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SURİYE VE LİBYA’DA MEYDANA GELEN ÇATIŞMALARIN VEKÂLET SAVAŞI TEORİSİ KAPSAMINDA KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 121 - 150, 26.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.941793

Abstract

Savaşların tek aktörünün devlet olmadığı fikrinden hareketle, devlet dışı aktörlerin savaşlardaki rolünü belirleme arayışında olan vekâlet savaşları, savaşların sonucunu etkilemek isteyen üçüncü tarafların, başka aktörler vasıtasıyla çatışmaya dolaylı olarak girmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu tanım doğrultusunda birden fazla vekil aktör, silah, eğitim ve finansman kanalı ile çeşitli politik amaçlar doğrultusunda asil aktörler (vekil aktöre sponsor olan devlet) tarafından desteklendiğinden Arap baharı sonrası Suriye ve Libya’da meydana gelen çatışmaların doğası ve karakteri vekâlet savaşının çıkarımlarına uymaktadır. Ancak bu çatışmalar her ne kadar asil aktörlerin, vekil olarak hareket eden aktörlere verdikleri destek üzerinden, vekâlet savaşları olarak kavramsallaştırılsa da kendi içlerinde işleyiş bakımından farklılıkları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Arap baharı sonrası Suriye ve Libya’da meydana gelen çatışmalar üzerinden söz konusu farklılıklar ortaya konmakla birlikte hangi saiklerle devletlerin ve devlet dışı aktörlerin vekâlet savaşlarına müdahil oldukları ve asil-vekil ilişkilerinin ardındaki farklı stratejik etkileşimlerin kuramsal olarak nasıl açıklanabileceği sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Söz konusu çatışmalar arasındaki farklılıklar nitel araştırma yöntemi ve karşılaştırmalı vaka analizi kullanılarak ele alınmıştır. İki vaka arasında karşılaştırma yapılırken değişken olarak aktörlerin amaçları ve bu amaçlar doğrultusunda kurdukları bağının boyutları (asil-vekil ilişkisinin türü) esas alınmış olup, bu yöntemle vekâlet savaşlarının hem kurulan bağ hem de amaç bakımından tek yönlü olmadığı, bunun yerine kendi içerisinde karşılıklı ve farklı boyutlara sahip olduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

