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2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 35 - 47, 15.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.331208

Abstract

Çalışmada,
orta enlem bölgesinde 2016 yılında meydana gelen büyüklüğü 7’den yüksek 6
depremin deprem öncesi, deprem günü ve deprem sonrası olmak üzere 15 günlük
zaman aralığında
iyonküre değişimleri
CODE-GIM’den elde edilen deprem dış merkezine ait toplam elektron içeriği (TEİ)
değerleri ile incelenmiştir. İyonkürede meydana gelen aykırılıkları ve anormal
günleri belirlemek amacıyla çeyrek açıklık tabanlı kayan ortanca yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. 15 günlük dönemde elde edilen TEİ değerlerinden üst ve alt
sınırı geçen zaman aralıkları sırasıyla pozitif ve negatif anormal gün olarak
belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen anormal günlerdeki aykırılıkların sismik kaynaklı
olduğu düşüncesini güçlendirmek amacıyla iyonküre uzay iklim koşullarını temsil
eden Dst, Kp jeomanyetik ve F10.7 güneşsel indisleri ilgili zaman aralıklarında
incelenmiştir. Hareketli ve sakin günler belirlenerek sakin günlere denk gelen aykırılıkların
sismik kaynaklı olabileceği ön planda tutulmuştur. 6 depremin 5’inde deprem öncesi
aykırılıklara rastlanmıştır. Buna göre başarı oranı %80’dir. İlgili günlerdeki iyonküre
uzay iklim koşullarının sakin olmasında dolayı belirlenen aykırılıkların sismik
kaynaklı olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Afraimovich, E.L., Astafieva, E.I., Gokhberg, M.B., Lapshin, V.M., Permyakova, V.E., Steblov, G.M., Shalimov, S.L. (2004). Variations of the total electron content in the ionosphere from variations of the total electron content in the ionosphere from GPS data recorded during the Hector Mine earthquake of October 16, 1999, California. Russian J. Earth Sci., 6(5), 339-354.
  • Antsilevich, M. G. (1971). The influence of Tashkent earthquake on the earth's magnetic field and the ionosphere, Tashkent earthquake 26 April 1966. FAN Publ., 187-188.
  • Arıkan, F., Deviren, M.N., Lenk, O., Sezen, U., Arıkan O. (2012). Observed Ionospheric Effects of 23 October 2011 Van, Turkey Earthquake. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 3(1), 1-8.
  • Calais, E., Minster, J.B. (1995). GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(9), 1045-1048.
  • Ciraolo, L., Azpilicueta, F., Brunini, C., Meza, A., Radicella, S.M. (2007). Calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with GPS. J. Geod., 81(2), 111-120.
  • Datchenko, E.A., Ulomov, V.I., Chernyshova, C.P. (1972). Electron density anomalies as the possible precursor of Tashkent earthquake, Dokl. Uzbek. Acad. Sci., 12, 30-32.
  • Davies, K., Baker, D.M. (1965). Ionospheric effects observed around the time of the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964. J. Geophys. Res., 70(9), 2251-2253.
  • Dogan, U., Ergintav, S., Skone, S., Arslan, N., Oz, D. (2011). Monitoring of the ionosphere TEC variations during the 17th August 1999 Izmit earthquake using GPS data. Earth Planets Space, 63(12), 1183-1192.
  • Forbes, J.M., Palo, S.E., Zhang, X. (2000). Variability of the ionosphere. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62(8), 685-693.
  • Gokhberg, M.B. (1983). Strong acoustic wave action. ESA Special Publication, 195, 99-110.
  • Hayakawa, M., Fujinawa, Y. (Eds.) (1994). Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Predication. Terra Sci. Pub. Co., Tokyo, 667.
  • Hayakawa, M., Molchanov, O.A. (Eds.) (2002). Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 477.
  • Hayakawa, M., Kasahara, Y., Nakamura, T., Muto, F., Horie, T., Maekawa, S., Hobara, Y., Rozhnoi, A.A., Solovieva, M., Molchanov, O.A. (2010). A statistical study on the correlation between lower ionospheric perturbations as seen by subionospheric VLF/LF propagation and earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res., 115, A09305.
