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Hızlandırılmış Erozyon Testleriyle Malzemelerin Kavitasyon Erozyonu Özelliklerinin İncelemesi

Year 2019, Issue: 216, 32 - 49, 30.12.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kavitasyon ve kavitasyonun en olumsuz ve zararlı etkilerinden birisi olan kavitasyon
erozyonunun deneysel olarak incelenmesi sunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kavitasyon erozyonu oluşumu
açıklanmış ve erozyon testlerinde kullanılan bazı matematiksel parametreler; kavitasyon sayısı,
erozyon hızı ve erozyon şiddeti incelenmiştir. Farklı malzemelerin kavitasyon erozyonuna karşı
dirençlerini test etmede kullanılan beş farklı yöntem bulunmaktadır. Bunlar en basitinden en gelişmiş
olana doğru sıralanırsa, döner diskli cihaz ile gerçekleştirilen testler, titreşim cihazları ile ultrasonik
ortam oluşturularak gerçekleştirilen testler, hava jeti tekniği, su jeti (kavitasyon jeti) tekniği ve
kavitasyon tüneli testleridir. Çalışma kapsamında bu beş teknik incelenerek literatürden elde edilen
örneklerle anlatılmıştır. Hava jeti tekniği ve su jeti tekniğine özel ilgi gösterilmiş, çalışma kapsamında
İTÜ Gemi İnşaatı ve Deniz Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde kurulan hava jeti ve su jeti deney düzenekleri ile
gerçekleştirilen testlerden örnekler sunulmuştur.

References

  • Aktas, B., Usta, O., Atlar, M. (2020). Systematic investigation of coating application methods and soft paint types to detect cavitation erosion on marine propellers, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 94, 101868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.101868 ASTM Standard, Standard No: G134-95. (2010). Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.02. ASTM Standard, Standard No: G32-10. (2010). Standard Test Method for Erosion for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.02. ASTM, (2019). American Society for Testing and Materials, URL: http://www.astm.org/, (Erişim zamanı; 5 Mayıs 2019). Azar, G. T. P., Yelkarasi, C. & Ürgen, M. (2017). The role of droplets on the cavitation erosion damage of TiN coatings produced with cathodic arc physical vapor deposition, Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 322, pp. 211–217, (2017). Bazanini, G., Bressan, J. D. & Klemz, M. A. (2008). Cavitation Erosion Wear of Metallic Specimens Using the New Compact Rotating Disk Device, Thermal Engineering, Vol. 7(1), pp. 31–36. Choi, J. K., Jayaprakash & A. Chahine, G. L. (2012). Scaling of Cavitation Erosion Progression with Cavitation Intensity and Cavitation Source, Wear, Vol. 278–279, pp. 53–61. Brennen, C. E. (1995). Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, New York Oxford University Press, New York. Dular, M. (2016). Hydrodynamic cavitation damage in water at elevated temperatures", Wear, 346- 347, pp. 78–86. Franc, J. P. (2006). Physics and control of cavitation, Design and Analysis of High Speed Pump, 2, 1–36. Hammitt, F.G. (1963). Observations on Cavitation Damage in a Flowing System, Journal of Basic Engineering, 85 (3), pp. 347–356. Hansen, B. W. & Rasmussen, R. E. H. (1968). Cavitation Damage Experiments in a Rotating Disk Apparatus Especially with Regard to the Gas Content of Water, Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 12, pp. 83–88. Hart, D. & Whale, D. (2007). A review of cavitation-erosion resistance weld surfacing alloys for hydroturbines", Eutectic Cast. Pty. Ltd., 15-30. Hattori, S., Hirose, T. & Sugiyama, K. (2009). Prediction method for cavitation erosion based on measurement of bubble collapse impact loads, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 147. He, J. & Hammitt, F. G. (1982). Comparision of cavitation erosion test results from venturi and vibratory facilities", Wear, Vol. 76, pp. 269–292. Hutli, E., Nedeljkovic, M. S. & Bonyár, A. (2018). Cavitating