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KUVVET KULLANIMINDA RADİKAL DÖNEM: BUSH DOKTRİNİ, IRAK İŞGALİ VE YOĞUNLAŞAN HAKLI/KUTSAL SAVAŞ TARTIŞMALARI

Year 2019, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 343 - 362, 02.07.2019

Abstract

11 Eylül 2001 tarihinde el-Kaide tarafından ABD’ye
düzenlenen terörist saldırılar uluslararası ilişkiler alanında küresel terörizm
ile mücadele ve kuvvet kullanımı ile ilgili tartışmaları yeniden
yoğunlaştırmıştır. Küresel alandaki “yeni” tehdide karşı stratejisini Bush
Doktrini ile oluşturan küresel güç ABD’nin bu çerçevedeki ilk ve somut kuvvet
uygulaması 2003 yılındaki Irak işgali olmuştur. Bu çalışma ilk olarak Irak
işgali ile somut nitelik kazanan Bush Doktrinini,
kuvvet kullanımının tarihsel gelişimi ve günümüzdeki kapsamı açısından
değerlendirmektedir. Dünyanın daha barışçıl ve güvenilir olmasını
demokrasilerin küresel alanda yaygınlaştırılmasına bağlayan Bush Doktrini, haklı savaş ve bu savaş biçiminin önemli
geleneği ve literatürde yeterince dikkat çekilmeyen boyutu kutsal savaş
bağlamında incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Bush doktrinini kutsal savaşa
yaklaştıran Irak savaşını gerekçelendirmeye yönelik kullanılan Amerika Birleşik
Devletleri’nin (ABD) siyasi ve söylemsel eylemlerini, bu girişimlere
uluslararası tepkileri ve bu girişimlerin somut sonuçlarını Irak örneği üzerinden
analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır

References

  • “ABD Savaşı Bitirdi Enkaz Irak’a Kaldı”, Milliyet, 16 December 2011.
  • Adem, Seifudein, “Constructing a New Imperial Order? The War in Iraq and the Ideology of Clashism”, Alternatives, Vol. 2, No.2 (2003), p. 1-26.
  • Aksar, Yusuf, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk II, (Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2015).
  • Altunışık, Meliha Benli, “Turkey’s Iraq Policy: The War and Beyond, Journal of Cotemporary European Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2006), p. 183-196.
  • Antic, Miljenko, “Iraq War (2003-): Was it morally Justified?”, Politicka Misao, Vol. 46, No.1 (2009), p. 88-115.
  • Arı, Tayyar, Irak, İran, ABD ve Petrol, (İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2007).
  • Aydın, Mustafa, Nihat Ali Özcan and Neslihan Kaplanoğlu, “Riskler ve Fırsatlar kavşağında Irak’ın geleceği ve Türkiye”, TEPAV Ortadoğu Çalışmaları, (2007), p. 1-144.
  • Bahaa, Sherine, “Arab Anger”, Al-Ahram Weekly, 10-16 April 2003.
  • Banta, Benjami R., “Just War Theory and the 2003 Iraq War Forced Displacement”, Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3 (2008), p. 261-284.
  • Bellamy, Alex J. and Paul D. Williams, “The New Politics of Protection? Cote d’Ivoire, Libya, and the Responsibility to Protect”, International Affairs, Vol. 82, No. 7 (2011), p. 825-850.
  • Bellamy, Alex J., "Ethics and Intervention: the ‘Humanitarian Exception’ and the Problem of Abuse in the Case of Iraq", Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 41, No. 2 (2004), p. 131-147.
  • Beres, Louis Rene, "On Assassination as Anticipatory Self-defense: the Case of Israel", Hofstra Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2 (1991), p. 321-340.
  • Bloker, Niels M., “Is the Authorization Authorized? Powers and Practice of the UN Security Council to Authorize the Use of Force by “Coalitions of the Able and Willing”, EJIL, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2000), p. 541-568.
  • Brunne, Jutta, and Stephen J. Toope, “Slouching Towards New ‘Just Wars’: International Law and The Use of Force After September 11th”, Netherlands International Law Review, Vol. LI (2004), p. 363-392.
  • Byers, Michael, “Terrorism, the Use of Force and International Law after 11 September”, International Relations, Vol. 16 (2002), p. 155-171.
  • Chesterman, Simon, “‘Leading from Behind’: The Responsibility to Protect, the Obama Doctrine, and Humanitarian Intervention after Libya”, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 3 (2011), p. 279-285.
  • Delahunty, Robert J. and Yoo, John, “ ‘The Bush Doctrine’: Can Preventive War Be Justified?”, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Vol. 32, No. 3 (2009), p. 843-865.
  • Dodge, Toby, “The US and Iraq: Time to go Home”, Survival, Vol. 52, No. 2 (2010), p. 129-140.
  • Dunne, Tim and Mulaj, Klejda, “America after Iraq”, International Affairs, Vol. 86, No.6 (2010), p. 1287-1298.
  • Ereker, Fulya A., "İlkçağlardan Günümüze Haklı Savaş Kavramı", Uluslararası İlişkiler/International Relations, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2004), p.1-36
  • Hale, William, Turkey, the US and Iraq, (London: Middle East Institute, 2007).
  • Fiala Andrew, “Crusades, Just Wars, and the Bush Doctrine”, Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, Vol. 19 (2007), p. 165-172.
  • Fiala, Andrew, “The Bush Doctrine, Democratization, and Humanitarian Intervention A Just War Critique”, Theoria, (2007), p. 28-49.
  • Fried, Amy, “Terrorism as a Context of Coverage before the Iraq War”, the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, Vol. 10 (2005), p. 125-134.
  • Froese, Paul and F. Carson Mencken, "A US holy war? The effects of religion on Iraq war policy attitudes", Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 90, No. 1 (2009), p. 103-116.
  • “George W. Bush., Speeches,” 2002, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases.
  • Ghali, Boutros Boutros, “Empowering the United Nations”, Foreign Affairs, (1992-93), p. 89-102.
  • Glen, Carol M, “The United Nations Charter System and the Iraq Wars Ethical Implications”, Public Integrity, Vol. 11, No. 4 (2009), p. 309- 326.
  • Hammond, John L., “The Bush Doctrine, Preventive War, and International Law”, The Philosophical Forum, Vol. 36 (2005), p. 97-113.
  • Hayajneh, Adnan M. and Al-Shalabi, Jamal A., “The U.S. Occupation of Iraq and the Arab World”, Alternatives, Vol. 4, No. ½ (2005), p. 31-57.
  • Hinnebusch, Raymond, “The American Invasion of Iraq: Causes and Consequences”, Perceptions, (2007), p. 9-28.
  • Hole, Leo Van den, "Anticipatory Self-Defence under International Law", American University International Law Review, Vol. 19, No. 1 (2003), p. 70-105.