  • Acun, C. ve Keskin, B. (2016). PKK’nın Kuzey Suriye Örgütlenmesi PYD-YPG. İstanbul: SETA Yayınları.
  • Alca, D. (2020). Kim: Yeni Savaşlarda Asil Vekil Sorunu. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi. 19 (37), 25-48.
  • Al-Monitor. (2013). The Reasons Behind Hezbollah’s Decision to Fight in Syria. Al-Monitor, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2013/04/reasons-hezbollah-decision-fight-syria-lebanon.html#ixzz6r4spoBYh, Erişim Tarihi: 25.03.2021.
  • Askeroğlu, S. (2020). Suriye İç Savaşının Onuncu Yılında Değişen Dengeler. İran Araştırmaları Merkezi, https://iramcenter.org/suriye-ic-savasinin-onuncu-yilinda-degisen-dengeler/, Erişim Tarihi: 30 Mart 2021.
  • Atrache, S. (2014). How Hezbollah is Changing the War in Syria - and Vice Versa. Huffington Post, https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/eastern-mediterranean/syria/how-hezbollah-changing-war-syria-and-vice-versa, Erişim Tarihi: 29 Mart 2021.
  • Berti, B. ve Guzansky, Y. (2014). Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy on Iran and the Proxy War in Syria: Toward a New Chapter?. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 8(3), 25-34.
  • Bremmer, I. (2018). These 5 Proxy Battles Are Making Syria's Civil War Increasingly Complicated. Time, https://time.com/5162409/syria-civil-war-proxy-battles/, Erişim Tarihi: 30 Ekim 2020.
  • Brewer, C. G. (2011). Peril by Proxy: Negotiating Conflicts in East Africa. International Negotiation, 16(1), 137-167.
  • Brooks, D. (2013). One Great Big War. The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/opinion/brooks-one-great-big-war.html, Erişim Tarihi: 09 Ekim 2020.
  • Brown, S. (2016). Purposes and pitfalls of war by proxy: A systemic Analysis. Small Wars and Insurgencies, 27(2), 243-257.
  • Cragin, R.K. (2015). Semi-Proxy Wars and U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38(5), 311-317.
  • Deutsch, K. (1964). External Involvement in Internal Wars. Ed. H. Eckstein, Internal War: Problems and Approaches, 100–110, New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
  • Ekşi, M. (2017). The Syrian Crisis As A Proxy War And The Return of The Realist Great Power Politics. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, Hybrid Warfare Special Issue, 1(2), 106-129.
  • Erkmen, S. (2019). Silahlı Güçler; Ordular, Para-Militer Yapılar, Özel Askeri Şirketler. Güvenlik Yazıları Serisi, No.39, https://trguvenlikportali.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/SilahliGucler_SerhatErkmen_v.1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi 14 Ekim 2020.
  • Erol, M.S. ve Çelik, K.E. (2018). Abd’nin Suriye Politikasında Vekil Aktör Olarak Terör Örgütleri: YPG Örneği, Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 14-45.
  • Faytre, L. (2020). Fransa’nın Libya Politikası. Seta Analiz, Sayı 259.
  • Ford, R.S. (2019). The Syrian Civil War A New Stage, But Is It The Final One? The Middle East Institute, Policy Paper 2019-8.
  • Fox, A. C. (2019). Conflict and the Need for a Theory of Proxy Warfare. Journal of Strategic Security, 12(1), 44-71.
  • Frantzman, S.J. (2020). Libya is now the Middle East’s most important proxy war. https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/libya-is-now-the-middle-east-s-most-important-proxy-war, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Aralık 2020.
  • Friedman, T.L. (2018 Nisan 15). Are Iran and Israel Headed for Their First Direct War? The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/15/opinion/war-syria-iran-israel.html, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Haziran 2020.
  • Groh, T.L. (2019). Proxy War: The Least Bad Option. Stanford CA, Stanford University Press. Harchaoui, J. ve Lazib, M. (2019). Proxy War Dynamics in Libya. The Proxy Wars Project.
  • Hughes, G.A. (2014). Syria and the perils of proxy warfare. Small Wars and Insurgencies, 25(3), 522-538.
  • Hughes, G.A. (2012). My Enemy's Enemy: Proxy Warfare in International Politics. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
  • Hyde, C. P. (2020). Terror and the International Arms Trade: How Differing Definitions Impact Proxy Wars. Texas International Law Journal, 55(2), 327-348.
  • Kharief, A. (2020). Libya’s proxy war. Le Monde Diplomatique, https://mondediplo.com/2020/09/04libya, Erişim Tarihi: 09 Aralık 2020.
  • King, L. (2016). Who wants what in Syria: World powers jostle for influence. https://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/la-fg-syria-great-game-20161223-story.html, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Kasım 2020.
