secondary explosives and can create a detonation wave with a small effect such as flame, impact, electric spark, friction, or heat. Lead azide (Pb(N3)2) is still among the most widely used primary explosives today, either in detonators or primer mixtures. High-cost silver azide (AgN3) and high-sensitivity copper azides (CuN3 and Cu(N3)2) are used in special applications. Metal pollution occurs in the air, soil, surface, and groundwater with the use of firearms and explosives. Moreover, explosives pose a threat to the health of humans and other living things by causing environmental pollution not only in use but also in the production, packaging, transportation, and storage stages. Therefore, removing lead and copper from water is very important for environmental sustainability and human health. In this study, the removal of lead and copper ions from aqueous media was investigated. Experiments were carried out by the adsorption method using activated carbon produced from lichen at different temperatures and initial concentrations. The removal percentage was calculated as 81.40% and 80.30% for lead and copper ions, respectively, at 25 oC and 20 ppm initial concentration. When the temperature was increased to 45 oC, the removal efficiency was 92.55 % for lead and 91.20 % for copper.

Keywords

• pollution
• lead
• copper
• adsorption
• Explosives

PATLAYICILAR İLE ATEŞLİ SİLAHLARIN KULLANIMINDAN KAYNAKLANAN KURŞUN VE BAKIR KİRLİLİĞİNİN GİDERİLMESİ

Abstract

Patlayıcı maddeler, askeri amaçlarla ve sivil mühendislik uygulamalarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Birincil patlayıcılar, daha az duyarlı ikincil patlayıcıları ateşleyebilmek için fünye ya da primer karışımlarında kullanılan ve alev, darbe, elektrik kıvılcımı, sürtünme ya da ısı gibi küçük bir etkiyle bir patlama dalgası oluşturabilen patlayıcılardır. Kurşun azid (Pb(N3)2), fünyelerde ya da primer karışımlarda halen günümüzün en yaygın kullanılan birincil patlayıcıları arasında yer alır. Yüksek maliyetli gümüş azid (AgN3) ve yüksek hassasiyetli bakır azidler (CuN3 ve Cu(N3)2) ise özel uygulamalarda kullanılmaktadır. Ateşli silahlar ve patlayıcıların kullanımıyla hava, toprak, yer üstü ve yer altı sularında metal kirliliği oluşur. Üstelik sadece kullanımla değil, üretim, paketleme, nakliye ve depolama aşamalarında da patlayıcılar çevre kirliliğine neden olarak insan ve diğer canlıların sağlığı için tehdit oluşturur. Bu nedenle kurşun ve bakırın sulardan uzaklaştırılması, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve insan sağlığı için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada kurşun ve bakır iyonlarının sulu ortamdan uzaklaştırılması araştırılmıştır. Farklı sıcaklık ve başlangıç konsantrasyonlarında likenden üretilen aktif karbon kullanılarak adsorpsiyon yöntemiyle deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Giderim yüzdesi 25 oC’de ve 20 ppm başlangıç konsantrasyonunda kurşun ve bakır iyonları için sırasıyla % 81,40 ve % 80,30 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sıcaklık 45 oC’ye yükseltildiğinde uzaklaştırma verimi kurşun için % 92,55 ve bakır için % 91,20 olmuştur.

Keywords

• Patlayıcı
• kirlilik
• kurşun
• bakır
• adsorpsiyon

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