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NATO’NUN DENİZ GÜVENLİĞİ ALGISI: SÜREKLİLİK VE DEĞİŞİM

Year 2021, , 59 - 78, 26.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.843006

Abstract

Özellikle son yıllarda uluslararası güvenlik çalışmaları literatüründe yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanan deniz güvenliği çerçeve bir kavram olarak, genellikle ulusal güvenlik, ekonomik kalkınma ve insan güvenliği ile ilgili olarak deniz alanlarında gerçekleşen sorunlarla mücadeleyi tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Kavramın deniz alanları vasıtasıyla devlet ya da devlet dışı aktörlerden kaynaklı tüm tehditlerle mücadeleyi içeren kapsayıcı niteliği, 2011’de kabul edilen İttifak Denizcilik Stratejisi Belgesi’nde deniz güvenliğinin sağlamasının NATO’nun dört temel hedefinden biri olmasına imkân sağlamıştır. Çalışmada NATO’nun deniz alanlarına yönelik politikalarında kavramsal ve operasyonel açıdan görülen değişim ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın iki temel tespiti vardır. Birincisi İttifak’ın deniz güvenliği anlayışının Soğuk Savaş sonrası gerçekleştirdiği operasyonlar ile pratikte uygulanmasının ardından İttifak’ın resmî belgelerine dâhil edildiği ve bu suretle bir kavramsal çerçeveye kavuşturulduğu tespitidir. İkinci tespit ise NATO’nun İttifak’ın deniz güvenliği kavramını enerji güvenliği ve insan güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik faaliyetlerle beraber hayata geçirdiği ve bu bağlamda İttifak’ın deniz güvenliği kavramını birçok konuyu kapsayan çerçeve bir kavram olarak kabul ettiği yönündedir. Çalışmada NATO’nun deniz güvenliği yaklaşımı değerlendirilerek, önümüzdeki süreçte deniz güvenliği konusunun NATO bağlamında ne yönde şekillenebileceği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

  • Allport, R. (2018). Fire and Ice: A New Maritime Strategy for NATO’s Northern Flank., London: Human Security Center.
  • Bağbaşlıoğlu, A. (2016). Güncelliğini Yitirmeyen Bir Sorun Olan Yük Paylaşımına Yeni Bir Çözüm Arayışı: Akıllı Savunma ve NATO, Gazi Akademik Bakış, 10(19), 209-227.
  • Bağbaşlıoğlu, A. (2017). İnsan Güvenliği ve NATO: NATO’nun Ege Misyonu Örneği, Tolga Sakman (Ed.) Devlet Doğasının Değişimi: Güvenliğin Sınırları, (511-525). İstanbul: TASAM Yayınları.
  • Birdişli, F. (2020). Uluslararası Güvenliğin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Postmodern Güvenlik Dönemi. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, Şubat UGK Özel Sayısı, 235-260.
  • Blount K. ve Bergeron J.H. (2019). NATO’s Maritime Domain, Whitehall Papers, 95:1, 91-103.
  • Booth, K. (1997). Security and Self: Reflections of a Fallen Realist. Krause K. ve Williams M. C. (Ed.), Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases, (83-120). London: UCL.
  • Buerger, C. (2015). What is Maritime Security. Marine Policy, 53, 159-164.
  • Buerger C. ve Edmunds T. (2017). Beyond Seablindness: A New Agenda for Maritime Security Studies”. International Affairs, 93(6), 1293-1311.
  • Cordesman, A. H. (2019). NATO’s Pointless Burden Sharing Debates: The Need to Replace a Mathematically Ridiculous 2% of GDP Goal with Real Force Planning, CSIS, 21.02.1019, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.csis.org/analysis/natos-pointless-burden-sharing-debates-need-replace-mathematically-ridiculous-2-gdp-goal.
  • Efjestad S. ve Tamnes R. (2019) NATO’s Enduring Relevance. Whitehall Papers, 95(1), 8-25.