  • Hsiao, C.C., Liu, J.Y., Oyama, K.I., Yen, N.L., Liou, Y.A., Chen, S.S., Miau, J.J. (2010). Seismo-ionospheric precursor of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC. GPS Solution, 14(1), 83-89.
  • Hunsucker R.D., Hargreaves J.K. (2003). The High-Latitude Ionosphere and Its Effects on Radio Propagation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Kaladze, T.D., Pokhotelov, O.A., Shah, H.A., Khan, M.I., Stenflo, L. (2008). Acoustic-gravity waves in the Earth's ionosphere. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 70(13), 1607-1616.
  • Klimenko, M.V., Klimenko, V.V., Karpov, I.V., Zakharenkova, I.E. (2011). Modeling of seismoionospheric effects initiated by internal gravity waves. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 30(5), 41-49.
  • Le, H., Liu, J.Y., Liu, L. (2011). A statistical analysis of ionospheric anomalies before 736 M6.0+ earthquakes during 2002-2010. J. Geophys. Res. A: Space Phys., 116, A02303.
  • Leonard, R.S., Barnes, R.A. (1965). Observation of ionospheric disturbances following the Alaskan earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 70(5), 1250-1253.
  • Liu Z., Gao Y. (2004). Ionospheric TEC predictions over a local area GPS reference network, GPS Solutions. 8(1), 23-29.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chuo, Y.J., Shan, S.J., Tsai, Y.B., Chen, Y.I., Pulinets, S.A., Yu, S.B. (2004). Pre-earthquake-ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements. Ann. Geophys., 22(5), 1585-1593.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chen, Y.I., Chuo, Y.J., Chen, C.S. (2006). A statistical investigation of preearthquake ionospheric anomaly. J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05304.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chen, Y.I., Chen, C.H., Liu, C.Y., Chen, C.Y., Nishihashi, M., Li, J.Z., Xia, Y.Q., Oyama, K.I., Hattori, K., Lin, C.H. (2009). Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. J. Geophys. Res., 114, A04320.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chen, C.H., Chen, Y.I., Yang, W.H., Oyama, K.I., Kuo, K.W. (2010). A statistical study of ionospheric earthquake precursors monitored by using equatorial ionization anomaly of GPS TEC in Taiwan during 2001-2007. J. Asian Earth Sci., 39(1), 76-80.
  • Menvielle M. (2001). The Geomagnetic Indices: Derivation, Meaning, and Availability, Space Weather Workshop: Looking Towards a Future European Space Weather Programme, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 17-19 September 2001.
  • Ouzounov, D., Pulinets, S., Romanov, A., Romanov, A., Tsybulya, K., Davidenko, D., Kafatos, M., Taylor, P. (2011). Atmosphere-ionosphere response to the M9 Tohoku earthquake revealed by multi instrument space-borne and ground observations: Preliminary results. Earthq Sci, 24(6), 557-564.
  • Parrot, M. (2012). Statistical analysis of automatically detected ion density variations recorded by DEMETER and their relation to seismic activity. Ann. Geophys., 55(1), 149-155.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Legen'Ka, A.D., Gaivoronskaya, T.V., Depuev, V.K. (2003). Main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 65(16), 1337-1347.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Boyarchuk, K.A. (2004). Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes, Springer, Berlin.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Ouzounov, D., Karelin, A.V., Boyarchuk, K.A., Pokhmelnykh, L.A. (2006). The physical nature of thermal anomalies observed before strong earthquakes. Phys. Chem. Earth., 31(4), 143-153.
  • Pulinets, S.A. (2009). Physical mechanism of the vertical electric field generation over active tectonic fault. Adv. Space Res., 44(6), 767-773.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Bondur, V.G., Tsidilina, M.N., Gaponova, M.V. (2010). Verification of the concept of seismoionospheric coupling under quiet heliogeomagnetic conditions, using the Wenchuan (China) earthquake of May 12, 2008, as an example. Geomagn. Aeron., 50(2), 231-242.
