CEVİZ YAPRAK EKSTRELERİNİN ANTİOKSİDAN, ANTİMİKROBİYEL VE ANTİBİYOFİLM AKTİVİTESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 2, 405 - 421, 15.04.2023

Sevilay Yapıcı , Merih Kıvanç

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22082

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ceviz (Juglans regia) yapraklarının su, etil asetat ve metanol ekstrelerinin antibiyofilm aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Ekstrelerin antimikrobiyel ve antibiyofilm aktivitesi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila ve Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes Serovar I, L. monocytogenes 19111, L. monocytogenes 4b 19115, L. ivanovii 19119, L. innocua 6a 33090, Streptococcus mutans, S. anginosus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus safensis ve B. mojavensis’a karşı araştırılmıştır. Bütün ekstrelerinin S. mutans (1a103), S. mutans (2a7) ve S. aureus (GMC7) üzerinde antimikrobiyel aktivitesinin olmadığı diğer bakteriler üzerinde ise farklı oranlarda etki gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Su ekstresinin %99.20 metanol ekstresinin %95.05 ve etil asetat ekstresinin ise %95.22 oranlarına varan antibiyofilm etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ekstrelerin biyofilm oluşumunu azaltmada oluşmuş biyofilmi gideriminden daha etkili oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye etil asetat aktivitesinin sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Antibiyofilm, Juglans regia, Bitki ekstreleri, Antibakteriyel etki

Supporting Institution

Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi

Project Number

1803F056

Thanks

2211-C Yurtiçi Öncelikli Alanlar Doktora Bursu ile doktora çalışmamı destekleyen TÜBİTAK’a ve tez çalışmamın sürdürülmesini sağlayan BAP proje komisyonuna teşekkürlerimi sunarım

ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF WALNUT

Abstract

In this study, the antibiofilm activity of water, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of walnut (J. regia) leaves were investigated. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the extracts were investigated against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, A. hydrophila, S. enterica, S. warneri, S. capitis, S. aureus, E. faecium, E. faecalis, L. monocytogenes Serovar I, L. monocytogenes 19111, L. monocytogenes 4b 19115, L. ivanovii 19119, L. innocua 6a 33090, S. mutans, S. anginosus, B. cereus, B. safensis and B. mojavensis. It was determined that all extracts did not show antimicrobial activity on S. mutans (1a103), S. mutans (2a7) and S. aureus (GMC7), but showed different effects on other bacteria. It was determined that water extract had an antibiofilm effect up to 99.20%, methanol extract 95.05% and ethyl acetate extract 95.22%. It has been determined that the extracts are more effective in preventing biofilm formation than removing the formed biofilm. In addition, it was determined that ethyl acetate activity had the highest antioxidant activity.

