Yeni Kuşaklar, Eski Zorluklar: Afrika Boynuzundaki Kırsal Gelişmenin Sorgulanması

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 14, 83 - 110, 01.01.2018

Abdulaziz Dino Gidreta

Abstract

Afrika Boyunuzu dünyanın en genç nüfusa en sahipliği yapan bölgelerden biridir. Etiyopya’da yirmi beş yaş altındakiler nüfusun %65’ini oluşturmaktadır. İşte bu durumda, bölgedeki sosyal gelişme ile ilgili ortak endişeler ve önerilerin gençleri merkez alması gerekmektedir. İşte bu durumda, sosyal gelişme ile ilgili endişeler ve öneriler bölgenin nüfusu ortaya koyması mecburundadır. Millennium Kalkınma Hedefleri’nin MDG teşvik etmesi ile, kalkınmakta olan ülkelerdeki genç kuşağın yaşamlarında bir noktaya kadar görünebilir gelişmeler ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak konu Afrika Boynuzu’na geldiğinde, ulusal ve uluslararası gelişim raporları bölgedeki sıradan insanlara ait günlük hayatın zorluklarına dair hikayeleri ile sıklıkla karşı karşıya gelmektedir. Bölgede var olan değişimler hakkında genel fikir birliği olmasına rağmen, konu marjinalleşmiş topluluklardaki değişikliklere gelindiğinde çıkarımsal fikir ayrılıkları da mevcuttur. Bu makale kırsal Afrika Boynuzu’ndaki toplumsal gelişme seviyesini Etiyopya’daki üç kırsal bölgedeki yaşam güçlüklerini göstererek sorgulamayı amaçlar. Eğitim, sağlık, tarım ve çevrenin korunmasına dair sınırlamaları ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, kırsal bölge sakinleri, kalkınma ajansları, halk sağlığı çalışanları ve yerel yöneticileri kapsayan bir dizi derinlemesine mülakat görüşmesi ve odak-grup tartışmaları yoluyla yürütülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, bölgedeki gelişme sıkıntıları raporlarda ölçüldüğünden daha derindir. Makale Afrika Boynuzu’ndaki uzak kırsal topluluklara politik dikkat ve müdahaleye dikkat çekmektedir

Keywords

İnsani gelişme, Afrika Boynuzu, Marjinalleşmiş Topluluklar, Genç Kuşak

New Generations, Old Challenges: Questioning Grassroots Development in the Horn of Africa

Abstract

The Horn of Africa HOA is home to one of the youngest population in the world. In Ethiopia, the youth under the age of 25 constitutes 65% of the total population. And, population size and land area coverage in the rural HOA makes more than three quarters of each nation’s entire population and land. In this context, one can assume that common concerns and projections over development in the HOA would be about a development for the new generation, and in the rural. Provoked by the Millennium Development Goals MDG’s , to some extent, there have been tangible improvements in lives of the new generation in developing countries. Yet, when it comes to HOA, national or international development reports have been very often challenged by the emergent but disregarded narratives of general life unease, specially to the grassroots community. No matter how we notice collective opinion convergences concerning substantial progresses in the region, there have also been inferential divergences when it comes to changes towards the marginalized grassroots communities. Literally, this article attempts to question the goal of development, by exploring the context of human development in the region. It attempts to unveil the depth of life unease in three rural neighborhoods in Ethiopia. Health and sanitation, education, agriculture and environmental conservation constraints are addressed. The article is informed by series of in-depth interviews and Focused Group Discussions FGDs involving the very rural residents, Development Agents DA’s , Health Extension Workers HEWs and local administrators. As a result, it is revealed that, developmental challenges in the rural neighborhoods are far worse than what has normally been quantified. The article urges policy attention and interventions

Keywords

Horn of Africa, Grassroots Development, Marginalized Communities, New Generation

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