  • Kubovich, Y. (2018). Israel Launched World’s First Air Strike Using F-35 Stealth Fighters, Air Force Chief Says, Haaretz, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/with-iran-in-syria-israel-launched-world-s-first-air-strike-using-f-35-stealth-fighters-1.6110706, Erişim Tarihi: 12 Haziran 2020.
  • Kurt, V. (2020). 27 Kasım Anlaşmasından Berlin Konferansı’na Libya’da Yeni Denklem. Seta Analiz, Sayı 306.
  • Lynch, C. (2015). Why Putin Is So Committed to Keeping Assad in Power. Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/07/putins-russia-is-wedded-to-bashar-al-assad-syria-moscow/#, Erişim Tarihi: 21 Mart 2021.
  • Martini, A. (2020). The Syrian wars of words: international and local instrumentalisations of the war on terror. Third World Quarterly, 41(4), 725-743.
  • Megerisi, T. (2019). Libya’s Global Civil War. European Council on Foreign Relations, https://ecfr.eu/publication/libyas_global_civil_war1/, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Kasım 2020.
  • Mezran, K. ve Miller, E. (2017). Libya: From Intervention to Proxy War. Atlantic Council.
  • Mumford, A. (2013a). Proxy Warfare. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Mumford, A. (2013b). Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict. The RUSI Journal, 158(2), 40-46.
  • Nasr, V. (2013). Iran Outmaneuvering U.S. In Syrian Proxy War. Pittsburgh Post, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1366572052?pq-origsite=summon, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Ekim 2020.
  • Oğuz, Ş. ve Çelik, K. E. (2018). Conflict in Syria: Is it a Proxy Warfare?. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 44-69.
  • Okur, M.A. (2018). İç Savaştan Suriye Savaşlarına. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz-haber/ic-savastan-suriye-savaslarina/1082185, Erişim Tarihi: 29 Ekim 2020.
  • Paffenroth, A. (2014). Outsourcing Conflict “An Analysis of the Strategic Underpinnings of Proxy Warfare”. Baltimore: Maryland.
  • Peralta, E. (2015). We Ask Experts: Has The Situation In Syria Become A Proxy War?, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/16/449181764/we-ask-experts-has-the-situation-in-syria-become-a-proxy-war, Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ekim 2020.
  • Phillips, C. (2016). The Battle For Syria International Rivalry in The New Middle East. London: Yale University Press.
  • Phillips, C. ve Valbjørn, M. (2018). ‘What is in a Name?’: The Role of (Different) Identities in the Multiple Proxy Wars in Syria. Small Wars and Insurgencies, 29(3), 414-433.
  • Polat, D.Ş. (2020). Türkiye’nin Suriye’nin Kuzeyindeki Askeri Harekâtının Amaçları ve Sonuçları. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 16(33), 53-96.
  • Rais, M. (2013). Syrian crisis: a proxy war. Le Journal Internetional. https://www.lejournalinternational.fr/Syrian-crisis-a-proxy-war_a692.html, Erişim Tarihi: 20 Ekim 2020.
  • Rauta, V. ve Mumford, A. (2017). Proxy Warfare and Contemporary Security Environment, Ed. Robert Dover-Huw Dylan-Michael S. Goodman, The Palgrave Handbook of Security, London: Palgrave Mcmillan.
  • Reeve, R. (2015). Libya’s Proxy Battlefield, Oxford Research Group Briefing.
  • Robinson, K. (2020). Who’s Who in Libya’s War?. Foreign Affairs, https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/whos-who-libyas-war, Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2020.
  • Ryan, C. (2012). The New Arab Cold War and the Struggle for Syria. Middle East Research and Information Project, https://merip.org/2012/03/the-new-arab-cold-war-and-the-struggle-for-syria/, Erişim Tarihi: 15 Ekim 2020.
  • Seliktar, O. ve Rezaei, F. (2020). Iran, Revolution and Proxy Wars. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sullivan, M. (2014). Hezbollah in Syria. Middle East Security Report 19, http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Hezbollah_Sullivan_FINAL.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 23 Mart 2021.
  • Üstün, K. (2016). US alliance with Syrian PYD alienates Turkey. Aljazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/6/2/us-alliance-with-syrian-pyd-alienates-turkey, Erişim Tarihi: 23 Mart 2021.
  • Yeşiltaş, M. ve Duran, B. (2018). Ortadoğu’da Devlet Dışı Aktörlerin Yükselişi. Ed M. Yeşiltaş ve B. Duran, Ortadoğu’da Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler, 9-31, İstanbul: SETA Kitapları.
  • Yücel, H. (2018). Hukuki Açıdan ABD’nin PKK/YPG’ye Silah Yardımı. Seta Analiz, https://www.setav.org/perspektif-hukuki-acidan-abd-nin-pkk-ypg-ye-silah-yardimi/, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Kasım 2020.

