SECURITY POLICIES IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC CULTURE: THE CASES OF SOUTH KOREA AND JAPAN

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 237 - 261, 13.11.2018

Kahraman Süvari

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.482062

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The aim
of this study is to examine the effect of strategic cultural elements on the
security policies of the states through the cases of South Korea and Japan. It
can be said that with the concept of strategic culture which first emerged in
the international relations (IR) literature in the Cold War period,  the effects of cultural elements on the
behavior of the states are examined. For strategic cultural theorists, the
beliefs, behaviour patterns or perceptions that arose from factors such as
experiences or geopolitical positions shape the security policies of the
states. South Korea and Japan as two important actors in the Asia-Pacific
region have effective military and economic elements that can affect strategic
calculations in the region.  In this
study, it is argued that there are similarities and differences in the
strategic cultural elements of South Korea and Japan and these factors affect
the security policies of two states in the region.

Keywords

Strategic Culture, South Korea, Japan, Security Policies

STRATEJİK KÜLTÜR BAĞLAMINDA GÜVENLİK POLİTİKALARI: GÜNEY KORE VE JAPONYA ÖRNEKLERİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Güney Kore ve Japonya örnekleri
üzerinden stratejik kültür unsurlarının devletlerin güvenlik politikalarına
etkisini incelemektir. Uluslararası ilişkiler literatürüne Soğuk Savaş
zamanında giren stratejik kültür kavramı ile genel olarak kültürel ögelerin
devletlerin davranışlarına etkilerinin incelendiği söylenebilir. Stratejik
kültür kuramcılarına göre, devletlerin geçmiş deneyimleri ya da jeopolitik
konumları gibi faktörlerden kaynaklanan inanışlar, davranış kalıpları ya da
algılar geliştirdikleri güvenlik politikalarını şekillendirir. Asya-Pasifik
bölgesinde yer alan Güney Kore ve Japonya, bölgedeki stratejik hesaplamaları
etkileyebilecek askerî ve ekonomik unsurları barındıran iki önemli aktördür. Bu
çalışmada, Güney Kore ve Japonya’nın stratejik kültür unsurları bakımından
benzerliklerinin ve farklılıkların olduğu, bu durumun da iki ülkenin güvenlik
politikalarını etkilediği ileri sürülmektedir.

