Özgeci Davranış Ekseninde Sosyal İnovasyon Eğiliminin İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 81 - 97, 20.12.2018
Mukaddes Yeşilkaya
,
Tayfun Yıldız
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı,
bireylerin özgeci davranış düzeylerinin, sahip oldukları sosyal inovasyon
eğilimi üzerindeki belirleyiciliğini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda Ardahan
Belediyesi bünyesinde çalışan 108 kişinin katılım sağladığı bir araştırma
yürütülmüştür. Araştırma örnekleminden elde edilen veriler, istatistiksel
programlar yardımıyla analiz edilmiş ve araştırmaya katılan bireylerin özgeci
davranış düzeylerinin, sosyal inovasyon eğilimini olumlu yönde ve güçlü bir
biçimde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Abasolo, Ignacio ve Aki Tsuchiya (2014) “Egalitarianism and altruism in health: some evidence of their relationship”, International Journal for Equity in Health, 13(13), 1-10.
- Andreoni, James ve Justin M. Rao (2011) “The power of asking: How communication affects selfishness, empathy, and altruism”, Journal of Public Economics, 95, 513-520.
- Arave, Wesley Allen ve Michael Gurven ve Kim Hill (2008) “Reciprocal altruism, rather than kin selection, maintains nepotistic food transfers on an Ache reservation”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 305-318.
- Arbuckle, J. L. (2007) Amos™ 16.0 User’s Guide, U.S.A.: Amos Development Corporation.
- Barclay, Pat (2004) “Trustworthiness and competitive altruism can also solve the ‘tragedy of the commons’”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 209-220. Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161.
- Bentler, P.M., & Yuan, K.H. (1999). Structural equation modeling with small samples: Test statistics. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34(2), 181-197.
- BM Byrne, Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Routledge, 2nd ed., New York 2010, pp.77; pp. 207.Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen, K.A., & Long, J.S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
- Bulut, Cagri, Hakan Eren ve Duygu Seckin Halac (2013) “Social Innovation and Psychometric Analysis” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 122-130.
- Burns, David J., Jane S. Reid, Mark Toncar, Jeffrey Fawcett ve Cynthia Anderson (2006) “Motivations to volunteer: The role of altruism”, International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 3(2), 79-91.
- Carlo, Gustavo ve Brandy Randall (2002) “The Development of a Measure of Prosocial Behaviors for Late Adolescents”, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31-44.
- Coşkun M, Mardikyan S. (2016), Çevrimiçi Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Sistemlerinin Gerçekleşen Kullanımını Belirleyici Faktörler: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) Çalışması, Eğitim ve Bilim Cilt 41 (2016) Sayı 188 131-152
- Dacin, M. Tina ve Peter A. Dacin (2011) “Social Entrepreneurship: A Critique and Future Directions”, Organization Science, 22(5), 1203-1213.
- Dainiene, Rasa ve Lina Dagiliene (2015) “A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275-280.
- Danielli, James F. (1980) “Altruism and the internal reward system or the opium of the people”, Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 3(2), 87-94.
- Dutta, Jayasri ve Philippe Michel (1998) “The Distribution of Wealth with Imperfect Altruism”, Journal of Economic Theory, 82, (379-404).
- Eisenberg, Nancy ve Paul A. Miller (1987) “The Relation of Empathy to Prosocial and Related Behaviors”, Psychological Bulletin, 101(1), 91-119.
- Ellis, Tania (2010) The New Pioneers: Sustainable business success through social innovation and social entrepreneurship, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
- Ersanlı, K, Çabuker N. D. (2015), Diğerkamlık Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özellikleri, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Kış-2015 Cilt:14 Sayı:52 (043-053)
- Fehr, Ernst ve Joseph Henrich (2003) “Is Strong Reciprocity a Malapdation? On the Evolutionary Foundations of Human Altruism”, Working Paper, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute for Economic Research CESifo.
- Fletcher, Jeffrey A. ve Martin Zwick (2006) “Unifying the Theories of Inclusive Fitness and Reciprocal Altruism”, The American Naturalist, 168(2), 252-262. Garling, Tommy, Satoshi Fujii, Anita Garling ve Cecilia Jakobsson (2003) “Moderating effects of social value orientation on determinants of proenvironmental behavior intention”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 1-9.