  • Erlanger, S. (2019). Macron Says NATO Is Experiencing ‘Brain Death’ Because of Trump. New York Times, 07.11.2019, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/07/world/europe/macron-nato-brain-death.html
  • Gade J. G. ve Hilde P. S. (2016). NATO and the Maritime Domain. Bekkevold J. I. ve Till G. (Ed.) International Order at Sea: How it is Challenged, How it is Maintained, (115-141). London: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Germond, B. (2015). The Geopolitical Dimension of Maritime Security. Marine Policy, 54, 137-142.
  • Güvenç, S. ve Egeli S. (2016). Changing Naval Balances in the Eastern Mediterranean: Implications for Turkey. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(1), 93-105.
  • ICS (International Chamber of Shipping). (2020). Shipping and World Trade, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/shipping-and-world-trade.
  • Johnson, K. (2018). Why is China Buying up Europe’s Ports?, Foreign Policy, 2 February 2018, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/02/why-is-china-buying-up-europes-ports/.
  • Kasapoğlu, C. (2019). Why and How NATO Should Adapt to a New Mediterranean Security Environment. SWP Comment, 2019/C 15, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2019C15_kpu.pdf.
  • Klein, N. (2011). Maritime Security and The Law of The Sea. Oxford&New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Mack, J. (2011). The Sea: A Cultural History. London: Reaktion Books.
  • NATO (2010). Active Engagement Modern Defence: Strategic Concept, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_68580.htm.
  • NATO (2011). Alliance Maritime Strategy, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_75615.htm.
  • NATO (2016a), Counter-piracy Operations. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_48815.htm.
  • NATO (2016b), NATO’s Deployment in the Aegean Sea. Erişim tarihi: 20 Nisan 2020, http://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_05/20160519_1605-factsheet-aegean-sea.pdf.
  • NATO (2016c), Operation Active Endeavour. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_7932.htm.
  • NATO (2019a), Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2019). Erişim tarihi: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2019_11/20191129_pr-2019-123-en.pdf.
  • NATO (2019b). London Declaration. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_171584.htm.
  • NATO (2020), Operation Sea Guardian. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136233.htm.
  • NATO Public Diplomacy Division, (2010). NATO 2020: Assured Security; Dynamic Engagement-Analysis and Recommendations of the Group of Experts on a New Strategic Concept for NATO, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, http://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/expertsreport.pdf.
  • Olsen J.A. (2019). Introduction: An Alliance for the 21st Century, Whitehall Papers, 95(1), 3-7.
  • Nordenman, M. (2015). The Naval Alliance Preparing NATO for a Maritime Century. Washington: Atlantic Council.
  • Page, R. (2015). Defence Expenditure–NATO 2% Target, House of Commons Library Briefing Paper, 21.10.2015, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-7340#fullreport.
  • Soula, M. (2015). Preface: Maritime Security in NATO. Chapsos I. ve Kitchen C. (Ed.) Strengthening Maritime Security Through Cooperation, (v-xi). Amsterdam: IOS Press.

