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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION-BASED STRATEGIES ON WATER AND ITS SECURITY: A STUDY ON DHAKA AND ANKARA

Year 2020, International Security Congress Special Issue, 79 - 93, 28.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.695924

Abstract

Adaptation strategies on climate change are one of the policy actions that can help to inform and assist individuals as well as addressing anticipated threats of climate change. These strategies can be non-regret strategies (supply and demand side), climate justified strategies to identify and resolve threats and ensuring potential alternatives as well as coping with uncertainties, increasing water supply, managing demand and use. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh and Ankara the capital of Turkey are facing water related challenges due to climate change impact. Therefore, various considerable adaptation-based strategies on water sector have been taken from the national to city level to ensure water security but still the adaptation practice is quite insufficient. Based on secondary based research, this study has reviewed the existing policies and strategies on water and its security, and highlighted needed adaptation-based strategies to perform. Finally, this study proposed that an effective multi-stakeholder collaboration are necessary to maintain proper co-ordination with a long term integrated adaptation program, improve water use efficiency through education and awareness campaigns, strengthen water conservation programs, impose legal restrictions, introduce incentives for consumer etc.to make Ankara and Dhaka a water secured city.

References

  • Ahsan, M. M. (2017). Challenges of Local Governments on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: A Study on Water Sector in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Mahmut Güler ve Menaf Turan (Ed.). Belediyelerin geleceği ve yeni yaklaşımlar 1. cilt (pp. 483-495). Istanbul: Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Kültür Yayınları.
  • Ahsan, M. M. (2019). Bangladeş ve Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinden Seçilmiş Kıyı Alanlarında Çevreden Kaynaklanan Göç. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Ankara University, Ankara.
  • Alam, R.Q and Duti B.M (2012), Climate Change Impacts on Water Related Sectors of Dhaka City and Assessing the Plausible Adaptation Options. In 2nd International Conference on Environmental Technology and Construction Engineering for Sustainable Development. Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  • Alam, M Jahangir (2018). Rapid urbanization and changing land values in mega cities: implications for housing development projects in Dhaka, Bangladesh., Bandung J of Global South. 5(2). DOI: 10.1186/s40728-018-0046-0.
  • Alam, H. (2012). Buildings to store rainwater. Retrieved December 2015 from http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-235024.
  • Aybuğa K and Işıldar, G. Y (2017). An Evaluatıon on Rain Water Harvesting and Grey Water Reuse Potential for Ankara. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 8 (3): 209-216.
  • BBS-Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (2015), Population Projection of Bangladesh Dynamics and Trends 2011-2061. Ministry of Planning, Bangladesh.
  • BSS-Bangladesh Sanbad Songstha (2016). Dhaka lost 60pc wetlands in 30 years: Study. Retrieved January 2017 from http://www.thedailystar.net/city/dhaka-lost-60pc-wetlands-30-years-study-205933.
  • ÇŞB- T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı (2018). Türkiye’nin Yedinci Ulusal Bildirimi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Ankara, Türkey.
  • DWASA- Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (2013), 50 years of Dhaka WASA: annual report 2012–13. Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority, Dhaka.
  • Eckstein, D., Hutfils M and Winges, M. (2018), Global Climate Risk Index 2019 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2017 and 1998 to 2017, Retrieved July 2019 from https://pdfs. semanticscholar.org/d0ef/895f44fa421593bae5d5df72cc39901c4c68. pdf.
  • Franz, C., Tigrek, S. and Kibaroglu, A. (2012), Water supply crisis in Ankara: Review and comparison of the “1995 master plan report on Ankara water supply project. Scientific Research and Essays. 7(3): 288-299. DOI: 10.5897/SRE10.83.
  • Islam, Mazharul., (2019). Drink safe from water ATM, Retrieved October 2019 from http://www.newstoday.com.bd/?option=details&news_id=2529534&date =2019-05-10.
  • IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014). Summary for policymakers, In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Köle, M. (2012). Ankara Örneklemi Üzerinde İklim Değişikliğinin Su Kaynakları Yönetimine Etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Çevre Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Körbalta, H. (2019, Mayıs). Türkiye’de Yerel Su Güvenliği, Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8 (1), 55-84. DOI:10.28956/gbd.562965.
  • MoEF-Ministry of Environment and Forest, (2009). Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan-2009. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • OECD (2013). Water and Climate Change Adaptation: Policies to Navigate Uncharted Waters. OECD Studies on Water, OECD Publishing.
  • Türkeş, Murat (2017). Drought Vulnerability and Risk Analysis of Turkey with Respect to Climatic Variability and Socio-Ecological Indicators. Aegean Geographical Journal, 26(2): 47-70. Izmir, Turkey.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Başkanlığı, (2017). Belediye Atıksu İstatistikleri, 2016” Haber Bülteni, 22/11/2017, Sayı: 24875, Retrieved September 2019 from http:// www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24875.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, 2018, Turkey in Statistics 2018, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Turkey.
  • Tarim Ve Orman Bakanlığı (2018). Ulusal Su Planı (2019-2023), Ankara: Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı.
  • UNDP-United Nations Development Program (2010). A 'No-Regrets' Risk-Based Approach to Climate-Proofing of Public Infrastructure: Improved National and Sub-National Planning for Resilience and Sustainable Growth. July 2010. www.a daptationlearning.net.
  • UN-Water, (2013). Water Security & the Global Water Agenda: A UN-Water Analytical Brief, Retrieved October 2016 from https://www.unwater.org/ publications/water-security-global-water-agenda/.
  • Vural, Ç. (2018, Mayıs). Küresel Iklim Değişikliği ve Güvenlik. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 57 – 85. DOI:10.28956/gbd.422726.