- Gintis, Herbert, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd ve Ernst Fehr (2003) “Explaining altruistic behavior in humans”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 153-172.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7. bs.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
- Have, Robert P. van der ve Luis Rubalcaba (2016) “Social innovation research: An emerging area of innovation studies?”, Research Policies, 45, 1923-1935 Hernandez, Yaheli ve Kathryn Cormican (2016) “Towards the Effective Management of Social Innovaiton Projects: Insights from Project Management”, Procedia Computer Science, 100, 237-243.
- Herrera, Maria Elena Baltazar (2015) “Creating competitive advantage by institutionalizing corporate social innovation”, Journal of Business Research, 68, 1468-1474.
- Holmgren, Robin A., Nancy Eisenberg ve Richard A. Fabes (1998) “The Relations of Children’s Situational Emphaty-related Emotions to Dİspositional Prosoacial Behavior”, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(1), 169-193.
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55
- Ims, Knut J. ve Laszlo Zsolnai (2014) “Ethics of social innovation”, Society and Business Review, 9(2), 186-194
- Işık, Cem ve Aydın Ekrem (2017) “Kişisel Değerlerin Sosyal Girişimcilik Eğilimine Etkisi: Turizm Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Girişiöcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, 6(2), 131-156.
- Joireman, Jeffrey, Terell P. Lasane, Jennifer Bennett, Diana Richards ve Salma Solaimani (2001) “Integrating social value orientation and the consideration of future consequences within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour”, British Journal of Social Psycgology, 40(1), 133-155.
- Kerkman, Dennis D. ve Andrew T. Johnson (2014) “Challenging Multiple-Choice Question to Engage Critical Thinking”, Insight: A Journal of Scholarly Teaching, 9, 92-97.
- Koç, Oktay (2010) “Toplumsal Sorunlarla Mücadelede Bir Kaldıraç Olarak Sosyal İnovasyon ve Sosyal Girişimcilik Açısından Önemi”, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 5(2), 205-212.
- Korchmaros, Josephine D. ve David A. Kenny (2001) “Emotional Closeness as a mediator of Effect of Genetic Relatedness on Altruism”, Psychological Science, 12(3), 262-265.
- Lee, Choong-Ki, Yvette Reisinger, Myung Ja Kim ve Seol-Min Yoon (2014) “The influence of volunteer motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a mega-event” Internaitonal Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 37-48.
- Liebrand, Wim B. G. Ve Charles G. McClintock (1988) “The ring measure of social values: a computerized procedure for assessing individual differences in information processing and social value orientation”, European Journal of Personality, 2(3), 217-230.
- Mair, Johanna ve Ignasi Marti (2006) “Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight”, Journal of World Business, 41, 36-44.
- Martin, Roger L. Ve Sally Osberg (2007) “Social Entrepreneurship: The Case for Definition”, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring, 28-39.
- Morgan, Susan E. Ve Jenny K. Miller (2002) “Communicating About Gifts of Life: The Effect of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Altruism on Behavior and Behavioral Intentions Regarding Organ Donation”, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30(2), 163-178.
- Moulaert, Frank, Flavia Martinelli, Erik Swyngedouw ve Sara Gonzalez (2005) “Towards Alternative Model(s) of Local Innovation”, Urban Studies, 42(11), 1969-1990.
- Mulgan, Geoff, Simon Tucker, Rushanara Ali ve Ben Sanders (2007) Social Innovation: What It is, Why It Matters and How It can be Accelerated, Basingstoke Press.
- Mulgan, Geoff (2015) “The Study of Social Innovation: Theory, Practice and Progress”, New Frontiers in Social Innovation Research, ed. Alex Nicholls, Julie Simon ve Madeleine Gabriel, UK: Palgrave Macmillian, x-xviii.
- Ner, Avner Ben ve Amit Kramer (2011) “Personality and altruism in the dictator game: Relationship to giving to kin, collaborators, competitors, and neutrals”, Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 216-221.
- Özmete, Emine ve Fulya Akgül Gök (2015) “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma için Sosyal İnovasyon ve Sosyal Hizmet İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 26(2), 127-143.
