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Dikdörtgen Kapların Derin Çekilmesinde Kalıp Geometrisinin Kap Cidar Kalınlıkları Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 79 - 92, 30.04.2023

Abstract

Derin çekme, sacı matris-pot çemberi arasında istenen şekle getirmek için stampa kullanılarak merkez kısmından kalıp boşluğuna iterek kapların üretilmesi işlemidir. Stampa ve kalıp arasında sac kalıp boşluğuna doğru aktığı sırada kalıbın özel şeklini alarak kap oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, matris üst yüzeyine/pot çemberi alt yüzeyine 0°, 3°, 6° ve 9°’lik açılar verilmiştir. Pot çemberi kuvveti sabit 1800 daN ve stampa hızı da sabit 4 mm/s uygulanmıştır. Matris/stampa arası boşluk 1.2 mm, stampa uç ve kenar radyüsleri ile matris ağız yarıçapları 6 mm alınmıştır. Kalınlığı 1 mm St37 çeliği kullanılmıştır. Kaplardaki cidar kalınlık değişimlerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla kap hassas bir biçimde yüksekliği boyunca kenar köşelerinden kesilmiş ve duvar yüzeyi taban radyüsü bitiminden itibaren ağız kısmına doğru 10x10 mm aralıklarla ızgaralara bölünmüştür. Cidar kalınlık değişimleri Mitutoyo LH-600E marka hassas doğrusal ölçüm mihengiri cihazında noktasal temaslı uç ile 0.001 hassasiyetinde ölçülmüştür. 0-10 mm aralığındaki kap yüksekliklerinde cidar kalınlık değişimlerinin azaldığı, sacda önemli sayılabilir bir değerde kalınlık değişimi meydana geldiği ve bunun 0,371-0,910 mm kadar olduğu, maksimum kalınlık değişimi ise kabın alt kısımlarındaki köşelerde meydana gelmiş ve 0,373 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, dikdörtgen kesitli kapların üretilmelerinde, matris üst yüzeyine ve pot çemberinin alt yüzeyine açılar verilerek kalıp geometrisinin, limit çekme oranı ve kap cidar kalınlık değişimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