  • Rozhnoi, A., Solovieva, M., Molchanov, O., Biagi, P.F., Hayakawa, M. (2007). Observation evidences of atmospheric Gravity Waves induced by seismic activity from analysis of subionospheric LF signal spectra. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 7(5), 625-628.
  • Sarkar, S., Gwal, A.K. (2010). Satellite monitoring of anomalous effects in the ionosphere related to the great Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Nat. Hazards, 55(2), 321-332.
  • Schaer, S., Gurtner, W., Feltens, J. (1998). IONEX: The ionosphere map exchange format version 1. In Proceedings of the IGS AC workshop, Darmstadt, Germany (Vol. 9, No. 11).
  • Sorokin, V.M., Chmyrev, V.M., Yaschenko, A.K. (2006). Possible DC electric field in the ionosphere related to seismicity. Adv. Space Res., 37(4), 666-670.
  • Toutain, J.P., Baubron, J.C. (1998). Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics: A review. Tectonophysics, 304(1), 1-27.
  • Tsolis, G.S., Xenos, T.D. (2010). A qualitative study of the seismo-ionospheric precursor prior to the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10(1), 133-137.
  • Weaver, P.F., Yuen, P.C., Prolss, G.W., Furumoto, A.S. (1970). Acoustic coupling into the ionosphere from seismic waves of the earthquake at Kurile Islands on August 11, 1969. Nature, 226(5252), 1239-1241.
  • Xia, C., Yang, S., Xu, G., Zhao, B., Yu, T. (2011). Ionospheric anomalies observed by GPS TEC prior to the Qinghai-Tibet region earthquakes. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 22(2), 177-185.
  • Xu, T., Hu, Y., Wu, J., Wu, Z., Li, C., Xu, Z., Suo, Y. (2011). Anomalous enhancement of electric field derived from ionosonde data before the great Wenchuan earthquake. J. Adv. Space Res., 47(6), 1001-1005.
  • Zakharenkova, I.E., Shagimuratov, I.I., Tepenitzina, N.Y., Krankowski, A. (2008). Anomalous modification of the ionospheric total electron content prior to the 26 September 2005 Peru earthquake. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 70(15), 1919-1928.
Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 35 - 47, 15.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.331208

Abstract

References

  • Afraimovich, E.L., Astafieva, E.I., Gokhberg, M.B., Lapshin, V.M., Permyakova, V.E., Steblov, G.M., Shalimov, S.L. (2004). Variations of the total electron content in the ionosphere from variations of the total electron content in the ionosphere from GPS data recorded during the Hector Mine earthquake of October 16, 1999, California. Russian J. Earth Sci., 6(5), 339-354.
  • Antsilevich, M. G. (1971). The influence of Tashkent earthquake on the earth's magnetic field and the ionosphere, Tashkent earthquake 26 April 1966. FAN Publ., 187-188.
  • Arıkan, F., Deviren, M.N., Lenk, O., Sezen, U., Arıkan O. (2012). Observed Ionospheric Effects of 23 October 2011 Van, Turkey Earthquake. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 3(1), 1-8.
  • Calais, E., Minster, J.B. (1995). GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(9), 1045-1048.
  • Ciraolo, L., Azpilicueta, F., Brunini, C., Meza, A., Radicella, S.M. (2007). Calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with GPS. J. Geod., 81(2), 111-120.
  • Datchenko, E.A., Ulomov, V.I., Chernyshova, C.P. (1972). Electron density anomalies as the possible precursor of Tashkent earthquake, Dokl. Uzbek. Acad. Sci., 12, 30-32.
  • Davies, K., Baker, D.M. (1965). Ionospheric effects observed around the time of the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964. J. Geophys. Res., 70(9), 2251-2253.
  • Dogan, U., Ergintav, S., Skone, S., Arslan, N., Oz, D. (2011). Monitoring of the ionosphere TEC variations during the 17th August 1999 Izmit earthquake using GPS data. Earth Planets Space, 63(12), 1183-1192.
  • Forbes, J.M., Palo, S.E., Zhang, X. (2000). Variability of the ionosphere. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62(8), 685-693.
  • Gokhberg, M.B. (1983). Strong acoustic wave action. ESA Special Publication, 195, 99-110.