- Saifan, Samer Abu (2012) “Social Entrepreneurship: Definiton and Boundaries”, Technology Innovastion Management Review, 2, 22-27. Seçkin Halaç, D , Eren, H , Bulut, Ç . (2015). Sosyal Yenilikçilik: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (1), 165-190. DOI: 10.17065/huiibf.48390
- Small, Deborah A. ve George Loewenstein (2003) “Helping a Victim or Helping the Victim: Altruism ve Identifiability”, The Journal of Risk and Uncertainity, 26(1), 5-16.
- Stebbins, Robert A. (2015) Leisure and Motive Volunteer: Theories of Serious, Casual, and Project-Based Leisure, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. Tabachnick, B. G., ve L. S. Fidell, Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.), Allyn and Bacon, New York 2007.
- Takano, Masanori, kazuya Wada ve Lehiro Fukuda (2016) “Reciprocal Altruism-based Cooperation in a Social Network Game”, New Generation Computing, 34, 257-271.
- Tan, Wee-Liang, John Williams ve Teck-Meng Tan (2005) “Defining the ‘Social’ in ‘Social Entrepreneurship’: Altruism and Entrepreneurship”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 353-365.
- Wang, Chih-Chien ve Chia-Hsin Wang (2008) “Helping Others in Online Games: Prosocial Behavior in Cyberpace”, CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(3), 344-346.
- Waytz, Adam, Jamil Zaki ve Jason P. Mitchell (2012) “Response of Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Altruistic Behavior”, The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(22), 7646-7650.
- Weiss, Raquel ve Paulo Peres (2014) “Beyond the Altruism-Egoism Dichotomy: A New Typology to Capture Morality as a Complex Phenomenon” The Palgrave Handbook of Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity, ed. Vincent Jeffiries, 71-97.
- West, Stuart A. ve Andy Gardner (2010) “Altruism, Spite, and Greenbeards”, Science, 327, 1341-1344.
- Westley, Frances ve Nino Antadze (2010) “Making a Difference Strategies for Scaling Social Innovation for Greater Impact”, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 15(2), 1-20.
- Yamane, T., 1967. Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd edition, New York: Harper and Row
A Survey on Investigation of Tendency of the Social Innovation on Centreline of the Altruistic Behaviour
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 81 - 97, 20.12.2018
Mukaddes Yeşilkaya
,
Tayfun Yıldız
Öz
The aim of this study
is to examine determining of the level of altruistic behaviour on tendency of
social innovation. In this context, a research is carried out on 108 officers
who have worked in Ardahan Municipality. The data obtained from research sample
are analyzed with the help of statistical programmes and it is found that the
levels of altruistic behaviour of the individuals participating in the
research, have positively and strongly influenced by the tendency of social
innovation.
Kaynakça
- Abasolo, Ignacio ve Aki Tsuchiya (2014) “Egalitarianism and altruism in health: some evidence of their relationship”, International Journal for Equity in Health, 13(13), 1-10.
- Andreoni, James ve Justin M. Rao (2011) “The power of asking: How communication affects selfishness, empathy, and altruism”, Journal of Public Economics, 95, 513-520.
- Arave, Wesley Allen ve Michael Gurven ve Kim Hill (2008) “Reciprocal altruism, rather than kin selection, maintains nepotistic food transfers on an Ache reservation”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 305-318.
- Arbuckle, J. L. (2007) Amos™ 16.0 User’s Guide, U.S.A.: Amos Development Corporation.
- Barclay, Pat (2004) “Trustworthiness and competitive altruism can also solve the ‘tragedy of the commons’”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 209-220. Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161.
- Bentler, P.M., & Yuan, K.H. (1999). Structural equation modeling with small samples: Test statistics. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34(2), 181-197.
- BM Byrne, Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Routledge, 2nd ed., New York 2010, pp.77; pp. 207.Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen, K.A., & Long, J.S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
- Bulut, Cagri, Hakan Eren ve Duygu Seckin Halac (2013) “Social Innovation and Psychometric Analysis” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 122-130.
- Burns, David J., Jane S. Reid, Mark Toncar, Jeffrey Fawcett ve Cynthia Anderson (2006) “Motivations to volunteer: The role of altruism”, International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 3(2), 79-91.
