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2017’DE POLİS BÜLTENLERİNDE GEÇEN İNSAN ÖLDÜRME OLAYLARININ ANALİZİ

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 289 - 308, 13.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.646333

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, Polis Bültenlerini kullanarak Türkiye’de ulusal çapta insan öldürme
olayları veri tabanını oluşturmak ve özellikle zamansal dağılımlarına da
odaklanarak öldürmelerin ulusal seviyede özelliklerini incelemektir.  2017’de gerçekleşen 782 insan öldürme olayına
dair bilgi içeren veri tabanı, Polis Bültenlerindeki bilgilerden
oluşturulmuştur. Mağdur ve fail sayısı, öldürmenin yeri ve zamanı, silah
kullanımı ve faillerin yakalanma durumuna dair bilgiler bültenlerden tespit
edilerek veri tabana eklenmiş ve bu veriler SPSS yazılımı ile analize
edilmiştir. Tespit edilen öldürme olaylarının 863 mağduru olduğu ve 16 olayın
öldürme-intihar özelikleri taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Öldürmelerin büyük oranda
birer fail ve mağdurdan oluşan olaylar olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Öldürmelerin
%68,32’sinin dışarıda gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Dağılımda mevsimsel etki
saptanmamış, fakat en fazla öldürmenin yaşandığı ayın aralık olduğu
anlaşılmıştır. Dini bayramların öldürme olayları sayısına artırıcı ya da
azaltıcı bir etkisi tespit edilmemiştir. Haftanın ortasında öldürmelerin azalıp
hafta sonuna doğru arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Gün içinde ise öğleden sonra ve
akşama doğru öldürmelerin arttığı, akşam saat 9’da zirveye ulaşıp ardından
gecenin geç saatine kadar düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Çoğu öldürme olayında bir
silahın kullanıldığı ve öldürmelerin %61,7’sinde bunun ateşli bir silah olduğu
anlaşılmıştır. Öldürme-intihar olaylarının kış aylarında daha fazla ve genelde
ateşli silah kullanımıyla gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Verilerde eksikliklerin olmasına rağmen bu araştırma, Türkiye’de
daha önce yapılmış küçük çaplı araştırmaların bazı bulgularını ulusal çapta da
doğrulamaktadır. Zamansal varyasyonları daha detaylı inceleyebilmek için
oluşturulan veri tabanı genişletilmelidir.