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  • [3] R. Karl, “Simulation of sheet metal forming-necessary developments in the future”. LS-DYNA Awenderforum. Vol. 7, A(1), pp. 59-68. 2008.
  • [4] A.S. Takalkar, L.B.M. Chinnapandi, “Deep drawing process at the elevated temperature: A critical review and future research directions”, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vol. 27, pp. 56-67, 2019. doı: 10.1016/j.cirpj.2019.08.002
  • [5] H. Zein, M. El-Sherbiny, M. Abd-Rabou, M. El Shazly, “Effect of die design parameters on thinning of sheet metal in the deep drawing process”. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 20-29, 2013. doı:10.12691/ajme-1-2-1
  • [6] A. C. S. Reddy, S. Rajesham, P. R. Reddy, T. P. Kumar, J. Goverdhan, “An experimental study on the effect of process parameters in the deep draw using Taguchi technique”. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 21-32. 2015. doı: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v7i1.3
  • [7] K. Mac, E.T. George, M.K. Scot, “Handbook of Aluminum, Physical Metallurgy and Processes”. Marcel Dekker Inc. vol. 1, New York USA. 2003.
  • [8] Z. Kailun, J.P. Denis, W. Liliang, L. Jianguo, “A review on forming techniques for manufacturing lightweight complex-shaped aluminum panel components”. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, vol. 1, 55-80. 2018. doı: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2018.03.006
  • [9] B. Vukota, “Sheet Metal Formıng Processes And Die Design”, Industrial Press Inc, New York USA. 2004. [10] D. Cyril, H. George, L. Cain, V.C. Gold, “Joyjeet Ghose. Tool Design”. Special Indian Edition. 2012.
  • [11] B. Kenza, F.G. Mohammad, E.E. Hachmi, F. Musthapha, M. Mohamad, M. Mada, “Modeling of anisotropy influence on thickness distribution of deep drawing sheet”. International Conference on Robotics, Control and Automation Engineering, RCAE, Beijing, pp. 26-28 December. 2018.
  • [12] S. Kilani, “Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Constitutive Modelling and Numerical Simulation”. Editor: Banabic D., Numerical Simulation of the Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Springer Science &Business Media. pp. 213-295, 2010.
  • [13] P. Das, S.K. Panda, D.K. Pratihar, “Modification of initial blank shape to minimize earing in the deep drawing process”. Advanced Materials Manufacturing&Characterization, vol. 3(1), pp. 99-104. 2013. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11127/ijammc.2013.02.018
  • [14] S. Pawan Nagda, S.B. Purnank, M.K. Shah, “Finite element simulation of the deep drawing process to minimize earing”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, vol. 11(2), pp. 413-416. 2017.
  • [15] K. Bouchaala, M.F. Ghanameh, M. Faqir, M. Mada, E. Esaadiqi, “Numerical investigation of the effect of punch corner radius and die shoulder radius on the flange earrings for AA1050 and AA1100 aluminum alloys in the cylindrical deep drawing process”. Heliyon vol. 7(4), e06662. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06662
  • [16] D. Banabic, “Sheet metal forming processes: Constitutive modeling and numerical simulation”, Berlin Heidelberg Derdrecht, London New York, Springer. 2010.
  • [17] R. Coles, M.J. Kirwan, “Food and beverage packaging technology”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Publishing London UK. 2011.
  • [18] M. Colgan, J. Monaghan, “Deep drawing process: Analysis and experiment”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol 132(1-3), pp. 35-41. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00253-4
  • [19] M. Hassan, L. Hezam, M. El-Sebaie, J. Purbolaksono, “Deep drawing characteristics of square cups through conical dies”. Procedia Engineering, vol. 81, pp. 873-880. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.091
  • [20] M.A. Hassan, I.M. Hassab-Allah, L.M.A. Hezam, N.A. Mardi, M. Hamdi, “Deep drawing of asymmetric cups through a conical die without blank holder”. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2015, London, U.K., July 1-3. 2015.
  • [21] A.A. Dhaiban, M.E.S. Soliman, M.G. El-Sebaie, “Development of deep drawing without blank-holder for producing elliptic brass cups through conical dies”, Journal of Engineering Sciences (JES), 41, (4), 1530-1548. 2013. doı: 10.21608/JESAUN.2013.114876
  • [22]H. Zein, M. El Sherbiny, M. Abd-Rabou, M.El Shazly, “Thinning and spring back prediction of sheet metal in the deep drawing process”. Materials and Design, vol. 53, pp. 797-808. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.078
  • [23] D.C. Chen, L. Cheng-Yu, YY. Lai, “Finite element analysis of deep drawing”. Advances in Intelligent Mechatronic Systems and Precision Engineering, vol. 11(9), pp. 1-10. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814019874561
  • [24] S.M. Hussaini, G. Krishna, A.K. Gupta, S.K. Singh, “Development of experimental and theoretical forming limit diagrams for warm forming of austenitic stainless steel 316”. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 18, pp. 151–158. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.03.005
  • [25] A. Shaaban, A.S. Elakkad, “Numerical and experimental analysis of single-acting stroke deep drawing of symmetric low-depth products without blank holder”. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, 3, pp. 2907-2919. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.11.015
  • [26] K. Zheng, D.J. Politis, L. Wang, J. Lin, “A review on forming techniques for manufacturing lightweight complex-shaped aluminum panel components”. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, vol. 1(2), pp. 55-80. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2018.03.006
  • [27] E. Ünal, “Kare Kesitli Kapların Derin Çekilmesinde Kalıp Geometrisi ve Radyüsünün Çekme Oranına Etkisinin Araştırılması”, Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ/Türkiye. 2011.
  • [28] L. Çapan, “Metallere Plastik Şekil Verme”, 5. Baskı, İstanbul/Türkiye, Çağlayan Kitabevi. 2010.
  • [29] A.T. Güneş, “Pres İşleri Tekniği”, Cilt 2, 2. Baskı, Ankara/Türkiye, TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası. 2002.
  • [30] K. Demiray, “Al 1050 Malzemesinin Derin Çekme İşleminde Baskı Plakasının Etkisinin Teorik Ve Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi, Karabük/Türkiye. 2006.
  • [31] Ö. Seçkin, “DKP Sac Çeliğinin Derin Çekilmesinde Matris Yüzey Açı Değişiminin Araştırılması”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ/Türkiye. 2005. [32] İ. Uzun, Y. Erişkin, “Sac Metal Kalıpçılığı”, Ankara/Türkiye, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1997.
  • [33] L. Larsson, “Warm Sheet Metal Forming with Localized In-Tool Induction Heating”, 1. Eddition, Sweden, Lund University. 2005.
  • [34] V. Savaş, Ö. Seçgin, “An experimental investigation of formig load and side-wall thickness obtained by a new deep drawing die”, International Journal of Material Forming, vol. 3, pp. 209-213. 2010. doı: 10.1007/s12289-009-0672-9
  • [35] M. Cotterell, J, Schambergerova, J. Ziegelheim, J. Janovec, “Depedence of micro-hardness on deformation of deep-drawing steel sheets”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 124 (3), pp. 293–296. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00203-0
  • [36] R.M. Aarón, I.M.C. Hugo, F.L. Dirk, J.G.Z. Pedro, “Performance evaluation of analytical expressions for cylindrical and rectangular deep drawing force estimation”, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 36, pp. 340-350. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.10.033
  • [37] V.L. Hattalli, S.R. Srivatsa, “Sheet Metal Forming Processes-Recent Technological Advances”, International Conference on Advanced Materials and Applications (ICAMA 2016), Bengaluru, Karanataka, INDIA, June, 15-17. 2016.
Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 79 - 92, 30.04.2023

