Research Article
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The Hidden Danger in Virtual Environments: Online Child Exploitation

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 36, 62 - 83, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1616031

Abstract

Online child abuse is a growing problem due to the widespread use of social media and chat rooms. In addition, online abusers are increasingly employing new tactics. Online child abuse is the process by which a social relationship that begins on virtual platforms is forced into an inappropriate sexual relationship through the use of sexually explicit messages and images. Online child abuse is a worldewide problem, yet there is a little awareness among field workers, educators and parents. The current study aims to thematically evaluate the concept of online child abuse. The study covers the definition of online child abuse, risk and protective factors, consequences, abuser profiles, models of the online abuse process, measurement of online child abuse and prevention and intervention strategies. The research findings were analyzed in relation to the existing literature and recommendations were proposed.

Project Number

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References

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  • Ioannou, M., Synnott, J., Reynolds, A. ve Pearson, J. (2018). A comparison of online and offline grooming characteristics: An application of the victim roles model. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.011
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  • Joleby, M., Lunde, C., Landström, S. ve Jonsson, L. S. (2021). Offender strategies for engaging children in online sexual activity. Child Abuse & Neglect, 120, 105214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105214
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Sanal Ortamlardaki Gizli Tehlike: Çevrim İçi Çocuk İstismarı

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 36, 62 - 83, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1616031

Abstract

Sosyal medyanın ve sohbet odalarının kullanılmasıyla birlikte çevrimiçi çocuk istismarı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Ayrıca gün geçtikçe çevrim içi istismarcılar yeni stratejiler kullanmaktadırlar. Çevrim içi çocuk istismarı, sanal platformlarda istismarcı ile mağdur arasında başlayan sosyal ilişkinin cinsel içerikli mesaj ve görsellerle tehdit ettiği uygunsuz bir cinsel ilişkiye zorlandığı süreçtir. Çevrim içi çocuk istismarı küresel bir problem olmasına rağmen alan çalışanlarının, eğitimcilerin ve ebeveynlerin bu olguyla ilgili farkındalık düzeyleri düşüktür. Bu çalışmanın amacı çevrim içi çocuk istismarı kavramının tematik değerlendirilmesinin yapılmasıdır. Bu derlemede çevrim içi çocuk istismarı kavramının tanımı, risk faktörleri, koruyucu faktörler, sonuçları, istismarcıların profili, çevrim içi istismar süreci modelleri, çevrim içi çocuk istismarının ölçülmesi, önleme ve müdahale stratejileri konularına yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Ethical Statement