  • Hayakawa, M., Fujinawa, Y. (Eds.) (1994). Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Predication. Terra Sci. Pub. Co., Tokyo, 667.
  • Hayakawa, M., Molchanov, O.A. (Eds.) (2002). Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 477.
  • Hayakawa, M., Kasahara, Y., Nakamura, T., Muto, F., Horie, T., Maekawa, S., Hobara, Y., Rozhnoi, A.A., Solovieva, M., Molchanov, O.A. (2010). A statistical study on the correlation between lower ionospheric perturbations as seen by subionospheric VLF/LF propagation and earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res., 115, A09305.
  • Hsiao, C.C., Liu, J.Y., Oyama, K.I., Yen, N.L., Liou, Y.A., Chen, S.S., Miau, J.J. (2010). Seismo-ionospheric precursor of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC. GPS Solution, 14(1), 83-89.
  • Hunsucker R.D., Hargreaves J.K. (2003). The High-Latitude Ionosphere and Its Effects on Radio Propagation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Kaladze, T.D., Pokhotelov, O.A., Shah, H.A., Khan, M.I., Stenflo, L. (2008). Acoustic-gravity waves in the Earth's ionosphere. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 70(13), 1607-1616.
  • Klimenko, M.V., Klimenko, V.V., Karpov, I.V., Zakharenkova, I.E. (2011). Modeling of seismoionospheric effects initiated by internal gravity waves. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 30(5), 41-49.
  • Le, H., Liu, J.Y., Liu, L. (2011). A statistical analysis of ionospheric anomalies before 736 M6.0+ earthquakes during 2002-2010. J. Geophys. Res. A: Space Phys., 116, A02303.
  • Leonard, R.S., Barnes, R.A. (1965). Observation of ionospheric disturbances following the Alaskan earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 70(5), 1250-1253.
  • Liu Z., Gao Y. (2004). Ionospheric TEC predictions over a local area GPS reference network, GPS Solutions. 8(1), 23-29.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chuo, Y.J., Shan, S.J., Tsai, Y.B., Chen, Y.I., Pulinets, S.A., Yu, S.B. (2004). Pre-earthquake-ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements. Ann. Geophys., 22(5), 1585-1593.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chen, Y.I., Chuo, Y.J., Chen, C.S. (2006). A statistical investigation of preearthquake ionospheric anomaly. J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05304.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chen, Y.I., Chen, C.H., Liu, C.Y., Chen, C.Y., Nishihashi, M., Li, J.Z., Xia, Y.Q., Oyama, K.I., Hattori, K., Lin, C.H. (2009). Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. J. Geophys. Res., 114, A04320.
  • Liu, J.Y., Chen, C.H., Chen, Y.I., Yang, W.H., Oyama, K.I., Kuo, K.W. (2010). A statistical study of ionospheric earthquake precursors monitored by using equatorial ionization anomaly of GPS TEC in Taiwan during 2001-2007. J. Asian Earth Sci., 39(1), 76-80.
  • Menvielle M. (2001). The Geomagnetic Indices: Derivation, Meaning, and Availability, Space Weather Workshop: Looking Towards a Future European Space Weather Programme, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 17-19 September 2001.
  • Ouzounov, D., Pulinets, S., Romanov, A., Romanov, A., Tsybulya, K., Davidenko, D., Kafatos, M., Taylor, P. (2011). Atmosphere-ionosphere response to the M9 Tohoku earthquake revealed by multi instrument space-borne and ground observations: Preliminary results. Earthq Sci, 24(6), 557-564.
  • Parrot, M. (2012). Statistical analysis of automatically detected ion density variations recorded by DEMETER and their relation to seismic activity. Ann. Geophys., 55(1), 149-155.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Legen'Ka, A.D., Gaivoronskaya, T.V., Depuev, V.K. (2003). Main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 65(16), 1337-1347.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Boyarchuk, K.A. (2004). Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes, Springer, Berlin.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Ouzounov, D., Karelin, A.V., Boyarchuk, K.A., Pokhmelnykh, L.A. (2006). The physical nature of thermal anomalies observed before strong earthquakes. Phys. Chem. Earth., 31(4), 143-153.