COMPARISON OF THE CONFLICTS IN SYRIA AND LIBYA UNDER THE PROXY WAR THEORY

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 121 - 150, 26.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.941793

Abstract

Regarding the idea that the state is not the only actor of wars, proxy wars, which seek to determine the role of non-state actors in wars, are recognized as the indirect entry of third parties into conflict desiring to influence the political outcome of wars. The nature and character of the conflicts that took place in Syria and Libya following the Arab Spring resemble the implications of the proxy war, as more than one proxy actors are supported by the main actors (the state sponsoring the proxy actor) for certain political purposes with weapons, training and financing channels. Although these conflicts are conceptualized as proxy wars based on the support of the main actors to actors functioning as proxies, have differences in terms of activity. In this study, the differences in the conflicts that occurred in Syria and Libya after the Arab Spring were revealed. Answers were sought to questions about which motives States and non-state actors were involved in proxy wars and how the different strategic interactions behind Noble-proxy relations could theoretically be explained. The conflicts that escalated in Syria and Libya were selected as sample cases to test the proxy war. When comparing between two cases, the dimensions of the surrogate bond between actors (the type of noble-surrogate relationship) and their purpose were based as a variable. By this method, it has been tried to show that proxy wars are not one-way in terms of both the established bond and the purpose, but instead have mutual and different dimensions within themselves.