Keywords

Stratejik Kültür, Güney Kore, Japonya, Güvenlik Politikaları

References

• Alagöz, E. A. (2010). Yumuşak güç Japonya’nın sert güç arayışları. Bilge Strateji 2(3), 1–28.
• Anindya, C. R. (2016). The Evolving security policy of japan and the adherence to antimilitarism culture. Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional, 18, 152-164.
• Beer, L. (1998). Peace in theory and practice under article 9 of Japan’s constitution. Marquette Law Review 81(3), 815–30.
• Blomquist, R. ve Wertz D. (2015). An Overview of North Korea-Japan relations. The National Committee on North Korea. Erişim Tarihi:15.10.2017, http://www.ncnk.org/resources/briefing-papers/all-briefing-papers/ncnk-issue-brief-dprk-japan-relations-an-historical-overview.
• Book Reviews (2000), Asian affairs: An American Review 27(1) 57–60.
• Canan-Sokullu, E. Ş. (2015). Siyasal Kültür. Karşılaştırmalı siyaset temel konular ve yaklaşımlar. H. D. Bilgin ve S. Sayarı (Ed.), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Conlan, T. D. (2011). Mongol Invasions of Japan. The Encyclopedia of War. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Erişim tarihi: 20.11.2017, http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444338232.wbeow425/abstract.
• Ford, D. (2007). Strategic Culture, ıntelligence assessment, and the conduct of the Pacific War: The British-Indian and Imperial Japanese Armies in comparison, 1941-1945. War in History 14 (1), 63–95.
• Friedman, G. (2016). Examining Japan’s national security strategy. geopolitical futures. Erişim tarihi: 15.12.2017, https:// geopoliticalfutures.com/examining-japans-national-security-strategy/.
• Gady, F. (2015). Toothless Tiger: Japan Self-Defence Forces. BBC News, 2015, sec. Asia. Erişim tarihi: 12.11.2017, http://www.bbc.com/ news/world-asia-34485966.
• Jervis, R. (1968). Hypotheses on misperception. World Politics 20 (3), 454–79.
• Johnson, J. (2016). U.S. Bombers Fly over South Korea for Second Time since North’s Nuclear Test. The Japan Times Online, Eylül 22, 2016. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2017, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/ 2016/09/22/asia-pacific/u-s-deploy-b-1-bombers-south-korea-may-add-b-2s-b-52s-report/.
• Johnston, A. I. (1995). Thinking about strategic culture. International Security 19 (4), 32–64.
• Kartchner, K., Johnson J. ve Larsen J. A. ( 2009). Introduction. K. Kartchner, J. Johnson ve J. A. Larsen (Ed.), Strategic culture and weapons of mass destruction: Culturally based ınsights into comparative national security policymaking (3-14), New York.: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Katzenstein, P. J., ve Nobuo O. (1993). Japan’s national security: structures, norms, and policies. International Security 17(4), 84–118.
• Kim, H. (2012). US extended deterrence and the Korean Peninsula. R. Medcalf ve F. Cunningham (Ed.). Disarming Doubt: The Future of Extended Nuclear Deterrence in East Asia. (73-90). Woollahra: Lowy Institute.
• Kim, J. (2014). Strategic culture of the Republic of Korea. Contemporary Security Policy 35(2), 270–89.
• Korea, South International - Analysis. (2015). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Erişim tarihi: 18.12.2017, https://www.eia.gov/beta/international /analysis.cfm?iso=KOR.
• Lantis, J. S. (2009). Strategic culture: from Clausewitz to Constructivism. K. Kartchner, J. Johnson ve J. A. Larsen (Ed.), Strategic culture and weapons of mass destruction: culturally based ınsights into comparative national security policymaking. (33-52),
• New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (2014). Strategic cultures and security policies in the Asia-Pacific. Contemporary Security Policy 35(2), 166–86.
• Macmillan, A., Booth, K., & Trood, R. (1999). Strategic culture. K. Booth & R. Trood (Ed.). Strategic Cultures in the Asia-Pacific Region (3-28), New York: St. Martin’s Press.
• Marshall, G. (1999), Sosyoloji Sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilim-Sanat Yayınları.
• Oros, A. L. (2014). Japan’s Strategic Culture: Security Identity in a Fourth Modern Incarnation?. Contemporary Security Policy 35(2), 227–48.
• Panda, A. (2018, Mart 20). South Korea to Deploy Korea Tactical Surface-to-Surface Missile in Fall 2018: Report. The Diplomat. Erişim tarihi: 30.05.2018, https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/south-korea-to-deploy-korea-tactical-surface-to-surface-missile-in-fall-2018-report/.
• Roskin, M. G. (2007). Çağdaş devlet sistemleri : siyaset coğrafya kültür. (M. B. Seçilmişoğlu, Çev.), Ankara: Liberte Yayın Grubu.
• Rublee, M. R., (2009). Nonproliferation norms: why states choose nuclear restraint. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
• Sajima, N. ve Kyoichi T. (2009). Japanese sea power a maritime nation’s struggle for identity. Canberra: National Library of Australian Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry.
• Schreer, B. (2013). South Korea’s developing blue water navy. The Strategist. Erişim tarihi: 20.11.2017, https://www.aspistrategist. org.au/south-koreas-developing-blue-water-navy/.
• Snyder, J. L. (1977). The Soviet strategic culture : implications for limited nuclear operations. R-2154-AF. RAND Corporation.
• Suh, J. J. (2004). Bound to Last? The US-Korea Alliance and Analytical Eclecticism. J. J. Suh, P. J. Katzenstein, & A. Carlson (Ed.), Rethinking security in East Asia: identity, power, and efficiency (131-171). Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
• Taylor, A. (2017). Changing Japan’s pacifist constitution won’t be easy for Abe. Washington Post. Erişim tarihi: 31.05.2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/changing-japans-pacifist-constitution-wont-be-easy-for-abe/2017/10/24/5b11b1d4-b82a-11e7-9b93-b97043e57a22_story. html. ().
• Tian, N., Fleurant, A., Kuimova, A., Wezeman, P. D., & Wezeman, S. T. (2018). Trends in world military expenditure, 2017. SIPRI Fact Sheet. Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2018, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/ files/2018-05/sipri_fs_1805_milex_2017.pdf.
• Troka (Third ROK Army). GlobalSecurity.Org. Erişim tarihi: 09.01.2018, http://www.globalsecurity. org/military/world/rok/troka.htm.
• Waltz, K. N. (1993), The Emerging structure of international politics. International Security, 18(2), 44–79.
• Work, Clint (2018, Şubat 16). South Korea’s Domestic Political Divide on North Korea. The Diplomat. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2018, https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/south-koreas-domestic-political-divide-on-north-korea/.
• Yoon, T. (2011). Historical animosity is what states make of it: the role of morality and realism in Korea-Japan relations. The Korean Journal of International Studies, 9(1), 1–37.
• Zaman, R. U. (2009). Strategic culture: A “cultural” understanding of war. Comparative Strategy, 28(1) , 68–88.