Keywords

Antibiofilm, Juglans regia, Plant extract, Antibacterial Effect

Project Number

1803F056

References

• Amaral, J.S., Seabra, R.M., Andrade, P.B, et al. (2004). Phenolic profile in the quality control of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves. Food Chem; 88:373-79.
• Asma K.A., Yasmine C., (2021). In vitro antimicrobial activity of Salvadora persica and Juglans regia extracts against microbial strains from oral cavity. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 33, 102003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102003.
• Bakkiyaraj, D., Nandhinia, J.R., Malathya, B. and Pandiana, S. K. (2013). The antibiofilm potential of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extract against human bacterial and fungal pathogens Biofouling: The Journal of Bioadhesion and Biofilm Research, Vol. 29, No. 8, 929–937, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2013.820825
• Bayazit, S., Tefek, H., ve Çalışkan, O. (2016). Türkiye’de ceviz (Juglans regia L.) araştırmaları. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 169-179.
• Bhatia, K., Rahman, S., Ali, M., and Raisuddin, S. (2006). In vitro antioxidant activity of Juglans regia L. bark extract and its protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity in mice, Redox Report, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 273–279.
• Bray, H.G., and Thorpe, W.V., (1954). Meth. Biochem. Anal. 1, 27-52.
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute—CLSI (2009) Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Approved Standard, 29, 1-65.
• Cotter et al., Cotter, J.J., O'gara, J.P., Mack, D., Casey E. (2009) Oxygen-mediated regulation of biofilm development is controlled by the alternative sigma factor σβ in Staphylococcus epidermidis Appl Environ Microbiol, 75 (1) (2009), pp. 261-264
• Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12: 564- 582.
• Cushnie, T.P.T., Lamb, A.J., (2005). Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International, Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 26, 343–356.
• Darmani, H., Nusayr, T., Al-Hiyasat, A.S. (2006). Effects of extracts of miswak and derum on proliferation of Balb/C 3T3 fi broblasts and viability of cariogenic bacteria. Int J Dent Hyg 4: 62-6.
• Doğan, C., Doğan, N. ve Çelik, Ş. (2014). Farklı Solventlerle Ekstrakte Edilen Ceviz Dış Kabuklarının Bazı Biyokimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 18 (3), 41-47.
• Dolatabadi, S., Moghadam, H.N., Mahdavi-Ourtakand, M., (2018). Evaluating the antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of Juglans regia L. extracts against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb. Pathog. 118: 285–289. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.055.
• Erdoğan, A.E., Everest, A. (2013). Antimikrobiyal Ajan Olarak Bitki Bileşenleri. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, (2), 27-32.
• Gilbert, P., Allison, D.G., McBain, A.J. (2002). Biofilms in vitro and in vivo: do singular mechanisms imply cross-resistance? J Appl Microbiol.;92 Suppl:98S-110S. PMID: 12000619.
• Gupta, P.D., Birdi, T.J. (2017) Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med., 8, 266–275.
• Gupta, A., Behl, T., & Panichayupakaranant, P. (2019). A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology profile of Juglans regia. Obesity Medicine. 16. 100142. 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100142.
• Gülsoy, E., Kaya, E. & Türkhan, A. (2021). Bazı Ceviz (Juglans regia L.) Çeşitlerinin Antioksidant Aktiviteleri ve Fenolik Madde İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 36 (1), 55-62. DOI: 10.7161/omuanajas.751354.
• Gürlük N., Koluman A., Kahraman T. (2022). Gıda İşletmelerinde Biyofilm Sorunu ve Gümüş Nanopartikül Uygulamaları, Aydın Gastronomy, cilt.6, 1:51-63.
• Hoiby, N., Bjarnsholt, T., Givskov, M., Molin S., and Ciofu, O. (2010). Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilm. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 35: 322-332.
• Huang, D., Ou, B. and Prior, R.L., (2005). The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 1841-1856.
• Hussain, M.S.; Fareed, S.; Ansari, S.; Rahman, M.A.; Ahmad, I.Z.; Saeed, M. (2012) Current approaches toward production of secondary plant metabolites. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., 4, 10–20.
• Kale, A.A., Torane, R.C., Deshpande, N.R. et al., (2011). Antioxidant potential from stem bark of Juglans regia L, Ann. Biol. Res. 2 (1) 176–180.
• Kaygusuz, A., ve Töreci, K., (1998). Antibiyotik Tedavisinde Önemli Olabilecek Parametreler,
• Kocaçalışkan İ., Albayrak A., Ilhan S., Terzı İ. (2018). Varietal Differences in Antimicrobial Activities of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Leaf Extracts. Gaziosmanpasa Journal of Scientific Research. 7(3):173-180. http://dergipark.gov.tr/gbad
• Masek, A., Latos-Brozio, M., Chrzescijanska E., and Podsedek, A., (2019). Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Juglans regia L. Leaves and Husk Extracts, Forests, 10, 988.
• Mavi A, Terzi Z, Ozgen U, Yildirim A, Coşkun M. (2004) Antioxidant properties of some medicinal plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae). Biol Pharm Bull. May;27(5):702-5. doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.702. PMID: 15133249.
• Mehrabian, S., Majd, A., Majd, I. (2000). Antimicrobial eff ects of three plants (Rubai tinctorum, Carthamus tinctorius and Juglans regia) on some airbone microorganisms. Aerobiologia; 16:455-58.
• Nyenje ME, Green E, Ndip RN. (2012). Biofilm formation and adherence characteristics of Listeria ivanovii strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods in Alice, South Africa. Sci World J.;873909. doi:10.1100/ 2012/873909.
• Oliveira, I., Sousa, A., Ferreira, I., Bento, A., Estevinho, L., Pereira, J.A., (2008). Total phenols, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. J. Food. Chem. Toxicol. 46, 2326–2331. 10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.017.
• Pereira, J.A., Oliveira, I., Sousa, A., Valentão, P., Andrade, P.B., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Ferreres, F., Bento, A., Seabra, R., Estevinho, L., (2007). Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves: phenolic compounds, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potential ofdifferent cultivars. Food Chem. Toxicol. 45, 2287–2295.
• Pereira, J.A., Oliveira, I., Sousa, A., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Bento, A., Estevinho, L., (2008). Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut (Juglans regia L) cultivars. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 2103–2111.
• Prior, R.L., Wu, X., Scaich, K., (2005). Standardized methods for the determination antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dieatry supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(8), 3110-3113.
• Selçuk, A.R. (2012). Galvinoksil radikali bazlı spektrofotometrik antioksidan aktivite tayin yöntemi ve yaygın olarak kullanılan diğer yöntemlerle kıyaslanması, Yüksek lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Denizli
• Singh, R.P., Chidambara Murthy, K.N., Jayaprakasha, G.K. (2002) Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts using in vitro models. J Agric Food Chem 50(1):81–86
• Stampar, F., Solar, A., Hudina, M., et al. (2006). Traditional walnut liqueur-coctail oil phenolics. Food Chem; 95:627-31.
• Sharafati-Chaleshtori R., Sharafatı-Chaleshtorı F., Rafıeıan M. (2011). Biological characterization of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia) leaves. Turk J Biol 35: 635-639. doi:10.3906/biy-1005-1
• Sharma P, Ravikumar G, Kalaiselvi M, Gomathi D, Uma C. (2013). In vitro antibacterial and free radical scavenging activity of green hull of Juglans regia. J Pharm Anal. 2013 Aug;3(4):298-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.01.006. Epub 2013 Feb 11. PMID: 29403831; PMCID: PMC5760975.
• Yiğit, D., Yiğit, N., Aktaş, E., & Özgen, U. (2009). Ceviz (Juglans regia L.)’in antimikrobiyal aktivitesi. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 39(1-2), 7-11.
• Zakavi, F., Golpasand Hagh, L., Daraeighadikolaei, A., Farajzadeh Sheikh, A., Daraeighadikolaei, A., Leilavi Shooshtari, Z. (2013), Antibacterial effect of Juglans regia bark against oral pathologic bacteria, International Journal of Dentistry 8547655 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/854765
• Zhinsen, J., Mengcheng, T. and Jianming, W., (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64, 555-559.
• Zoral, F.B., Turgay, Ö., (2014) Çeşitli Gıda Atıklarının Toplam Fenolik Madde İçeriğinin, Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyel Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması, KSÜ Doğa Bil. Derg, 17(2)