References

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  • Akçan, R., Yıldırım, M.S., Lale, A. and Heybet, E. R. (2016). Cinayet-kompleks intihar: İkili ölümün nadir bir alt tipi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 43(2), 367-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.02.0698 .
  • Aydın, B. and Çolak, B. (2005). Samsun’da ateşli silahlara bağlı ölümler: 1999-2003. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 19(3), 11-16.
  • Bilgin, U. E., Gökmen F. G., Aktaş E. Ö., Şenol E., Koçak A., Kaya A. and Şen F. (2011). İzmir Adli Tıp Grup Başkanlığında 2004-2007 yılları arasında kesici-delici alet ile meydana gelen adli otopsi olguları. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 50(1), 13-18.
  • Ceccato, V. (2005). Homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil: Assessing spatial-temporal and weather variations. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(3), 307-321.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.07.002
  • Cheatwood, D. (1988). Is there a season for homicide?. Criminology, 26(2), 287-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00842.x
  • Doğan, K. H., Demirci, S., Günaydın G. and Büken B. (2010). Homicide‐suicide in Konya, Turkey between 2000 and 2007. Journal of Forensic Science, 55(1), 110-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01239.x.
  • Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. (n.d.) Polis Bülteni. Available from: https://www.egm.gov.tr/polisbulteni/Sayfalar/default.aspx Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. (2014). 2013 Mali Yılı Faaliyet Raporu. Ankara: T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı. Available from: https://www.egm.gov.tr/SiteAssets/Sayfalar/StratejiGelistirmeFaaliyetleri/EGM_2013_Yili_FAALiYET_RAPORU.pdf Accessed on March 28 2019.
  • Erel, Ö., Aydin-Demirag, S. and Katkici, U. (2011). Homicide and suicide in the elderly: Data from Aydın. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 14(4), 306-310.
  • Erkol, Z., Çolak, B., Yaycı, N. and İnanıcı, M. A. (2011) Kahramanmaraş’ta meydana gelen ateşli silah yaralanmasına bağlı ölümler. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 25(1), 1-10.
  • Fedakar, R., Gündoğmuş, Ü. N. and Türkmen, N. (2007). Firearm-related deaths in two industrial cities of Turkey and their province. Legal Medicine, 9(1), 14-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.09.002.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Available from: https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/ucr/nibrs Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2001). Uniform Crime Reports: Crime in the United States 2001. US Department of Justice. Available from: https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2001 Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Geleri, A. and Demirbilek, M. (2006). Crime victimisation: A study into the profile of homicide victims in Istanbul. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 8(1), 33-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2006.8.1.33.
  • Groff, E., & McEwen, T. (2006). Exploring the spatial configuration of places related to homicide events. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Law and Justice. Available from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/214254.pdf Accessed on 25 September 2019.
  • Gündoğmuş, Ü. N., Biçer, Ü. and Çolak, B. (2000). Kocaeli’nde ebeveyn öldürmeler. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 5(3), 236-240.
  • Hemenway, D. and Miller, M. (2000). Firearm availability and homicide rates across 26 high-income countries. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 49(6), 985-988.
  • Hepburn, L. M. and Hemenway, D. (2004). Firearm availability and homicide: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(4), 417-440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(03)00044-2.
  • Hilal, A., Çekin, N., Gülmen, M. K., Özdemir, M. H. and Karanfil, R. (2005). Homicide in Adana, Turkey: A 5-year review. American Journal Forensic Medical Pathology, 26(2), 141-145. DOI: 10.1097/01.paf.0000164710.22241.14 .
  • Karagöz, M., Karagöz, S.D., Atılgan, M,. and Demircan, C. (1996). Ateşli silah yaralanmasına bağlı 133 ölüm olgusunun incelenmesi. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 1(3), 122-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.199613149.
  • Karakuş, M., İnce, H., İnce, N., Arican N. and Sözen S. (2003). Filicide cases in Turkey, 1995-2000. Croatian Medical Journal, 44(5), 592-595.
  • Karp, A. (2018). Estimating Global Civilian-held Firearms Numbers. Geneva, Switzerland: Small Arms Survey. Available from http://www.smallarmssurvey. org/weapons-and-markets/tools/global-firearms-holdings.html Accessed on 25 September 2019. Killias, M. (1993). International correlations between gun ownership and rates of homicide and suicide. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 148(10), 1721-1725.
  • Kposowa, A. J., & Breault, K. D. (1998). Temporal Factors and Homicide in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(5), 590–604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/088626098013005003
  • Lankford, A. (2016). Public mass shooters and firearms: a cross-national study of 171 countries. Violence and victims, 31(2), 187-199. DOI:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00093
  • Lester, D. (1979). Temporal variation in suicide and homicide. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109(5), 517-520.
  • Miethe, T. D., Regoeczi, W. C., & Drass, K. A. (2004). Rethinking Homicide: Exploring the Structure and Process Underlying Deadly Situations. Cambridge University Press.
  • Milroy, C. M. (1995). The epidemiology of homicide-suicide (dyadic death). Forensic Science International, 71(2), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(94)01648-O.
  • Smith, E. L., and Cooper, A. (2013) Homicide in the U.S. Known to Law Enforcement, 2011. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Available from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/hus11.pdf Accessed on 25 September 2019.
  • Sayhan, M. B., Söğüt, Ö., Gökdemir, M. T., Kara, P. H. and Bircan, M. (2011). Öldürme ardından özkıyım: Olgu sunumu ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(4), 312-314.
  • Sisti, D., Rocchi, M. B., Macciò, A. and Preti, A. (2012). The epidemiology of homicide in Italy by season, day of the week and time of day. Medicine, Science and the Law, 52(2), 100-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/msl.2011.010147.
  • Tennenbaum, A. N. and Fink, E. L. (1994). Temporal regularities in homicide: Cycles, seasons, and autoregression. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10(4), 317-342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0222127.
  • Topçuoğlu, T. (2012). Defendant statistics as indicators of crime trends in Turkey from 1986 to 2011. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul, 44(61), 277-300.
  • Toygar, M., Türker, T., Eroğlu, M., Kaldırım, Ü,. Poyrazoğlu, Y., Eyi, Y. E., Durusu, M. and Eryılmaz, M. (2013). An analysis of firearms-related deaths between 1993-2010: A retrospective study. Ulusal Travma and Acil Cerrahi Dergisi, 19(6), 536-542. DOI: 10.5505/tjtes.2013.70120.
  • TÜİK. (n.d.). Ölüm Nedeni İstatistikleri. Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1083 Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • TÜİK (n.d.). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi – Dinamik Sorgulama Sayfası. Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059 Accessed on September 25 2019.
  • TÜİK. (2017). Resmi İstatistik Programı 2017-2021. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (n.d.). Statistics and Data. Available from: https://dataunodc.un.org/crime/intentional-homicide-victims Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Wolfgang, M. E. (1958). Patterns in Criminal Homicide. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
  • Yavuz, M. S., Aşirdizer, M., Cantürk, N., Eraslan, B. Ş. and Karadeniz, Z. (2010). Robbery-related homicides of taxi drivers in three big cities of Turkey between 1996 and 2006. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 59-64.