- Carlo, Gustavo ve Brandy Randall (2002) “The Development of a Measure of Prosocial Behaviors for Late Adolescents”, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31-44.
- Coşkun M, Mardikyan S. (2016), Çevrimiçi Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Sistemlerinin Gerçekleşen Kullanımını Belirleyici Faktörler: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) Çalışması, Eğitim ve Bilim Cilt 41 (2016) Sayı 188 131-152
- Dacin, M. Tina ve Peter A. Dacin (2011) “Social Entrepreneurship: A Critique and Future Directions”, Organization Science, 22(5), 1203-1213.
- Dainiene, Rasa ve Lina Dagiliene (2015) “A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275-280.
- Danielli, James F. (1980) “Altruism and the internal reward system or the opium of the people”, Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 3(2), 87-94.
- Dutta, Jayasri ve Philippe Michel (1998) “The Distribution of Wealth with Imperfect Altruism”, Journal of Economic Theory, 82, (379-404).
- Eisenberg, Nancy ve Paul A. Miller (1987) “The Relation of Empathy to Prosocial and Related Behaviors”, Psychological Bulletin, 101(1), 91-119.
- Ellis, Tania (2010) The New Pioneers: Sustainable business success through social innovation and social entrepreneurship, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
- Ersanlı, K, Çabuker N. D. (2015), Diğerkamlık Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özellikleri, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Kış-2015 Cilt:14 Sayı:52 (043-053)
- Fehr, Ernst ve Joseph Henrich (2003) “Is Strong Reciprocity a Malapdation? On the Evolutionary Foundations of Human Altruism”, Working Paper, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute for Economic Research CESifo.
- Fletcher, Jeffrey A. ve Martin Zwick (2006) “Unifying the Theories of Inclusive Fitness and Reciprocal Altruism”, The American Naturalist, 168(2), 252-262. Garling, Tommy, Satoshi Fujii, Anita Garling ve Cecilia Jakobsson (2003) “Moderating effects of social value orientation on determinants of proenvironmental behavior intention”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 1-9.
- Gintis, Herbert, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd ve Ernst Fehr (2003) “Explaining altruistic behavior in humans”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 153-172.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7. bs.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
- Have, Robert P. van der ve Luis Rubalcaba (2016) “Social innovation research: An emerging area of innovation studies?”, Research Policies, 45, 1923-1935 Hernandez, Yaheli ve Kathryn Cormican (2016) “Towards the Effective Management of Social Innovaiton Projects: Insights from Project Management”, Procedia Computer Science, 100, 237-243.
- Herrera, Maria Elena Baltazar (2015) “Creating competitive advantage by institutionalizing corporate social innovation”, Journal of Business Research, 68, 1468-1474.
- Holmgren, Robin A., Nancy Eisenberg ve Richard A. Fabes (1998) “The Relations of Children’s Situational Emphaty-related Emotions to Dİspositional Prosoacial Behavior”, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(1), 169-193.
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55
- Ims, Knut J. ve Laszlo Zsolnai (2014) “Ethics of social innovation”, Society and Business Review, 9(2), 186-194
- Işık, Cem ve Aydın Ekrem (2017) “Kişisel Değerlerin Sosyal Girişimcilik Eğilimine Etkisi: Turizm Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Girişiöcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, 6(2), 131-156.
- Joireman, Jeffrey, Terell P. Lasane, Jennifer Bennett, Diana Richards ve Salma Solaimani (2001) “Integrating social value orientation and the consideration of future consequences within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour”, British Journal of Social Psycgology, 40(1), 133-155.
- Kerkman, Dennis D. ve Andrew T. Johnson (2014) “Challenging Multiple-Choice Question to Engage Critical Thinking”, Insight: A Journal of Scholarly Teaching, 9, 92-97.
- Koç, Oktay (2010) “Toplumsal Sorunlarla Mücadelede Bir Kaldıraç Olarak Sosyal İnovasyon ve Sosyal Girişimcilik Açısından Önemi”, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 5(2), 205-212.
- Korchmaros, Josephine D. ve David A. Kenny (2001) “Emotional Closeness as a mediator of Effect of Genetic Relatedness on Altruism”, Psychological Science, 12(3), 262-265.
