Three types of sexual harassment of females in public places in Pakistan

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 65 - 73, 27.03.2019

Farida Anwar Karin Österman , Kaj Björkqvist

https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.468324

Cited By: 4

Öz

Aim The
study was aimed at investigating three types of sexual harassment in public
places in Pakistan.

Method A
questionnaire was completed by 543 female students in Pakistan (M = 22.3 years, SD 4.3). The questionnaire included scales for measuring physical,
verbal, and nonverbal sexual harassment, and four scales measuring reactions to
sexual harassment.

Results
Sexual harassment was found to be most common in market places, and the
perpetrator was typically a stranger. Nonverbal sexual harassment was the most
frequent type. Only 2.8% of the respondents had never been victimised from any
of the tree types of sexual harassment. The most common reaction of the victims
was to run away. Respondents highly victimised from physical, verbal or
nonverbal harassment scored higher than others on defensive reactions,
immediate distress, and long-term negative concomitants. Educational level was
not associated with the amount of victimisation from any type of sexual
harassment, but respondents with a high education scored significantly higher
on negative reactions to sexual harassment.

Conclusions Sexual harassment was associated with negative
psychological concomitants for the victims. It can be concluded that sexual
harassment in public places in Pakistan is a huge social problem that needs to
be addressed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sexual harassment, public places, concomitants, education

Kaynakça

• PPID: JOCM-1086-6791-21