Benign anorektal hastalıklar

Öz

Benign anorektal hastalıklar oldukça yaygın olan ancak hastaların şikayetlerini dile getirme konusundaki çekinceleri nedeniyle yaygınlığının tam olarak saptanamadığı hastalıklar grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle benign anorektal hastalıkların tanı ve tedavileri gecikmekte ve insanların yaşam kalitesi ile iş gücünü negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Bu bölgenin benign lezyonları içinde hemoroidler, anal fissür, perianal abseler, fistüller, rektal prolapsus ve anal inkontinens gibi rahatsızlıklar sayılabilir. Ayrıca, kondilomlar, rektovaginal fistüller, hydradenitis suppurativa gibi durumlara da daha seyrek olarak rastlanır. Tanının doğru olarak konulabilmesi için semptomların sorgulanması, bölgenin muayenesi ve yardımcı laboratuvar tetkiklerin iyi değerlendirilmesi gereklidir. Bu derlemede pratikte rastlanan benign anorektal hastalıkların genel semptom ve muayene bulguları öncelikle ele alınmış ve patolojiler ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• benign anorektal hastalıklar
• hemoroidal hastalık
• anal fissür
• perianal fistül

Benign anorectal diseases

Öz

Benign anorectal diseases constitute a highly prevalent group of disorders; however, their exact prevalence cannot be fully determined due to patients' hesitation in expressing their complaints. Consequently, the diagnosis and treatment of benign anorectal diseases are delayed, negatively impacting patients' quality of life and workforce productivity. Benign lesions of this region include disorders such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, perianal abscesses, fistulas, rectal prolapse, and anal incontinence. Additionally, conditions like condylomas, rectovaginal fistulas, and hidradenitis suppurativa are encountered more rarely. To achieve an accurate diagnosis, thorough questioning of symptoms, physical examination of the region, and careful evaluation of ancillary laboratory tests are essential. In this review, the general symptoms and examination findings of benign anorectal diseases encountered in daily clinical practice are primarily addressed, and the specific pathologies are evaluated individually.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• benign anorectal diseases
• hemorrhoidal disease
• anal fissure
• perianal fistula

Kaynakça

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