- Lee, Choong-Ki, Yvette Reisinger, Myung Ja Kim ve Seol-Min Yoon (2014) “The influence of volunteer motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a mega-event” Internaitonal Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 37-48.
- Liebrand, Wim B. G. Ve Charles G. McClintock (1988) “The ring measure of social values: a computerized procedure for assessing individual differences in information processing and social value orientation”, European Journal of Personality, 2(3), 217-230.
- Mair, Johanna ve Ignasi Marti (2006) “Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight”, Journal of World Business, 41, 36-44.
- Martin, Roger L. Ve Sally Osberg (2007) “Social Entrepreneurship: The Case for Definition”, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring, 28-39.
- Morgan, Susan E. Ve Jenny K. Miller (2002) “Communicating About Gifts of Life: The Effect of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Altruism on Behavior and Behavioral Intentions Regarding Organ Donation”, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30(2), 163-178.
- Moulaert, Frank, Flavia Martinelli, Erik Swyngedouw ve Sara Gonzalez (2005) “Towards Alternative Model(s) of Local Innovation”, Urban Studies, 42(11), 1969-1990.
- Mulgan, Geoff, Simon Tucker, Rushanara Ali ve Ben Sanders (2007) Social Innovation: What It is, Why It Matters and How It can be Accelerated, Basingstoke Press.
- Mulgan, Geoff (2015) “The Study of Social Innovation: Theory, Practice and Progress”, New Frontiers in Social Innovation Research, ed. Alex Nicholls, Julie Simon ve Madeleine Gabriel, UK: Palgrave Macmillian, x-xviii.
- Ner, Avner Ben ve Amit Kramer (2011) “Personality and altruism in the dictator game: Relationship to giving to kin, collaborators, competitors, and neutrals”, Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 216-221.
- Özmete, Emine ve Fulya Akgül Gök (2015) “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma için Sosyal İnovasyon ve Sosyal Hizmet İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 26(2), 127-143.
- Saifan, Samer Abu (2012) “Social Entrepreneurship: Definiton and Boundaries”, Technology Innovastion Management Review, 2, 22-27. Seçkin Halaç, D , Eren, H , Bulut, Ç . (2015). Sosyal Yenilikçilik: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (1), 165-190. DOI: 10.17065/huiibf.48390
- Small, Deborah A. ve George Loewenstein (2003) “Helping a Victim or Helping the Victim: Altruism ve Identifiability”, The Journal of Risk and Uncertainity, 26(1), 5-16.
- Stebbins, Robert A. (2015) Leisure and Motive Volunteer: Theories of Serious, Casual, and Project-Based Leisure, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. Tabachnick, B. G., ve L. S. Fidell, Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.), Allyn and Bacon, New York 2007.
- Takano, Masanori, kazuya Wada ve Lehiro Fukuda (2016) “Reciprocal Altruism-based Cooperation in a Social Network Game”, New Generation Computing, 34, 257-271.
- Tan, Wee-Liang, John Williams ve Teck-Meng Tan (2005) “Defining the ‘Social’ in ‘Social Entrepreneurship’: Altruism and Entrepreneurship”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 353-365.
- Wang, Chih-Chien ve Chia-Hsin Wang (2008) “Helping Others in Online Games: Prosocial Behavior in Cyberpace”, CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(3), 344-346.
- Waytz, Adam, Jamil Zaki ve Jason P. Mitchell (2012) “Response of Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Altruistic Behavior”, The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(22), 7646-7650.
- Weiss, Raquel ve Paulo Peres (2014) “Beyond the Altruism-Egoism Dichotomy: A New Typology to Capture Morality as a Complex Phenomenon” The Palgrave Handbook of Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity, ed. Vincent Jeffiries, 71-97.
- West, Stuart A. ve Andy Gardner (2010) “Altruism, Spite, and Greenbeards”, Science, 327, 1341-1344.
- Westley, Frances ve Nino Antadze (2010) “Making a Difference Strategies for Scaling Social Innovation for Greater Impact”, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 15(2), 1-20.
- Yamane, T., 1967. Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd edition, New York: Harper and Row