References

  • Acun, C. ve Keskin, B. (2016). PKK’nın Kuzey Suriye Örgütlenmesi PYD-YPG. İstanbul: SETA Yayınları.
  • Alca, D. (2020). Kim: Yeni Savaşlarda Asil Vekil Sorunu. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi. 19 (37), 25-48.
  • Al-Monitor. (2013). The Reasons Behind Hezbollah’s Decision to Fight in Syria. Al-Monitor, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2013/04/reasons-hezbollah-decision-fight-syria-lebanon.html#ixzz6r4spoBYh, Erişim Tarihi: 25.03.2021.
  • Askeroğlu, S. (2020). Suriye İç Savaşının Onuncu Yılında Değişen Dengeler. İran Araştırmaları Merkezi, https://iramcenter.org/suriye-ic-savasinin-onuncu-yilinda-degisen-dengeler/, Erişim Tarihi: 30 Mart 2021.
  • Atrache, S. (2014). How Hezbollah is Changing the War in Syria - and Vice Versa. Huffington Post, https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/eastern-mediterranean/syria/how-hezbollah-changing-war-syria-and-vice-versa, Erişim Tarihi: 29 Mart 2021.
  • Berti, B. ve Guzansky, Y. (2014). Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy on Iran and the Proxy War in Syria: Toward a New Chapter?. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 8(3), 25-34.
  • Bremmer, I. (2018). These 5 Proxy Battles Are Making Syria's Civil War Increasingly Complicated. Time, https://time.com/5162409/syria-civil-war-proxy-battles/, Erişim Tarihi: 30 Ekim 2020.
  • Brewer, C. G. (2011). Peril by Proxy: Negotiating Conflicts in East Africa. International Negotiation, 16(1), 137-167.
  • Brooks, D. (2013). One Great Big War. The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/opinion/brooks-one-great-big-war.html, Erişim Tarihi: 09 Ekim 2020.
  • Brown, S. (2016). Purposes and pitfalls of war by proxy: A systemic Analysis. Small Wars and Insurgencies, 27(2), 243-257.
  • Cragin, R.K. (2015). Semi-Proxy Wars and U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38(5), 311-317.
  • Deutsch, K. (1964). External Involvement in Internal Wars. Ed. H. Eckstein, Internal War: Problems and Approaches, 100–110, New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
  • Ekşi, M. (2017). The Syrian Crisis As A Proxy War And The Return of The Realist Great Power Politics. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, Hybrid Warfare Special Issue, 1(2), 106-129.
  • Erkmen, S. (2019). Silahlı Güçler; Ordular, Para-Militer Yapılar, Özel Askeri Şirketler. Güvenlik Yazıları Serisi, No.39, https://trguvenlikportali.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/SilahliGucler_SerhatErkmen_v.1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi 14 Ekim 2020.
  • Erol, M.S. ve Çelik, K.E. (2018). Abd’nin Suriye Politikasında Vekil Aktör Olarak Terör Örgütleri: YPG Örneği, Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 14-45.
  • Faytre, L. (2020). Fransa’nın Libya Politikası. Seta Analiz, Sayı 259.
  • Ford, R.S. (2019). The Syrian Civil War A New Stage, But Is It The Final One? The Middle East Institute, Policy Paper 2019-8.
  • Fox, A. C. (2019). Conflict and the Need for a Theory of Proxy Warfare. Journal of Strategic Security, 12(1), 44-71.
  • Frantzman, S.J. (2020). Libya is now the Middle East’s most important proxy war. https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/libya-is-now-the-middle-east-s-most-important-proxy-war, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Aralık 2020.
  • Friedman, T.L. (2018 Nisan 15). Are Iran and Israel Headed for Their First Direct War? The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/15/opinion/war-syria-iran-israel.html, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Haziran 2020.
  • Groh, T.L. (2019). Proxy War: The Least Bad Option. Stanford CA, Stanford University Press. Harchaoui, J. ve Lazib, M. (2019). Proxy War Dynamics in Libya. The Proxy Wars Project.
  • Hughes, G.A. (2014). Syria and the perils of proxy warfare. Small Wars and Insurgencies, 25(3), 522-538.
  • Hughes, G.A. (2012). My Enemy's Enemy: Proxy Warfare in International Politics. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
  • Hyde, C. P. (2020). Terror and the International Arms Trade: How Differing Definitions Impact Proxy Wars. Texas International Law Journal, 55(2), 327-348.
  • Kharief, A. (2020). Libya’s proxy war. Le Monde Diplomatique, https://mondediplo.com/2020/09/04libya, Erişim Tarihi: 09 Aralık 2020.
  • King, L. (2016). Who wants what in Syria: World powers jostle for influence. https://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/la-fg-syria-great-game-20161223-story.html, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Kasım 2020.
  • Kubovich, Y. (2018). Israel Launched World’s First Air Strike Using F-35 Stealth Fighters, Air Force Chief Says, Haaretz, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/with-iran-in-syria-israel-launched-world-s-first-air-strike-using-f-35-stealth-fighters-1.6110706, Erişim Tarihi: 12 Haziran 2020.
