VEKİLLİKTEN ÇATIŞMAYA, ÇATIŞMADAN ORTAKLIĞA: PKK-SURİYE İLİŞKİLERİNİN DEĞİŞEN KARAKTERİSTİĞİ

Year 2019, , 107 - 132, 13.05.2019

Buğra Sarı

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.562981

Cited By: 3

Abstract

PKK-Suriye
ilişkileri 1980 yılında terör örgütü mensuplarının Suriye’de ağırlanmasıyla
başlamıştır. 1980’den Ekim 1998’e kadar PKK-Suriye ilişkileri Suriye rejiminin
izni ve denetimde sürmüştür. Bu dönemde terör örgütü rejimin Türkiye’ye karşı
yürüttüğü vekâlet savaşı dâhilinde faaliyet göstermiştir. Bu doğrultuda Suriye
sahası daha kuruluş yıllarından itibaren PKK’nın örgütsel yapılanma, eleman,
lojistik ve finans temini ve operasyonel kabiliyeti açısından kilit bir role
sahip olmuştur. Ekim 1998’de Türkiye’nin askerî müdahale tehdidinin ardından
Suriye rejimi ülkesinde PKK’nın faaliyetlerini yasaklamış ve terör örgütüne
karşı harekete geçmiştir. Takiben Suriye rejimi, ülkesinde PYD yapılanması adı
altında faaliyetlerine devam eden PKK mensuplarına karşı tutuklamalar
gerçekleştirmiştir. Bunun sonucunda terör örgütünün Suriye’deki liderleri Kuzey
Irak’a kaçarak Kandil bölgesine sığınmışlardır. Böylece PKK-Suriye
ilişkilerinde çatışma dönemi başlamıştır. Bu dönem 2011 Suriye iç savaşına
kadar devam etmiştir. 2011 iç savaşıyla birlikte ise PKK-Suriye ilişkilerinde
yeni bir aşamaya girilmiştir. Ülkede kontrolü kaybeden rejim PKK’yla bu kez
ortaklık ilişkisi kurarak ülkenin kuzey bölgelerini terör örgütüne bırakmıştır.
Böylece terör örgütü Suriye’de faaliyet gösteren kolu PYD marifetiyle önemli
hâkimiyet alanlarına sahip olmuştur. Böyle bir ortamda PKK Suriye’de 1998
öncesi gibi rejimin çizdiği sınırlar içerisinde ve direktifleriyle hareket eden
vekil aktör konumundan, rejimin ortağı konumuna gelmiştir. Buradan hareketle,
eldeki çalışma PKK-Suriye rejimi arasındaki ilişkiyi vekillikten çatışmaya,
çatışmadan ortaklığa bir süreç olarak tasvir ederek, ikili arasındaki
ilişkilerin değişen karakteristiğini irdelemektedir.

Keywords

Suriye, PKK, PYD, Vekâlet Savaşı, Suriye İç Savaşı

FROM PROXY TO CONFLICT, CONFLICT TO PARTNERSHİP: THE CHANGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PKK-SYRIA RELATİONS

Abstract

Hosting of PKK militants in 1980 by the Syrian
regime marked the beginning of the relationship between the terrorist
organization and Syria. The relationship between the two had continued from
1980 to October 1998 under the supervision of the Syrian regime, who used the PKK as a proxy against Turkey. In return, the Syrian
connection provided the PKK with a safe haven in which it was able to establish
its organizational structure, recruit militants and obtain financial and
logistical support. However, the PKK’s safe haven within Syrian borders came to
an end in October 1998 when Turkey militarily threatened the regime for its
support for the terrorist organization. As a result, ceasing its support for
the terrorist organization, the regime banned the PKK’s activities within
Syrian region and arrested its militants. Hence, the conflict era which had lasted until 2011 emerged
within the PKK-Syria relationship when the civil war broke out in
Syria. Due to the Syrian civil war in
2011, the PKK-Syria relationship has embarked on a new phase. Losing control on the country, the regime got engaged in partnership with
the terrorist organization and left vast areas in the northern part of Syria to
the PKK. The terrorist organization is currently controlling a considerable part
of Syrian territory and population. In such an environment, the PKK
repositioned itself as a partner of the Syrian regime rather than its proxy
which was under the command the regime officials as it was before 1998. In this
respect, with the aim of portraying it as a process from proxy to conflict and
conflict to partnership, this study aims to examine the changing
characteristics of the relationship between the PKK and the Syrian regime. 

Keywords

Syria, the PKK, the PYD, Proxy War, Syrian Civil War

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