AN ANALYSIS OF HOMICIDE INCIDENTS REPORTED IN POLICE BULLETINS IN 2017

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 289 - 308, 13.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.646333

Abstract



Aim of this
study was to generate a database of homicide incidents in Turkey in 2017 from
Police Bulletins, to study the characteristics of homicide on a national level,
including temporal homicide patterns. A database of 782 homicide incidents that
took place in 2017 was generated from Police Bulletins. Data on the number of
victims, number of offenders, time and place of homicide, weapon used, and
apprehension of the offender were extracted from the Police Bulletins and used
in SPSS analysis of the data. Incidents identified involved 863 victims of
homicide, including 16 homicide-suicide incidents. Most homicides identified
were one-on-one events. 68,3% of homicides had taken place on the outside. No
statistically significant seasonal effect was found, but December had the
highest frequency of homicide. Religious holidays were not associated with
spike or drops in homicide frequency. It was found that frequency of homicides
drops towards the middle of the week, and increase over the weekend. Over the
course of the day, homicides increased in the afternoons and evening, peaking
at 9pm. Most homicides were committed using a weapon, with firearms used in
61,7% of all homicides. Homicide-suicides were more likely to happen during
winter months, and commonly involved a firearm. While the data is incomplete,
this study confirms on a national level many findings of smaller studies that
have been conducted in Turkey on a local level. Expansion of the database is
needed to improve the understanding of temporal patterns of homicide.