  • Kurt, V. (2020). 27 Kasım Anlaşmasından Berlin Konferansı’na Libya’da Yeni Denklem. Seta Analiz, Sayı 306.
  • Lynch, C. (2015). Why Putin Is So Committed to Keeping Assad in Power. Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/07/putins-russia-is-wedded-to-bashar-al-assad-syria-moscow/#, Erişim Tarihi: 21 Mart 2021.
  • Martini, A. (2020). The Syrian wars of words: international and local instrumentalisations of the war on terror. Third World Quarterly, 41(4), 725-743.
  • Megerisi, T. (2019). Libya’s Global Civil War. European Council on Foreign Relations, https://ecfr.eu/publication/libyas_global_civil_war1/, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Kasım 2020.
  • Mezran, K. ve Miller, E. (2017). Libya: From Intervention to Proxy War. Atlantic Council.
  • Mumford, A. (2013a). Proxy Warfare. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Mumford, A. (2013b). Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict. The RUSI Journal, 158(2), 40-46.
  • Nasr, V. (2013). Iran Outmaneuvering U.S. In Syrian Proxy War. Pittsburgh Post, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1366572052?pq-origsite=summon, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Ekim 2020.
  • Oğuz, Ş. ve Çelik, K. E. (2018). Conflict in Syria: Is it a Proxy Warfare?. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 44-69.
  • Okur, M.A. (2018). İç Savaştan Suriye Savaşlarına. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz-haber/ic-savastan-suriye-savaslarina/1082185, Erişim Tarihi: 29 Ekim 2020.
  • Paffenroth, A. (2014). Outsourcing Conflict “An Analysis of the Strategic Underpinnings of Proxy Warfare”. Baltimore: Maryland.
  • Peralta, E. (2015). We Ask Experts: Has The Situation In Syria Become A Proxy War?, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/16/449181764/we-ask-experts-has-the-situation-in-syria-become-a-proxy-war, Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ekim 2020.
  • Phillips, C. (2016). The Battle For Syria International Rivalry in The New Middle East. London: Yale University Press.
  • Phillips, C. ve Valbjørn, M. (2018). ‘What is in a Name?’: The Role of (Different) Identities in the Multiple Proxy Wars in Syria. Small Wars and Insurgencies, 29(3), 414-433.
  • Polat, D.Ş. (2020). Türkiye’nin Suriye’nin Kuzeyindeki Askeri Harekâtının Amaçları ve Sonuçları. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 16(33), 53-96.
  • Rais, M. (2013). Syrian crisis: a proxy war. Le Journal Internetional. https://www.lejournalinternational.fr/Syrian-crisis-a-proxy-war_a692.html, Erişim Tarihi: 20 Ekim 2020.
  • Rauta, V. ve Mumford, A. (2017). Proxy Warfare and Contemporary Security Environment, Ed. Robert Dover-Huw Dylan-Michael S. Goodman, The Palgrave Handbook of Security, London: Palgrave Mcmillan.
  • Reeve, R. (2015). Libya’s Proxy Battlefield, Oxford Research Group Briefing.
  • Robinson, K. (2020). Who’s Who in Libya’s War?. Foreign Affairs, https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/whos-who-libyas-war, Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2020.
  • Ryan, C. (2012). The New Arab Cold War and the Struggle for Syria. Middle East Research and Information Project, https://merip.org/2012/03/the-new-arab-cold-war-and-the-struggle-for-syria/, Erişim Tarihi: 15 Ekim 2020.
  • Seliktar, O. ve Rezaei, F. (2020). Iran, Revolution and Proxy Wars. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sullivan, M. (2014). Hezbollah in Syria. Middle East Security Report 19, http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Hezbollah_Sullivan_FINAL.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 23 Mart 2021.
  • Üstün, K. (2016). US alliance with Syrian PYD alienates Turkey. Aljazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/6/2/us-alliance-with-syrian-pyd-alienates-turkey, Erişim Tarihi: 23 Mart 2021.
  • Yeşiltaş, M. ve Duran, B. (2018). Ortadoğu’da Devlet Dışı Aktörlerin Yükselişi. Ed M. Yeşiltaş ve B. Duran, Ortadoğu’da Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler, 9-31, İstanbul: SETA Kitapları.
  • Yücel, H. (2018). Hukuki Açıdan ABD’nin PKK/YPG’ye Silah Yardımı. Seta Analiz, https://www.setav.org/perspektif-hukuki-acidan-abd-nin-pkk-ypg-ye-silah-yardimi/, Erişim Tarihi: 02 Kasım 2020.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Gök 0000-0002-0734-459X

Publication Date May 26, 2021
Submission Date January 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gök, A. (2021). SURİYE VE LİBYA’DA MEYDANA GELEN ÇATIŞMALARIN VEKÂLET SAVAŞI TEORİSİ KAPSAMINDA KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 121-150. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.941793

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