VEKİLLİKTEN ÇATIŞMAYA, ÇATIŞMADAN ORTAKLIĞA: PKK-SURİYE İLİŞKİLERİNİN DEĞİŞEN KARAKTERİSTİĞİ

Abstract

PKK-Suriye ilişkileri 1980 yılında terör örgütü mensuplarının Suriye’de ağırlanmasıyla başlamıştır. 1980’den Ekim 1998’e kadar PKK-Suriye ilişkileri Suriye rejiminin izni ve denetimde sürmüştür. Bu dönemde terör örgütü rejimin Türkiye’ye karşı yürüttüğü vekâlet savaşı dâhilinde faaliyet göstermiştir. Bu doğrultuda Suriye sahası daha kuruluş yıllarından itibaren PKK’nın örgütsel yapılanma, eleman, lojistik ve finans temini ve operasyonel kabiliyeti açısından kilit bir role sahip olmuştur. Ekim 1998’de Türkiye’nin askerî müdahale tehdidinin ardından Suriye rejimi ülkesinde PKK’nın faaliyetlerini yasaklamış ve terör örgütüne karşı harekete geçmiştir. Takiben Suriye rejimi, ülkesinde PYD yapılanması adı altında faaliyetlerine devam eden PKK mensuplarına karşı tutuklamalar gerçekleştirmiştir. Bunun sonucunda terör örgütünün Suriye’deki liderleri Kuzey Irak’a kaçarak Kandil bölgesine sığınmışlardır. Böylece PKK-Suriye ilişkilerinde çatışma dönemi başlamıştır. Bu dönem 2011 Suriye iç savaşına kadar devam etmiştir. 2011 iç savaşıyla birlikte ise PKK-Suriye ilişkilerinde yeni bir aşamaya girilmiştir. Ülkede kontrolü kaybeden rejim PKK’yla bu kez ortaklık ilişkisi kurarak ülkenin kuzey bölgelerini terör örgütüne bırakmıştır. Böylece terör örgütü Suriye’de faaliyet gösteren kolu PYD marifetiyle önemli hâkimiyet alanlarına sahip olmuştur. Böyle bir ortamda PKK Suriye’de 1998 öncesi gibi rejimin çizdiği sınırlar içerisinde ve direktifleriyle hareket eden vekil aktör konumundan, rejimin ortağı konumuna gelmiştir. Buradan hareketle, eldeki çalışma PKK-Suriye rejimi arasındaki ilişkiyi vekillikten çatışmaya, çatışmadan ortaklığa bir süreç olarak tasvir ederek, ikili arasındaki ilişkilerin değişen karakteristiğini irdelemektedir.

Keywords

• Suriye,PKK,PYD,Vekâlet Savaşı,Suriye İç Savaşı

FROM PROXY TO CONFLICT, CONFLICT TO PARTNERSHİP: THE CHANGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PKK-SYRIA RELATİONS

Abstract

Hosting of PKK militants in 1980 by the Syrian regime marked the beginning of the relationship between the terrorist organization and Syria. The relationship between the two had continued from 1980 to October 1998 under the supervision of the Syrian regime, who used the PKK as a proxy against Turkey. In return, the Syrian connection provided the PKK with a safe haven in which it was able to establish its organizational structure, recruit militants and obtain financial and logistical support. However, the PKK’s safe haven within Syrian borders came to an end in October 1998 when Turkey militarily threatened the regime for its support for the terrorist organization. As a result, ceasing its support for the terrorist organization, the regime banned the PKK’s activities within Syrian region and arrested its militants. Hence, the conflict era which had lasted until 2011 emerged within the PKK-Syria relationship when the civil war broke out in Syria. Due to the Syrian civil war in 2011, the PKK-Syria relationship has embarked on a new phase. Losing control on the country, the regime got engaged in partnership with the terrorist organization and left vast areas in the northern part of Syria to the PKK. The terrorist organization is currently controlling a considerable part of Syrian territory and population. In such an environment, the PKK repositioned itself as a partner of the Syrian regime rather than its proxy which was under the command the regime officials as it was before 1998. In this respect, with the aim of portraying it as a process from proxy to conflict and conflict to partnership, this study aims to examine the changing characteristics of the relationship between the PKK and the Syrian regime. 

Keywords

• Syria,the PKK,the PYD,Proxy War,Syrian Civil War

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