Abstract

References

  • [1] R.R. Goud, K.E. Prasad, S.K. Singh, “Formability limit diagrams of extra-deep-drawing steel at elevated temperatures”. Procedia Materials Science, vol. 6, pp. 123-128. 2014. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.014
  • [2] B.V.S. Rao, G.C.M. Reddy, G.K.M. Rao, P.V.R. Reddy, “Influence of drawing ratio on thickness variation along the walls of deep-drawn cups”. Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, 11(2), pp. 86–93. 2016.
  • [3] R. Karl, “Simulation of sheet metal forming-necessary developments in the future”. LS-DYNA Awenderforum. Vol. 7, A(1), pp. 59-68. 2008.
  • [4] A.S. Takalkar, L.B.M. Chinnapandi, “Deep drawing process at the elevated temperature: A critical review and future research directions”, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vol. 27, pp. 56-67, 2019. doı: 10.1016/j.cirpj.2019.08.002
  • [5] H. Zein, M. El-Sherbiny, M. Abd-Rabou, M. El Shazly, “Effect of die design parameters on thinning of sheet metal in the deep drawing process”. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 20-29, 2013. doı:10.12691/ajme-1-2-1
  • [6] A. C. S. Reddy, S. Rajesham, P. R. Reddy, T. P. Kumar, J. Goverdhan, “An experimental study on the effect of process parameters in the deep draw using Taguchi technique”. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 21-32. 2015. doı: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v7i1.3
  • [7] K. Mac, E.T. George, M.K. Scot, “Handbook of Aluminum, Physical Metallurgy and Processes”. Marcel Dekker Inc. vol. 1, New York USA. 2003.
  • [8] Z. Kailun, J.P. Denis, W. Liliang, L. Jianguo, “A review on forming techniques for manufacturing lightweight complex-shaped aluminum panel components”. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, vol. 1, 55-80. 2018. doı: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2018.03.006
  • [9] B. Vukota, “Sheet Metal Formıng Processes And Die Design”, Industrial Press Inc, New York USA. 2004. [10] D. Cyril, H. George, L. Cain, V.C. Gold, “Joyjeet Ghose. Tool Design”. Special Indian Edition. 2012.
  • [11] B. Kenza, F.G. Mohammad, E.E. Hachmi, F. Musthapha, M. Mohamad, M. Mada, “Modeling of anisotropy influence on thickness distribution of deep drawing sheet”. International Conference on Robotics, Control and Automation Engineering, RCAE, Beijing, pp. 26-28 December. 2018.
  • [12] S. Kilani, “Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Constitutive Modelling and Numerical Simulation”. Editor: Banabic D., Numerical Simulation of the Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Springer Science &Business Media. pp. 213-295, 2010.
  • [13] P. Das, S.K. Panda, D.K. Pratihar, “Modification of initial blank shape to minimize earing in the deep drawing process”. Advanced Materials Manufacturing&Characterization, vol. 3(1), pp. 99-104. 2013. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11127/ijammc.2013.02.018
  • [14] S. Pawan Nagda, S.B. Purnank, M.K. Shah, “Finite element simulation of the deep drawing process to minimize earing”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, vol. 11(2), pp. 413-416. 2017.
  • [15] K. Bouchaala, M.F. Ghanameh, M. Faqir, M. Mada, E. Esaadiqi, “Numerical investigation of the effect of punch corner radius and die shoulder radius on the flange earrings for AA1050 and AA1100 aluminum alloys in the cylindrical deep drawing process”. Heliyon vol. 7(4), e06662. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06662
  • [16] D. Banabic, “Sheet metal forming processes: Constitutive modeling and numerical simulation”, Berlin Heidelberg Derdrecht, London New York, Springer. 2010.
  • [17] R. Coles, M.J. Kirwan, “Food and beverage packaging technology”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Publishing London UK. 2011.
  • [18] M. Colgan, J. Monaghan, “Deep drawing process: Analysis and experiment”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol 132(1-3), pp. 35-41. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00253-4
  • [19] M. Hassan, L. Hezam, M. El-Sebaie, J. Purbolaksono, “Deep drawing characteristics of square cups through conical dies”. Procedia Engineering, vol. 81, pp. 873-880. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.091