  • Pulinets, S.A. (2009). Physical mechanism of the vertical electric field generation over active tectonic fault. Adv. Space Res., 44(6), 767-773.
  • Pulinets, S.A., Bondur, V.G., Tsidilina, M.N., Gaponova, M.V. (2010). Verification of the concept of seismoionospheric coupling under quiet heliogeomagnetic conditions, using the Wenchuan (China) earthquake of May 12, 2008, as an example. Geomagn. Aeron., 50(2), 231-242.
  • Rozhnoi, A., Solovieva, M., Molchanov, O., Biagi, P.F., Hayakawa, M. (2007). Observation evidences of atmospheric Gravity Waves induced by seismic activity from analysis of subionospheric LF signal spectra. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 7(5), 625-628.
  • Sarkar, S., Gwal, A.K. (2010). Satellite monitoring of anomalous effects in the ionosphere related to the great Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Nat. Hazards, 55(2), 321-332.
  • Schaer, S., Gurtner, W., Feltens, J. (1998). IONEX: The ionosphere map exchange format version 1. In Proceedings of the IGS AC workshop, Darmstadt, Germany (Vol. 9, No. 11).
  • Sorokin, V.M., Chmyrev, V.M., Yaschenko, A.K. (2006). Possible DC electric field in the ionosphere related to seismicity. Adv. Space Res., 37(4), 666-670.
  • Toutain, J.P., Baubron, J.C. (1998). Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics: A review. Tectonophysics, 304(1), 1-27.
  • Tsolis, G.S., Xenos, T.D. (2010). A qualitative study of the seismo-ionospheric precursor prior to the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10(1), 133-137.
  • Weaver, P.F., Yuen, P.C., Prolss, G.W., Furumoto, A.S. (1970). Acoustic coupling into the ionosphere from seismic waves of the earthquake at Kurile Islands on August 11, 1969. Nature, 226(5252), 1239-1241.
  • Xia, C., Yang, S., Xu, G., Zhao, B., Yu, T. (2011). Ionospheric anomalies observed by GPS TEC prior to the Qinghai-Tibet region earthquakes. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 22(2), 177-185.
  • Xu, T., Hu, Y., Wu, J., Wu, Z., Li, C., Xu, Z., Suo, Y. (2011). Anomalous enhancement of electric field derived from ionosonde data before the great Wenchuan earthquake. J. Adv. Space Res., 47(6), 1001-1005.
  • Zakharenkova, I.E., Shagimuratov, I.I., Tepenitzina, N.Y., Krankowski, A. (2008). Anomalous modification of the ionospheric total electron content prior to the 26 September 2005 Peru earthquake. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 70(15), 1919-1928.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Erman Şentürk 0000-0002-0833-7113

Murat Selim Çepni

Publication Date April 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şentürk, E., & Çepni, M. S. (2018). 2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. Geomatik, 3(1), 35-47. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.331208
AMA Şentürk E, Çepni MS. 2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. Geomatik. April 2018;3(1):35-47. doi:10.29128/geomatik.331208
Chicago Şentürk, Erman, and Murat Selim Çepni. “2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi”. Geomatik 3, no. 1 (April 2018): 35-47. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.331208.
EndNote Şentürk E, Çepni MS (April 1, 2018) 2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. Geomatik 3 1 35–47.
IEEE E. Şentürk and M. S. Çepni, “2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi”, Geomatik, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 35–47, 2018, doi: 10.29128/geomatik.331208.
ISNAD Şentürk, Erman - Çepni, Murat Selim. “2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi”. Geomatik 3/1 (April 2018), 35-47. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.331208.
JAMA Şentürk E, Çepni MS. 2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. Geomatik. 2018;3:35–47.
MLA Şentürk, Erman and Murat Selim Çepni. “2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi”. Geomatik, vol. 3, no. 1, 2018, pp. 35-47, doi:10.29128/geomatik.331208.
Vancouver Şentürk E, Çepni MS. 2016 Yılı 6 Mw ≥ 7.0 Depremin İyonküre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. Geomatik. 2018;3(1):35-47.