DInSAR ve MT-DInSAR Teknolojileri ile Afet Erken Uyarı, Tespit, İzleme ve Yönetimi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 251 - 273

Umut Güneş Sefercik , Mertcan Nazar , Mahmut Görken

https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.1601101

Öz

Günümüzde, afetlerin engellenmesi veya hızlı müdahale edilmesi amacıyla afet erken uyarı, tespit, izleme ve yönetme üzerine birçok bilimsel çalışma yapılmaktadır. 21. yy ile beraber bu çalışmalarda, uzaktan algılama teknolojilerinden elde edilen verilerin kullanımı vazgeçilmez hale gelmiştir. Özellikle son on yılda, yüksek çözünürlük ve geniş kapsama alanı kabiliyetine sahip bazı uydulara ait verilerin ücretsiz sunulması ve insansız hava aracı teknolojisinde yaşanan gelişmeler afet erken uyarı, tespit, izleme ve yönetme faaliyetlerinde uzaktan algılama verilerinin daha efektif kullanımını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda kullanılan uzaktan algılama teknolojilerinin başında interferometrik yapay açıklıklı radar (InSAR) gelmektedir. Yapay açıklıklı radar (SAR) teknolojisinin üç boyutlu (3B) tasvir yöntemi olan InSAR, hedef alanda yüksek kalitede dijital yüzey modellerinin ve deformasyon haritalarının üretimine olanak verir. InSAR, deprem, heyelan, tasman, volkanik aktivite vb. afetlerin merkez üssü, etki miktarı ve yayılım alanı gibi önemli metrikleri hızlı elde edebilme imkanı sunmaktadır. InSAR teknolojisi ile afet tespit, izleme ve yönetim çalışmalarında diferansiyel InSAR (DInSAR) ve çok zamanlı DInSAR (MT-DInSAR) yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. MT-DInSAR yönteminin en sık tercih edilenleri ise kısa baz uzunluğu altkümesi (SBAS), sürekli saçıcılar interferometrisi (PSI) ve SAR tomografi (TomoSAR)’dır. Bu derlemede, afet izleme çalışmalarında kullanılan InSAR teknikleri ele alınmış ve literatürde deprem, heyelan, tasman, volkanik aktivite ve sel konularında yapılmış önemli çalışmalarda InSAR kullanım gerekçeleri ve ulaşılan sonuçlar sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet İzleme, InSAR, DInSAR, MT-DInSAR, Doğal Afet

Kaynakça

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