SU VE SU GÜVENLİĞİ KONUSUNDA İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM TABANLI STRATEJİLER: DAKKA VE ANKARA ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2020, International Security Congress Special Issue, 79 - 93, 28.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.695924

Abstract

İklim değişikliğine uyum stratejileri; iklim değişikliğinin yol açtığı tehditleri ele almanın yan sıra insanları bilgilendirmeye ve onlara yardım etmeye dayanan politika eylemlerinden biridir. İklim değişikliği tehditlerini tanımlamak, çözmek ve potansiyel seçenekler sağlamak ve bunun yanı sıra su arzını artırmaya, talebi ve kullanımı yönetmeye yardım etmek için pişman-olmama stratejileri (arz ve talep taraflı), iklim haklı stratejiler yoluyla çözülebilmektedir. Bangladeş’in başkenti Dakka ve Türkiye’nin başkenti Ankara iklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle su ile ilgili zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Dolayısıyla, Dakka ve Ankara’daki mevcut stratejilerin neler olduğu ve bu stratejileri formüle etmek için uyum temelli stratejilerin gerekli olduğunu açıklayan su sektörüne yönelik mevcut şehir düzeyinde uyum stratejileri ele alınmıştır ancak uyum uygulamasının hala yetersiz olduğu görülmektedir. İkincil temelli araştırmalara dayanan bu çalışmada, Dakka ve Ankara şehrindeki iklim değişikliği etkisine bağlı olarak mevcut eğilimler, suya dayalı uyum-tabanlı stratejiler ve güvenlik konuları ele alınmıştır. Son olarak bu çalışmada, her iki başkentte de sorunu çözebilecek uzun vadeli entegre uyum programı ile uygun koordinasyonu sağlamak için çok paydaşlı iş birliğinin gerekli olduğu, modern tekniklerle su koruma programlarını güçlendirmesi, eğitim ve bilinçlendirme kampanyaları ile su kullanım verimliliğini artırmaya çalışması, su kullanımını azaltmaya yönelik yasal kısıtlamalar getirilmesi, yasal kısıtlamalar empoze etmesi, tüketici için teşvikler sunulması önerilmektedir.