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Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • Akbaş, S. Y. (2023). Online grooming: Çocuk ve ergenlerde çevrimiçi istismar yaşantıları [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ordu Üniversitesi.
  • Aktu, Y. (2024a). Çevrimiçi Çocuk İstismarı Riski Ölçeği’nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi,(62), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1431239
  • Aktu, Y. (2024b). Self-esteem, family support and online grooming risk among adolescents: The role of problematic ınternet usage. Child Abuse Review, 33(6), e70007. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70007
  • Aktu, Y. ve Dilekmen, M. (2021). Çocuk İstismarına İlişkin Bilişler Ölçeği: Ebeveyn formu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13(Ek 1), 388-404. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.995589
  • Batool, S. (2020). Exploring vulnerability among children and young people who experience online sexual victimisation [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire. https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/34898/?template=default_internal adresinden 20.05.2025 tarihinde erişim sağlanmıştır.
  • Bayrak, N. G. (2022). Sanal platformlarda çocukları bekleyen tehlike: “Çevrimiçi cinsel istismar”. Doğu Karadeniz Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(3), 48-57.
  • Borj, P. R., Raja, K. ve Bours, P. (2023). Online grooming detection: A comprehensive survey of child exploitation in chat logs. Knowledge-Based Systems, 259, 110039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2022.110039
  • Budrionis, R. ve Jongsma Jr., A. E. (2015). The sexual abuse victim and sexual offender treatment planner, with DSM 5 updates. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Calvete, E., Orue, I. ve Gámez-Guadi, M. (2022). A preventive intervention to reduce risk of online grooming among adolescents. Psychosocial Intervention, 31(3), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2022a14
  • Can, N. (2022). Çocuğun sanal cinsel istismarı. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 50, 115-138. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1093111
  • DeMarco, J. N., Cheevers, C., Davidson, J., Bogaerts, S., Pace, U., Aiken, M., Caretti, V., Schimmenti, A. ve Bifulco, A. (2017). Digital dangers and cyber-victimisation: a study of European adolescent online risky behaviour for sexual exploitation. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14(1), 104-112. https://repository.uel.ac.uk/item/84x42 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2025).
  • Elliott, I. A. (2017). A self-regulation model of sexual grooming. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015591573
  • Feather, J. S. ve Ronan, K. R. (2010). Cognitive behavioural therapy for child trauma and abuse: A step-by-step approach. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Fernandes, G., Fernandes, M., Vaidya, N., De Souza, P., Plotnikova, E., Geddes, R., Holla, B., Sharma, E., Benegal, V. ve Choudhry, V. (2021). Prevalence of child maltreatment in India and its association with gender, urbanisation and policy: A rapid review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open, 11(8), e044983. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044983
  • Fırat, S. (2023). Cinsel istismara yol açan dijital kaynakli eylemler: Siber uşaklaştırma. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 28(3), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.1675
  • Filistrucchi, P., Bucarelli, P., Aversa, G. ve Bianchi, D. (2023). Giving voice to the survivors of childhood institutional abuse. Roth, M., Alfandari, R. ve Crous, G. (Ed.), Participatory research on child maltreatment with children and adult survivors (ss. 263-276) içinde. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-526-220231017
  • Gámez-Guadix, M., Almendros, C., Calvete, E. ve De Santisteban, P. (2018). Persuasion strategies and sexual solicitations and interactions in online sexual grooming of adolescents: Modeling direct and indirect pathways. Journal of Adolescence, 63, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.002
  • Gottschalk, P. (2011). Characteristics of the internet and child abuse. J. Davidson ve P. Gottschalk (Ed.), Internet child abuse: Current research and policy (ss. 27–51) içinde. Routledge.
  • Gönültaş, B. M. ve Sarıçam, H. (2021). The scale of knowledge and awareness about child molesters (Kacms): Validity and reliability study. Turkish Journal of Applied Social Work, 4(2), 116-126. https://doi.org/10.54467/trjasw.1021951
  • Hussain, N. M. ve Ismail, N. (2021). Young people’s WeChat use that heightens online grooming vulnerability. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 1, 1-17. https://fslmjournals.taylors.edu.my/search/ 20.05.2025 tarihinde erişim sağlandı.
  • Ioannou, M., Synnott, J., Reynolds, A. ve Pearson, J. (2018). A comparison of online and offline grooming characteristics: An application of the victim roles model. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.011
  • Jeglic, E. L., Winters, G. M. ve Johnson, B. N. (2023). Identification of red flag child sexual grooming behaviors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 136, 105998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105998
  • Jeney, P. (2015). Combatting child sexual abuse online. European Parliament: Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/ etudes/STUD/2015/536481/IPOL_STU(2015)536481_EN.pdf adresinden 20.05.2025 tarihinden erişim sağlandı.
  • Joleby, M., Lunde, C., Landström, S. ve Jonsson, L. S. (2021). Offender strategies for engaging children in online sexual activity. Child Abuse & Neglect, 120, 105214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105214
  • Kamar, E., Maimon, D., Weisburd, D. ve Shabat, D. (2022). Parental guardianship and online sexual grooming of teenagers: A honeypot experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 137, 107386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107386
  • Kara Özçalık, C. ve Atakoğlu, R. (2021). Çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarı: Yaygınlık, mağdur ve suçlu özellikleri. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 12(1), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2020.30643
  • Kloess, J. A., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E. ve Beech, A. R. (2019). Offense processes of online sexual grooming and abuse of children via internet communication platforms. Sexual Abuse, 31(1), 73-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063217720927
  • Koçtürk, N., Cankardaş, S., Sofuoğlu, Z. ve Ulukol, B. (2023). Cultural factors affecting the participation in research of children victims of child abuse and neglect: The case of Turkey. Roth, M., Alfandari, R. and Crous, G. (Ed.), Participatory research on child maltreatment with children and adult survivors (ss. 83-98) içinde. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-526-220231006
  • Kopecký, K. ve Szotkowski, R. (2018). Sexting in the population of children and its risks: A quantitative study. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 12(2), 376-391. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3365620
  • Lally, L., Webb, I. ve Quayle, E. (2024). Risk factors as indicators for online child sexual abuse: A systematic review. Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies, 24(2), 6. https://doi.org/10.21427/4m9y-kd24
  • Lorenzo-Dus, N., Izura, C. ve Pérez-Tattam, R. (2016). Understanding grooming discourse in computer-mediated environments. Discourse, Context & Media, 12, 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2016.02.004
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Trauma Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yahya Aktu 0000-0002-5540-7399

Project Number -
Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date January 9, 2025
Acceptance Date April 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 36

Cite

APA Aktu, Y. (2025). Sanal Ortamlardaki Gizli Tehlike: Çevrim İçi Çocuk İstismarı. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(36), 62-83. https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1616031

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