Flow Characteristics, Cavity Potential and Iwai, Y. & Okada, Y. (1987). Cavitation Erosion Induced by Rotating Disk Apparatus, In Lecture Note of the Fifth Cavitation Symposium in Japan, 93–100. Kinetic Energy, Void Fraction and Geometrical Parameters-Analytical and Theoretical Study Validated by Experimental Investigations, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 117: pp. 873-886. Kang, C. Liu, H., & Soyama, H. (2018). Estimation of aggressive intensity of a cavitating jet with multiple experimental methods, Wear, 394–395, 176–186. Laguna-Camachoa, J. R., Lewis, R., Vite-Torres, M., & Mendez-Mendez, J. V. (2013). A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, Vol. 301, pp. 467–476. Lichtarowicz, A. (1972). Use of a simple cavitating nozzle for cavitation erosion testing and cutting, Nature Physical Science, Vol .239 (9), pp.63. Lichtarowicz, A. (1979. Cavitating jet apparatus for cavitation erosion testing, A.S.T.M. STP, Vol. 664 pp. 518. Lightman, J. Z., Kallas, D. H., Chatten, C. K. & Cochran, E. P. (1961). Cavitation Erosion of Structural Materials and Coatings", Corrosion, Vol. 17, pp. 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/abs/10.5006/0010-9312- 17.10.119 Lichtman, J. Z. & Weingram, E. R. (1964). The Use of a Rotating Disk Apparatus in Determining Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Materials, In ASME Symposium on Cavitation Research Facilities and Techniques, 185–196. Momma, T. (1991), Cavitation Loading and Erosion Produced by a Cavitating Jet, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nottingham. Momma, T. & Lichtarowicz, A. (1995). A study of Pressures and Erosion Produced by Collapsing Cavitation, Wear, Vol. 186-187, pp. 425-436. Mottyll, S. & Skoda R. (2016). Numerical 3D flow simulation of ultrasonic horns with attached, cavitation structures and assessment of flow aggressiveness and cavitation erosion sensitive wall zones, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 31, pp. 570–589. Peng, C., Tian, S. & Li, G. (2018). Joint Experiments of Cavitation Jet: High-speed Visualization and Erosion Test, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 149, pp. 1-13. Plesset, M. S., & Prosperetti, A. (1977). "Bubble dynamics and cavitation", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, pp. 145–187. Rao, P. V. & Rao, B. C. S. (1981). Some Erosion Studies and Scale Effects with Rotating Disk Device, In ASME Symposium on Cavitation Erosion in Fluid Systems, 119–131. Rao, P. V., Rao, B. C. S. & Rao, N. S. L. (1980). Erosion and Cavity Characteristics in Rotating Components", Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 8, pp. 127–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JTE10609J Rao, P. V. & Buckley, D.H. (1987). Unified Empirical Relations For Cavitation And Liquid Impingement Erosion Processes", Wear, Vol.120, pp. 253–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(87)90022-6 Rashed, M. K., Abdulbari, H. A., Salled, M. A. & Ismail, M. H. (2016). Rotating disc apparatus: types, developments and future applications, Modern Applied Science, Vol. 10, pp. 198-229. Shima, A., Tomaru, H., Ihara, A. & Miura, N. (1992). Cavitation damage study with a rotating disk at the high peripheral velocities", Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 30(4), pp. 521–538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689209498898 Soyama, H. & Asahara, M. (1999). Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of a Carbon Steel Surface by a Cavitating Jet, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 18 (23), pp. 1953-1955. Soyama, H. & Kumano, H. (2002). The Fundamental Threshold Level—a New Parameter for Predicting Cavitation Erosion Resistance", Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 30 (5). Soyama, H. (2013). Effect of nozzle geometry on a standard cavitation erosion test using a cavitating jet, Wear, Vol. 297, pp. 895-902. Sreedhar, B. K. Albert, S. K. & Pandit, A. B. (2017). Cavitation damage: Theory and measurements – A review, Wear, 372-373, pp. 177–196. SVA, (2019). Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt Potsdam, URL: https://www.sva-potsdam.de/en/cavitationtunnel/, (Erişim zamanı; 5 Kasım, 2019). Taillon, G., Pougoum, F., Lavigne, S., Ton-That, L., Schulz, R., Bousser, E., Savoie, S., Martin, L. & Sapieha, J. E. K. (2016). Cavitation erosion mechanisms in stainless steels and incomposite metal–ceramic HVOF coatings, Wear, Vol. 364-365, pp. 201–210. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı, Savunma Sanayii Başkanlığı (SSB). 2019. Türk Savunma Sanayii Ürün Kataloğu. URL: https://www.ssb.gov.tr, (Erişim zamanı; 10 Aralık, 2019). Tukker, J. & Kuiper, G. (2004). High-speed video observations and erosive cavitation, PRADS 2004, Luebeck-Travemuende, 941–948. Usta, O. (2018). Gemi Pervanelerinde Kavitasyon ve Kavitasyon Erozyonu Modellemesi, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gemi İnşaatı ve Gemi Mak. Müh. ABD, Doktora Tezi. Usta, O., Koksal, Ç. S., Aktas, B., Fitzsimmons, P., Atlar, M. & Korkut, E. (2017). An Experimental Study to Detect Cavitation Erosion for Different Coated Surfaces, The 5th International Conference on Advanced Model Measurement Technology for The Maritime Industry (AMT’17), Glasgow. Vallier, A. (2013). Simulations of cavitation – from the large vapour structures to the small bubble dynamics, Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, Lund University, Sweden. Vatankhah, C., Jafargholinejad, S. & Mozaffarinia, R. (2011). Experimental Investigation on Drag Reduction Performance of Two Kind of Polymeric Coatings with Rotating Disk Apparatus, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5(4), pp. 143-148. Wood, G. M., Kundsen, L. K. & Hammitt, F. G. (1967). Cavitation Damage Studies with Rotating Disk in Water, Journal of Basic Engineering ASME, Vol. 89, pp. 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3609577 Yamaguchi, A. & Shimizu, S. (1987). Erosion due to impingement of cavitating jet, Trans.A.S.M.E. J.Ruid Eng. Vol.109 (4), pp.442. Zhou, Y. K. & Hammitt, F. G. (1963). Cavitation erosion incubation period, Wear, Vol. 86 (2), pp. 299– 313.
Year 2019, Issue: 216, 32 - 49, 30.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • Aktas, B., Usta, O., Atlar, M. (2020). Systematic investigation of coating application methods and soft paint types to detect cavitation erosion on marine propellers, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 94, 101868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.101868 ASTM Standard, Standard No: G134-95. (2010). Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.02. ASTM Standard, Standard No: G32-10. (2010). Standard Test Method for Erosion for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.02. ASTM, (2019). American Society for Testing and Materials, URL: http://www.astm.org/, (Erişim zamanı; 5 Mayıs 2019). Azar, G. T. P., Yelkarasi, C. & Ürgen, M. (2017). The role of droplets on the cavitation erosion damage of TiN coatings produced with cathodic arc physical vapor deposition, Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 322, pp. 211–217, (2017). Bazanini, G., Bressan, J. D. & Klemz, M. A. (2008). Cavitation Erosion Wear of Metallic Specimens Using the New Compact Rotating Disk Device, Thermal Engineering, Vol. 7(1), pp. 31–36. Choi, J. K., Jayaprakash & A. Chahine, G. L. (2012). Scaling of Cavitation Erosion Progression with Cavitation Intensity and Cavitation Source, Wear, Vol. 278–279, pp. 53–61. Brennen, C. E. (1995). Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, New York Oxford University Press, New York. Dular, M. (2016). Hydrodynamic cavitation damage in water at elevated temperatures", Wear, 346- 347, pp. 78–86. Franc, J. P. (2006). Physics and control of cavitation, Design and Analysis of High Speed Pump, 2, 1–36. Hammitt, F.G. (1963). Observations on Cavitation Damage in a Flowing System, Journal of Basic Engineering, 85 (3), pp. 347–356. Hansen, B. W. & Rasmussen, R. E. H. (1968). Cavitation Damage Experiments in a Rotating Disk Apparatus Especially with Regard to the Gas Content of Water, Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 12, pp. 83–88. Hart, D. & Whale, D. (2007). A review of cavitation-erosion resistance weld surfacing alloys for hydroturbines", Eutectic Cast. Pty. Ltd., 15-30. Hattori, S., Hirose, T. & Sugiyama, K. (2009). Prediction method for cavitation erosion based on measurement of bubble collapse impact loads, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 147. He, J. & Hammitt, F. G. (1982). Comparision of cavitation erosion test results from venturi and vibratory facilities", Wear, Vol. 76, pp. 269–292. Hutli, E., Nedeljkovic, M. S. & Bonyár, A. (2018). Cavitating Flow Characteristics, Cavity Potential and Iwai, Y. & Okada, Y. (1987). Cavitation Erosion Induced by Rotating Disk Apparatus, In Lecture Note of the Fifth Cavitation Symposium in Japan, 93–100. Kinetic Energy, Void Fraction and Geometrical Parameters-Analytical and Theoretical Study Validated by Experimental Investigations, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 117: pp. 873-886. Kang, C. Liu, H., & Soyama, H. (2018). Estimation of aggressive intensity of a cavitating jet with multiple experimental methods, Wear, 394–395, 176–186. Laguna-Camachoa, J. R., Lewis, R., Vite-Torres, M., & Mendez-Mendez, J. V. (2013). A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, Vol. 301, pp. 467–476. Lichtarowicz, A. (1972). Use of a simple cavitating nozzle for cavitation erosion testing and cutting, Nature Physical Science, Vol .239 (9), pp.63. Lichtarowicz, A. (1979. Cavitating jet apparatus for cavitation erosion testing, A.S.T.M. STP, Vol. 664 pp. 518. Lightman, J. Z., Kallas, D. H., Chatten, C. K. & Cochran, E. P. (1961). Cavitation Erosion of Structural Materials and Coatings", Corrosion, Vol. 17, pp. 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/abs/10.5006/0010-9312- 17.10.119 Lichtman, J. Z. & Weingram, E. R. (1964). The Use of a Rotating Disk Apparatus in Determining Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Materials, In ASME Symposium on Cavitation Research Facilities and Techniques, 185–196. Momma, T. (1991), Cavitation Loading and Erosion Produced by a Cavitating Jet, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nottingham. Momma, T. & Lichtarowicz, A. (1995). A study of Pressures and Erosion Produced by Collapsing Cavitation, Wear, Vol. 186-187, pp. 425-436. Mottyll, S. & Skoda R. (2016). Numerical 3D flow simulation of ultrasonic horns with attached, cavitation structures and assessment of flow aggressiveness and cavitation erosion sensitive wall zones, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 31, pp. 570–589. Peng, C., Tian, S. & Li, G. (2018). Joint Experiments of Cavitation Jet: High-speed Visualization and Erosion Test, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 149, pp. 1-13. Plesset, M. S., & Prosperetti, A. (1977). "Bubble dynamics and cavitation", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, pp. 145–187. Rao, P. V. & Rao, B. C. S. (1981). Some Erosion Studies and Scale Effects with Rotating Disk Device, In ASME Symposium on Cavitation Erosion in Fluid Systems, 119–131. Rao, P. V., Rao, B. C. S. & Rao, N. S. L. (1980). Erosion and Cavity Characteristics in Rotating Components", Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 8, pp. 