References

  • Aebi, M. F., Akdeniz, G., Barclay, G., Campistol, C., Caneppele, S., Harrendorf, B., & Kensey, A. (2014). European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics 2014. Helsinki: European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI). Available from http://wp.unil.ch/europeansourcebook/files/2018/03/Sourcebook2014_2nd_revised_printing_edition_20180308.pdf Accessed on September 25 2019.
  • Akçan, R., Yıldırım, M.S., Lale, A. and Heybet, E. R. (2016). Cinayet-kompleks intihar: İkili ölümün nadir bir alt tipi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 43(2), 367-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.02.0698 .
  • Aydın, B. and Çolak, B. (2005). Samsun’da ateşli silahlara bağlı ölümler: 1999-2003. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 19(3), 11-16.
  • Bilgin, U. E., Gökmen F. G., Aktaş E. Ö., Şenol E., Koçak A., Kaya A. and Şen F. (2011). İzmir Adli Tıp Grup Başkanlığında 2004-2007 yılları arasında kesici-delici alet ile meydana gelen adli otopsi olguları. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 50(1), 13-18.
  • Ceccato, V. (2005). Homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil: Assessing spatial-temporal and weather variations. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(3), 307-321.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.07.002
  • Cheatwood, D. (1988). Is there a season for homicide?. Criminology, 26(2), 287-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00842.x
  • Doğan, K. H., Demirci, S., Günaydın G. and Büken B. (2010). Homicide‐suicide in Konya, Turkey between 2000 and 2007. Journal of Forensic Science, 55(1), 110-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01239.x.
  • Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. (n.d.) Polis Bülteni. Available from: https://www.egm.gov.tr/polisbulteni/Sayfalar/default.aspx Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. (2014). 2013 Mali Yılı Faaliyet Raporu. Ankara: T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı. Available from: https://www.egm.gov.tr/SiteAssets/Sayfalar/StratejiGelistirmeFaaliyetleri/EGM_2013_Yili_FAALiYET_RAPORU.pdf Accessed on March 28 2019.
  • Erel, Ö., Aydin-Demirag, S. and Katkici, U. (2011). Homicide and suicide in the elderly: Data from Aydın. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 14(4), 306-310.
  • Erkol, Z., Çolak, B., Yaycı, N. and İnanıcı, M. A. (2011) Kahramanmaraş’ta meydana gelen ateşli silah yaralanmasına bağlı ölümler. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 25(1), 1-10.
  • Fedakar, R., Gündoğmuş, Ü. N. and Türkmen, N. (2007). Firearm-related deaths in two industrial cities of Turkey and their province. Legal Medicine, 9(1), 14-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.09.002.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Available from: https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/ucr/nibrs Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2001). Uniform Crime Reports: Crime in the United States 2001. US Department of Justice. Available from: https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2001 Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Geleri, A. and Demirbilek, M. (2006). Crime victimisation: A study into the profile of homicide victims in Istanbul. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 8(1), 33-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2006.8.1.33.
  • Groff, E., & McEwen, T. (2006). Exploring the spatial configuration of places related to homicide events. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Law and Justice. Available from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/214254.pdf Accessed on 25 September 2019.
  • Gündoğmuş, Ü. N., Biçer, Ü. and Çolak, B. (2000). Kocaeli’nde ebeveyn öldürmeler. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 5(3), 236-240.
  • Hemenway, D. and Miller, M. (2000). Firearm availability and homicide rates across 26 high-income countries. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 49(6), 985-988.
  • Hepburn, L. M. and Hemenway, D. (2004). Firearm availability and homicide: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(4), 417-440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(03)00044-2.
  • Hilal, A., Çekin, N., Gülmen, M. K., Özdemir, M. H. and Karanfil, R. (2005). Homicide in Adana, Turkey: A 5-year review. American Journal Forensic Medical Pathology, 26(2), 141-145. DOI: 10.1097/01.paf.0000164710.22241.14 .
  • Karagöz, M., Karagöz, S.D., Atılgan, M,. and Demircan, C. (1996). Ateşli silah yaralanmasına bağlı 133 ölüm olgusunun incelenmesi. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 1(3), 122-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.199613149.
  • Karakuş, M., İnce, H., İnce, N., Arican N. and Sözen S. (2003). Filicide cases in Turkey, 1995-2000. Croatian Medical Journal, 44(5), 592-595.
  • Karp, A. (2018). Estimating Global Civilian-held Firearms Numbers. Geneva, Switzerland: Small Arms Survey. Available from http://www.smallarmssurvey. org/weapons-and-markets/tools/global-firearms-holdings.html Accessed on 25 September 2019. Killias, M. (1993). International correlations between gun ownership and rates of homicide and suicide. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 148(10), 1721-1725.
  • Kposowa, A. J., & Breault, K. D. (1998). Temporal Factors and Homicide in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(5), 590–604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/088626098013005003
  • Lankford, A. (2016). Public mass shooters and firearms: a cross-national study of 171 countries. Violence and victims, 31(2), 187-199. DOI:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00093
  • Lester, D. (1979). Temporal variation in suicide and homicide. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109(5), 517-520.
  • Miethe, T. D., Regoeczi, W. C., & Drass, K. A. (2004). Rethinking Homicide: Exploring the Structure and Process Underlying Deadly Situations. Cambridge University Press.
  • Milroy, C. M. (1995). The epidemiology of homicide-suicide (dyadic death). Forensic Science International, 71(2), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(94)01648-O.
  • Smith, E. L., and Cooper, A. (2013) Homicide in the U.S. Known to Law Enforcement, 2011. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Available from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/hus11.pdf Accessed on 25 September 2019.
  • Sayhan, M. B., Söğüt, Ö., Gökdemir, M. T., Kara, P. H. and Bircan, M. (2011). Öldürme ardından özkıyım: Olgu sunumu ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(4), 312-314.
  • Sisti, D., Rocchi, M. B., Macciò, A. and Preti, A. (2012). The epidemiology of homicide in Italy by season, day of the week and time of day. Medicine, Science and the Law, 52(2), 100-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/msl.2011.010147.
  • Tennenbaum, A. N. and Fink, E. L. (1994). Temporal regularities in homicide: Cycles, seasons, and autoregression. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10(4), 317-342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0222127.
  • Topçuoğlu, T. (2012). Defendant statistics as indicators of crime trends in Turkey from 1986 to 2011. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul, 44(61), 277-300.
  • Toygar, M., Türker, T., Eroğlu, M., Kaldırım, Ü,. Poyrazoğlu, Y., Eyi, Y. E., Durusu, M. and Eryılmaz, M. (2013). An analysis of firearms-related deaths between 1993-2010: A retrospective study. Ulusal Travma and Acil Cerrahi Dergisi, 19(6), 536-542. DOI: 10.5505/tjtes.2013.70120.
  • TÜİK. (n.d.). Ölüm Nedeni İstatistikleri. Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1083 Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • TÜİK (n.d.). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi – Dinamik Sorgulama Sayfası. Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059 Accessed on September 25 2019.
  • TÜİK. (2017). Resmi İstatistik Programı 2017-2021. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (n.d.). Statistics and Data. Available from: https://dataunodc.un.org/crime/intentional-homicide-victims Accessed on March 12 2019.
  • Wolfgang, M. E. (1958). Patterns in Criminal Homicide. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
  • Yavuz, M. S., Aşirdizer, M., Cantürk, N., Eraslan, B. Ş. and Karadeniz, Z. (2010). Robbery-related homicides of taxi drivers in three big cities of Turkey between 1996 and 2006. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 59-64.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Galma Akdeniz 0000-0002-7255-8260

Publication Date November 13, 2019
Submission Date March 13, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akdeniz, G. (2019). AN ANALYSIS OF HOMICIDE INCIDENTS REPORTED IN POLICE BULLETINS IN 2017. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.646333

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