References

  • Ahsan, M. M. (2017). Challenges of Local Governments on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: A Study on Water Sector in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Mahmut Güler ve Menaf Turan (Ed.). Belediyelerin geleceği ve yeni yaklaşımlar 1. cilt (pp. 483-495). Istanbul: Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Kültür Yayınları.
  • Ahsan, M. M. (2019). Bangladeş ve Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinden Seçilmiş Kıyı Alanlarında Çevreden Kaynaklanan Göç. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Ankara University, Ankara.
  • Alam, R.Q and Duti B.M (2012), Climate Change Impacts on Water Related Sectors of Dhaka City and Assessing the Plausible Adaptation Options. In 2nd International Conference on Environmental Technology and Construction Engineering for Sustainable Development. Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  • Alam, M Jahangir (2018). Rapid urbanization and changing land values in mega cities: implications for housing development projects in Dhaka, Bangladesh., Bandung J of Global South. 5(2). DOI: 10.1186/s40728-018-0046-0.
  • Alam, H. (2012). Buildings to store rainwater. Retrieved December 2015 from http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-235024.
  • Aybuğa K and Işıldar, G. Y (2017). An Evaluatıon on Rain Water Harvesting and Grey Water Reuse Potential for Ankara. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 8 (3): 209-216.
  • BBS-Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (2015), Population Projection of Bangladesh Dynamics and Trends 2011-2061. Ministry of Planning, Bangladesh.
  • BSS-Bangladesh Sanbad Songstha (2016). Dhaka lost 60pc wetlands in 30 years: Study. Retrieved January 2017 from http://www.thedailystar.net/city/dhaka-lost-60pc-wetlands-30-years-study-205933.
  • ÇŞB- T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı (2018). Türkiye’nin Yedinci Ulusal Bildirimi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Ankara, Türkey.
  • DWASA- Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (2013), 50 years of Dhaka WASA: annual report 2012–13. Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority, Dhaka.
  • Eckstein, D., Hutfils M and Winges, M. (2018), Global Climate Risk Index 2019 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2017 and 1998 to 2017, Retrieved July 2019 from https://pdfs. semanticscholar.org/d0ef/895f44fa421593bae5d5df72cc39901c4c68. pdf.
  • Franz, C., Tigrek, S. and Kibaroglu, A. (2012), Water supply crisis in Ankara: Review and comparison of the “1995 master plan report on Ankara water supply project. Scientific Research and Essays. 7(3): 288-299. DOI: 10.5897/SRE10.83.
  • Islam, Mazharul., (2019). Drink safe from water ATM, Retrieved October 2019 from http://www.newstoday.com.bd/?option=details&news_id=2529534&date =2019-05-10.
  • IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014). Summary for policymakers, In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Köle, M. (2012). Ankara Örneklemi Üzerinde İklim Değişikliğinin Su Kaynakları Yönetimine Etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Çevre Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Körbalta, H. (2019, Mayıs). Türkiye’de Yerel Su Güvenliği, Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8 (1), 55-84. DOI:10.28956/gbd.562965.
  • MoEF-Ministry of Environment and Forest, (2009). Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan-2009. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • OECD (2013). Water and Climate Change Adaptation: Policies to Navigate Uncharted Waters. OECD Studies on Water, OECD Publishing.
  • Türkeş, Murat (2017). Drought Vulnerability and Risk Analysis of Turkey with Respect to Climatic Variability and Socio-Ecological Indicators. Aegean Geographical Journal, 26(2): 47-70. Izmir, Turkey.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Başkanlığı, (2017). Belediye Atıksu İstatistikleri, 2016” Haber Bülteni, 22/11/2017, Sayı: 24875, Retrieved September 2019 from http:// www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24875.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, 2018, Turkey in Statistics 2018, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Turkey.
  • Tarim Ve Orman Bakanlığı (2018). Ulusal Su Planı (2019-2023), Ankara: Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı.
  • UNDP-United Nations Development Program (2010). A 'No-Regrets' Risk-Based Approach to Climate-Proofing of Public Infrastructure: Improved National and Sub-National Planning for Resilience and Sustainable Growth. July 2010. www.a daptationlearning.net.
  • UN-Water, (2013). Water Security & the Global Water Agenda: A UN-Water Analytical Brief, Retrieved October 2016 from https://www.unwater.org/ publications/water-security-global-water-agenda/.
  • Vural, Ç. (2018, Mayıs). Küresel Iklim Değişikliği ve Güvenlik. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 57 – 85. DOI:10.28956/gbd.422726.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Md Moynul Ahsan 0000-0003-0822-3850

Publication Date February 28, 2020
Submission Date October 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 International Security Congress Special Issue

Cite

APA Ahsan, M. M. (2020). CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION-BASED STRATEGIES ON WATER AND ITS SECURITY: A STUDY ON DHAKA AND ANKARA. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, Özel Sayı(International Security Congress Special Issue), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.695924

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