127–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JTE10609J Rao, P. V. & Buckley, D.H. (1987). Unified Empirical Relations For Cavitation And Liquid Impingement Erosion Processes", Wear, Vol.120, pp. 253–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(87)90022-6 Rashed, M. K., Abdulbari, H. A., Salled, M. A. & Ismail, M. H. (2016). Rotating disc apparatus: types, developments and future applications, Modern Applied Science, Vol. 10, pp. 198-229. Shima, A., Tomaru, H., Ihara, A. & Miura, N. (1992). Cavitation damage study with a rotating disk at the high peripheral velocities", Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 30(4), pp. 521–538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689209498898 Soyama, H. & Asahara, M. (1999). Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of a Carbon Steel Surface by a Cavitating Jet, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 18 (23), pp. 1953-1955. Soyama, H. & Kumano, H. (2002). The Fundamental Threshold Level—a New Parameter for Predicting Cavitation Erosion Resistance", Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 30 (5). Soyama, H. (2013). Effect of nozzle geometry on a standard cavitation erosion test using a cavitating jet, Wear, Vol. 297, pp. 895-902. Sreedhar, B. K. Albert, S. K. & Pandit, A. B. (2017). Cavitation damage: Theory and measurements – A review, Wear, 372-373, pp. 177–196. SVA, (2019). Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt Potsdam, URL: https://www.sva-potsdam.de/en/cavitationtunnel/, (Erişim zamanı; 5 Kasım, 2019). Taillon, G., Pougoum, F., Lavigne, S., Ton-That, L., Schulz, R., Bousser, E., Savoie, S., Martin, L. & Sapieha, J. E. K. (2016). Cavitation erosion mechanisms in stainless steels and incomposite metal–ceramic HVOF coatings, Wear, Vol. 364-365, pp. 201–210. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı, Savunma Sanayii Başkanlığı (SSB). 2019. Türk Savunma Sanayii Ürün Kataloğu. URL: https://www.ssb.gov.tr, (Erişim zamanı; 10 Aralık, 2019). Tukker, J. & Kuiper, G. (2004). High-speed video observations and erosive cavitation, PRADS 2004, Luebeck-Travemuende, 941–948. Usta, O. (2018). Gemi Pervanelerinde Kavitasyon ve Kavitasyon Erozyonu Modellemesi, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gemi İnşaatı ve Gemi Mak. Müh. ABD, Doktora Tezi. Usta, O., Koksal, Ç. S., Aktas, B., Fitzsimmons, P., Atlar, M. & Korkut, E. (2017). An Experimental Study to Detect Cavitation Erosion for Different Coated Surfaces, The 5th International Conference on Advanced Model Measurement Technology for The Maritime Industry (AMT’17), Glasgow. Vallier, A. (2013). Simulations of cavitation – from the large vapour structures to the small bubble dynamics, Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, Lund University, Sweden. Vatankhah, C., Jafargholinejad, S. & Mozaffarinia, R. (2011). Experimental Investigation on Drag Reduction Performance of Two Kind of Polymeric Coatings with Rotating Disk Apparatus, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5(4), pp. 143-148. Wood, G. M., Kundsen, L. K. & Hammitt, F. G. (1967). Cavitation Damage Studies with Rotating Disk in Water, Journal of Basic Engineering ASME, Vol. 89, pp. 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3609577 Yamaguchi, A. & Shimizu, S. (1987). Erosion due to impingement of cavitating jet, Trans.A.S.M.E. J.Ruid Eng. Vol.109 (4), pp.442. Zhou, Y. K. & Hammitt, F. G. (1963). Cavitation erosion incubation period, Wear, Vol. 86 (2), pp. 299– 313.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Usta This is me

Publication Date December 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 216

Cite

APA Usta, O. (2019). Hızlandırılmış Erozyon Testleriyle Malzemelerin Kavitasyon Erozyonu Özelliklerinin İncelemesi. Gemi Ve Deniz Teknolojisi(216), 32-49.