NATO’S MARITIME SECURITY PERCEPTION: CONTINUNITY AND CHANGE

Year 2021, , 59 - 78, 26.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.843006

Abstract

Maritime security, which has been widely used in the literature on international security studies particularly in recent years, is used as a framework concept generally to describe the combat against problems occurring in the maritime areas regarding national security, economic development and human security. The inclusive nature of the concept, which includes combating all threats originating from state or non-state actors through maritime domain, enabled that ensuring maritime security became one of the four main objectives of NATO in the Alliance Maritime Strategy Document adopted in 2011. In this study, the conceptual and operational changes seen in the policies of NATO regarding the maritime domain were discussed. The study has two key determinations. The first one is the determination of the fact that the maritime safety perception of the Alliance was included in the official documents of the Alliance and thereby gained a conceptual framework after practically implementing it in the operations it conducted following the Cold War. The second determination is the fact that NATO has implemented the maritime security concept of the Alliance along with the activities towards ensuring energy security and human security; and in this sense, the Alliance has adopted the maritime security concept as a framework concept that covers many issues. In the study, maritime security approach of NATO was evaluated and it was tried to reveal how the maritime security issue could be shaped in the context of NATO in the upcoming period.

References

  • Allport, R. (2018). Fire and Ice: A New Maritime Strategy for NATO’s Northern Flank., London: Human Security Center.
  • Bağbaşlıoğlu, A. (2016). Güncelliğini Yitirmeyen Bir Sorun Olan Yük Paylaşımına Yeni Bir Çözüm Arayışı: Akıllı Savunma ve NATO, Gazi Akademik Bakış, 10(19), 209-227.
  • Bağbaşlıoğlu, A. (2017). İnsan Güvenliği ve NATO: NATO’nun Ege Misyonu Örneği, Tolga Sakman (Ed.) Devlet Doğasının Değişimi: Güvenliğin Sınırları, (511-525). İstanbul: TASAM Yayınları.
  • Birdişli, F. (2020). Uluslararası Güvenliğin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Postmodern Güvenlik Dönemi. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, Şubat UGK Özel Sayısı, 235-260.
  • Blount K. ve Bergeron J.H. (2019). NATO’s Maritime Domain, Whitehall Papers, 95:1, 91-103.
  • Booth, K. (1997). Security and Self: Reflections of a Fallen Realist. Krause K. ve Williams M. C. (Ed.), Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases, (83-120). London: UCL.
  • Buerger, C. (2015). What is Maritime Security. Marine Policy, 53, 159-164.
  • Buerger C. ve Edmunds T. (2017). Beyond Seablindness: A New Agenda for Maritime Security Studies”. International Affairs, 93(6), 1293-1311.
  • Cordesman, A. H. (2019). NATO’s Pointless Burden Sharing Debates: The Need to Replace a Mathematically Ridiculous 2% of GDP Goal with Real Force Planning, CSIS, 21.02.1019, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.csis.org/analysis/natos-pointless-burden-sharing-debates-need-replace-mathematically-ridiculous-2-gdp-goal.
  • Efjestad S. ve Tamnes R. (2019) NATO’s Enduring Relevance. Whitehall Papers, 95(1), 8-25.
  • Erlanger, S. (2019). Macron Says NATO Is Experiencing ‘Brain Death’ Because of Trump. New York Times, 07.11.2019, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/07/world/europe/macron-nato-brain-death.html
  • Gade J. G. ve Hilde P. S. (2016). NATO and the Maritime Domain. Bekkevold J. I. ve Till G. (Ed.) International Order at Sea: How it is Challenged, How it is Maintained, (115-141). London: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Germond, B. (2015). The Geopolitical Dimension of Maritime Security. Marine Policy, 54, 137-142.
  • Güvenç, S. ve Egeli S. (2016). Changing Naval Balances in the Eastern Mediterranean: Implications for Turkey. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(1), 93-105.
  • ICS (International Chamber of Shipping). (2020). Shipping and World Trade, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/shipping-and-world-trade.
  • Johnson, K. (2018). Why is China Buying up Europe’s Ports?, Foreign Policy, 2 February 2018, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/02/why-is-china-buying-up-europes-ports/.
  • Kasapoğlu, C. (2019). Why and How NATO Should Adapt to a New Mediterranean Security Environment. SWP Comment, 2019/C 15, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2019C15_kpu.pdf.
  • Klein, N. (2011). Maritime Security and The Law of The Sea. Oxford&New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Mack, J. (2011). The Sea: A Cultural History. London: Reaktion Books.
  • NATO (2010). Active Engagement Modern Defence: Strategic Concept, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_68580.htm.
  • NATO (2011). Alliance Maritime Strategy, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_75615.htm.
  • NATO (2016a), Counter-piracy Operations. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_48815.htm.
  • NATO (2016b), NATO’s Deployment in the Aegean Sea. Erişim tarihi: 20 Nisan 2020, http://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_05/20160519_1605-factsheet-aegean-sea.pdf.
  • NATO (2016c), Operation Active Endeavour. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_7932.htm.
  • NATO (2019a), Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2019). Erişim tarihi: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2019_11/20191129_pr-2019-123-en.pdf.
  • NATO (2019b). London Declaration. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_171584.htm.
  • NATO (2020), Operation Sea Guardian. Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136233.htm.
  • NATO Public Diplomacy Division, (2010). NATO 2020: Assured Security; Dynamic Engagement-Analysis and Recommendations of the Group of Experts on a New Strategic Concept for NATO, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, http://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/expertsreport.pdf.
  • Olsen J.A. (2019). Introduction: An Alliance for the 21st Century, Whitehall Papers, 95(1), 3-7.
  • Nordenman, M. (2015). The Naval Alliance Preparing NATO for a Maritime Century. Washington: Atlantic Council.
  • Page, R. (2015). Defence Expenditure–NATO 2% Target, House of Commons Library Briefing Paper, 21.10.2015, Erişim tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020, https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-7340#fullreport.
  • Soula, M. (2015). Preface: Maritime Security in NATO. Chapsos I. ve Kitchen C. (Ed.) Strengthening Maritime Security Through Cooperation, (v-xi). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Arif Bağbaşlıoğlu This is me 0000-0002-8603-5014

Publication Date May 26, 2021
Submission Date April 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Bağbaşlıoğlu, A. (2021). NATO’NUN DENİZ GÜVENLİĞİ ALGISI: SÜREKLİLİK VE DEĞİŞİM. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 59-78. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.843006

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