Deniz Taşımacılığında Dekarbonizasyon Uygulamalarının Kaynak Temelli Görüş Bağlamında Alternatif Yakıtlar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Tonaj ve değer olarak küresel ticaretin taşınmasında en büyük paya sahip olan denizyolu taşımacılığından kaynaklanan emisyonların dünya toplamı içindeki payı günden güne artmaktadır. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü, bu gidişatı engellemek adına gemilerden kaynaklı emisyonların azaltılmasına yönelik regülasyonlar yayınlamıştır. Bu regülasyonlara göre gemilerden kaynaklı çeşitli zararlı gazlara ait emisyon oranları yıllar içerisinde daha da azaltılacaktır. Bu çerçevede denizcilik işletmeleri arasında hali hazırda üst seviyede seyreden rekabet sahası genişleyecektir. Bu kapsamda işletmelerin kendi kaynaklarını geliştirerek rekabetçi avantaj yakalayabileceğini savunan kaynak temelli bakış açısı yakıt teknolojisinin gelişimine uyum açısından denizcilik işletmelerine rehber olabilecektir. Bu çalışmada IMO 2050 kuralları kapsamında karbonu sıfırlayan alternatif gemi yakıtları çeşitli yönlerden değerlendirilmiştir. Alternatif yakıtlar içerisinden doğalgaz, metanol, amonyak, dizel, hidrojen sıvı ve hidrojen ele alınmış, teknik, ekonomik, lojistik vb. özellikleri detaylandırılmıştır. Değerlendirme kapsamında alternatiflerin teknik, ekonomik, lojistik vs. açılardan güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ortaya konulmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra ilgili yakıtlar bazı teknik özellikler kapsamında TOPSIS yöntemi kullanılarak sıralanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre Dizel yakıtın teknik açıdan gemiler için en iyi seçenek olduğu, bu yakıtı hidrojen ve doğalgazın izlediği ortaya konulmuştur. Hidrojenin teknik açıdan neredeyse dizel kadar etkili olması geleceğin karbonsuz yakıtının tespiti için önemli bir gelişme sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda alternatif gemi yakıtları hem teknik özellikler hem de rekabetçi avantaj bağlamında ele alınarak teoriye katkı sağlanmıştır. Alternatif yakıtların kullanımı, tedariği, depolanması gibi konularda bilgi verilmesi ile uygulayıcılara bir bilişsel çerçeve sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alternatif yakıtlar
• Denizyolu taşımacılığı
• Kaynak temelli görüş
• dekarbonizasyon
• decarbonization

Evaluation of Decarbonization Applications in Maritime Transportation in Terms of Alternative Fuels in the Context of Resource-Based View

Abstract

The share of emissions originating from maritime transport, which has the largest share in the transportation of global trade in terms of tonnage and value, in the world total is increasing day by day. The International Maritime Organization has published regulations to reduce exhaust gas emissions from ships to prevent this trend. According to these regulations, the emission rates of various harmful gases originating from ships will be further reduced over the years. In this framework, currently, the intensely competitive field of the maritime transport market will expand. In this context, the resource-based view, which argued that businesses can gain a competitive advantage by developing their resources, can guide maritime enterprises in terms of adaptation to the development of fuel technology. In this study, alternative marine fuels that neutralize carbon within the scope of the IMO 2050 rules have been evaluated from various aspects. Among the alternative fuels, natural gas, methanol, ammonia, diesel, hydrogen liquid, and hydrogen were discussed and their features as technical, economic, logistics, etc. were detailed. Within the scope of the evaluation, the strengths and weaknesses of the alternatives were revealed from various perspectives. In addition, the related fuels are listed using the TOPSIS method within the scope of some technical specifications. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that diesel fuel is the best option for ships from a technical point of view, followed by hydrogen and natural gas. The fact that hydrogen is technically almost as effective as diesel offers an important advance for the detection of carbon-free ship fuel of the future. In this context, alternative ship fuels have been discussed in terms of both technical features and competitive advantage, contributing to the theory. A cognitive framework was presented to the practitioners by providing information on the use, supply, and storage of alternative fuels.

Keywords

• Alternative fuels
• Maritime transportation
• Resource-based view
• decarbonization

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