GÜVENLİK SEKTÖRÜ REFORMU: NATO’NUN SAVUNMA VE İLGİLİ GÜVENLİK KAPASİTE İNŞASI GİRİŞİMİ

Abstract

Güvenlik Sektörü Reformu (GSR), Soğuk Savaş sonrası güvenlik ortamında, uluslararası aktörler tarafından destek verilen devletlerin savunma ve güvenlik kapasitesinin artırılması, bu kapasitenin demokratik kontrol altına alınması ve hem yerel hem de küresel ölçekte kalkınma ve insan merkezli güvenlik sağlayacak şekilde yapılandırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, NATO’nun Savunma ve İlgili Güvenlik Kapasite İnşası (SGKİ) Girişimi ve girişime katılan Gürcistan, Ürdün, Moldova, Irak, Tunus, Moritanya ve Bosna-Hersek’te yürüttüğü faaliyetlerinin GSR kapsamında değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yorumsamacı bir yaklaşımla literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılan çalışmada SGKİ girişiminin; kalkınma ve insan güvenliğinden ziyade savunma ve güvenlik kapasitesine odaklanarak bu alanda işbirliği yarattığı, politik destek ve kararlılık seviyesinin yüksek, yerel otoritelerle etkileşim seviyesinin düşük olduğu, talebe dayalı ve ülkeye özel tasarlanan SGKİ paketlerinin başarıyı artırdığı, henüz yeni ortaklar kazandırmaya muktedir olmadığı bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. SGKİ girişiminin GSR çerçevesinde daha kapsamlı bir programa dönüştürülmesinin, NATO’nun işbirliğine dayalı güvenlik temelinde yakın çevresinden itibaren kurmak istediği güvenlik sistemine daha güçlü bir katkı sağlayacağı ileri sürülmüştür.

Keywords

• NATO
• Güvenlik Sektörü Reformu
• Devlet Kapasite İnşası
• İşbirliğine Dayalı Güvenlik.

SECURITY SECTOR REFORM: NATO’S DEFENSE AND RELATED SECURITY CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVE

Abstract

The Security Sector Reform (SSR) refers to the post–Cold War framework aimed at enhancing the defense and security capacities of states supported by international actors, ensuring their democratic oversight, and restructuring them to promote development and human-centered security at both local and global levels. This study aims to evaluate NATO’s Defence and Related Security Capacity Building (DCB) Initiative and its activities in participating countries—Georgia, Jordan, Moldova, Iraq, Tunisia, Mauritania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina—within the framework of the SSR approach. Adopting an interpretivist perspective and employing a literature review method, the study finds that the DCB initiative focuses primarily on defense and security capacity rather than on development or human security, thereby fostering cooperation mainly in this domain. It further identifies that while the level of political support and commitment to the initiative is high, interaction with local authorities remains limited. Moreover, the study reveals that demand-driven and country-specific DCB packages tend to enhance effectiveness, yet the initiative has not yet demonstrated the capacity to attract new partners. The study concludes that transforming the DCB initiative into a more comprehensive program within the SSR framework could strengthen NATO’s contribution to establishing a cooperative security system, beginning with its immediate neighborhood.

Keywords

• NATO
• Security Sector Reform
• State Capacity Building
• Cooperative Security.

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