  • [20] M.A. Hassan, I.M. Hassab-Allah, L.M.A. Hezam, N.A. Mardi, M. Hamdi, “Deep drawing of asymmetric cups through a conical die without blank holder”. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2015, London, U.K., July 1-3. 2015.
  • [21] A.A. Dhaiban, M.E.S. Soliman, M.G. El-Sebaie, “Development of deep drawing without blank-holder for producing elliptic brass cups through conical dies”, Journal of Engineering Sciences (JES), 41, (4), 1530-1548. 2013. doı: 10.21608/JESAUN.2013.114876
  • [22]H. Zein, M. El Sherbiny, M. Abd-Rabou, M.El Shazly, “Thinning and spring back prediction of sheet metal in the deep drawing process”. Materials and Design, vol. 53, pp. 797-808. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.078
  • [23] D.C. Chen, L. Cheng-Yu, YY. Lai, “Finite element analysis of deep drawing”. Advances in Intelligent Mechatronic Systems and Precision Engineering, vol. 11(9), pp. 1-10. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814019874561
  • [24] S.M. Hussaini, G. Krishna, A.K. Gupta, S.K. Singh, “Development of experimental and theoretical forming limit diagrams for warm forming of austenitic stainless steel 316”. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 18, pp. 151–158. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.03.005
  • [25] A. Shaaban, A.S. Elakkad, “Numerical and experimental analysis of single-acting stroke deep drawing of symmetric low-depth products without blank holder”. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, 3, pp. 2907-2919. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.11.015
  • [26] K. Zheng, D.J. Politis, L. Wang, J. Lin, “A review on forming techniques for manufacturing lightweight complex-shaped aluminum panel components”. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, vol. 1(2), pp. 55-80. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2018.03.006
  • [27] E. Ünal, “Kare Kesitli Kapların Derin Çekilmesinde Kalıp Geometrisi ve Radyüsünün Çekme Oranına Etkisinin Araştırılması”, Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ/Türkiye. 2011.
  • [28] L. Çapan, “Metallere Plastik Şekil Verme”, 5. Baskı, İstanbul/Türkiye, Çağlayan Kitabevi. 2010.
  • [29] A.T. Güneş, “Pres İşleri Tekniği”, Cilt 2, 2. Baskı, Ankara/Türkiye, TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası. 2002.
  • [30] K. Demiray, “Al 1050 Malzemesinin Derin Çekme İşleminde Baskı Plakasının Etkisinin Teorik Ve Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi, Karabük/Türkiye. 2006.
  • [31] Ö. Seçkin, “DKP Sac Çeliğinin Derin Çekilmesinde Matris Yüzey Açı Değişiminin Araştırılması”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ/Türkiye. 2005. [32] İ. Uzun, Y. Erişkin, “Sac Metal Kalıpçılığı”, Ankara/Türkiye, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1997.
  • [33] L. Larsson, “Warm Sheet Metal Forming with Localized In-Tool Induction Heating”, 1. Eddition, Sweden, Lund University. 2005.
  • [34] V. Savaş, Ö. Seçgin, “An experimental investigation of formig load and side-wall thickness obtained by a new deep drawing die”, International Journal of Material Forming, vol. 3, pp. 209-213. 2010. doı: 10.1007/s12289-009-0672-9
  • [35] M. Cotterell, J, Schambergerova, J. Ziegelheim, J. Janovec, “Depedence of micro-hardness on deformation of deep-drawing steel sheets”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 124 (3), pp. 293–296. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00203-0
  • [36] R.M. Aarón, I.M.C. Hugo, F.L. Dirk, J.G.Z. Pedro, “Performance evaluation of analytical expressions for cylindrical and rectangular deep drawing force estimation”, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 36, pp. 340-350. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.10.033
  • [37] V.L. Hattalli, S.R. Srivatsa, “Sheet Metal Forming Processes-Recent Technological Advances”, International Conference on Advanced Materials and Applications (ICAMA 2016), Bengaluru, Karanataka, INDIA, June, 15-17. 2016.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cebeli Özek 0000-0001-7603-415X

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date August 22, 2022
Acceptance Date March 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE C. Özek, “Dikdörtgen Kapların Derin Çekilmesinde Kalıp Geometrisinin Kap Cidar Kalınlıkları Üzerindeki Etkisi”, GJES, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 79–92, 2023.

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