  • “Iraq War Costlier than Wietnam”, BBC, 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4201812.stm.
  • İnat, Kemal, “Irak: ABD ve Saddam Hüseyin “İşbirliği” ile Gelen Yıkım”, Dünya Çatışmaları: Çatışma Bölgeleri ve Alanları, Kemal İnat, Burhanettin Duran and Muhittin Ataman (Ed.), Nobel Yayın Evi, Ankara, Cilt 1, 2010, p. 1-99
  • İnat, Kemal (Ed.), ABD'nin" Haydut Devletler"i, (Adapazarı: Değişim, 2004).
  • Kaba, Marcel, “Targeting the World: Assessing the Lawfulness the “Bush Doctrine””, New Presence, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2009), p. 32-37.
  • Kellner, Douglas, “Preemptive Strikes and the War on Iraq: A Critique of Bush Administration Unilateralism and Militarism”, New Political Science, Vol. 26, No. 3 (2004), p. 417-440.
  • Kerton-Johnson, Nicholas, “Justifying the Use of Force in a Post-9/11World: Striving for Hierarchy in International Society”, International Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 5 (2008), p. 991-1007.
  • Keskin, Funda, “İnsancıl Müdahale: 1999 Kosova ve 2003 Irak Sonrası Durum”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt. 3, Sayı. 12 (2006-2007), p. 49-70.
  • Keskin, Funda, Uluslararası Hukukta Kuvvet Kullanma: Savaş, Karışma ve Birleşmiş Milletler, (Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Vakfı Yayınları, Tezler Dizisi:4, 1998).
  • Koçer, Gökhan, “Savaş ve Barış: Temel Seçenekler”, Uluslararası Politikayı Anlamak Ulus Devletten Küreselleşmeye, Zeynep Dağı (Ed.), (İstanbul:Alfa Yayınları, 2007), p. 78-124.
  • Miller, Benjamin, “Explaining Changes in U.S. Grand Strategy: 9/11, the Rise of Offensive Liberalism, and the War in Iraq”, Security Studies, Vol. 19 (2010), p. 26-65.
  • Moses, Jeremy, "Liberal internationalist discourse and the use of force: Blair, Bush and beyond", International Politics, Vol. 47, No. 1 (2010), p. 26-51.
  • O’connel, Mary Ellen, “The Myth of Preemptive Self-Defense”, ASIL, (2002), p. 1-21.
  • “President Delivers State of the Union Address”, 22 Ocak 2009, http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html.
  • Reisman, W. Michael, “Redesigning the United Nations”, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, (1997), p. 1-27.
  • Rigstad, Mark, “Jus ad Bellum After 9/11 A State of Art Report”, The IPT Beacon, Vol. 3, (2007), p. 1-30.
  • Roberts, Adam, “Humanitarian War: Military Intervention and Human Rights”, International Affairs, Vol. 69, No. 3, (1993), p. 429-449.
  • Santos, Maria Helena de Castro and Ulysses Tavares Teixeira, "The essential role of democracy in the Bush Doctrine: the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan", Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, Vol. 56, No. 2 (2013), p. 131-156.
  • Schmidt, Brian C. and Williams, Michael C., “‘The Bush Doctrine’ and Iraq War: Neoconservatives versus Realists”, Security Studies, Vol. 17 (2008), p. 191-220.
  • Smith, Tony, "From Woodrow Wilson in 1902 to the Bush Doctrine in 2002: Democracy Promotion as Imperialism", International Politics, Vol. 48, No. 2-3 (2011), p. 229-250.
  • Stover, William James, “Preemptive War: Implications of the Bush and Rumsfeld Doctrines”, International Journal on World Peace, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2004), p. 3-16.
  • “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America”, Eylül 2002, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/15538.pdf [Last visited 1 December 2011].
  • “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America”, 2006, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss/2006 [Last visited 1 December 2016].
  • Ulfstein, Geir, “Terrorism and the Use of Force”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 34 (2003), p. 153-168.
  • “United Nations Security Council”, Resolution 1441 (2002), Resolution 678, Resolution 687.
  • Westra, Christian J., “Will the ‘Bush Doctrine’ survive its progenitor? An assessment of Jus Ad Bellum norms for the Post-Westphalian Age”, Boston College & Comparative Law Review, Vol. 32 (2009), p. 399-422
  • “Yüzyılın Yalanı”, Milliyet, 17 February 2011.

RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES

Year 2019, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 343 - 362, 02.07.2019

Abstract

The debate on the fight against global terrorism
and the use of force has intensified in the
field of international relations as a result of the September 11, 2001
​​terrorist attacks in the
United States of America perpetrated by al-Qaeda. Designing its strategy with
Bush Doctrine against “new” threat within global area, United States of
America’s (USA) first and concrete use of
force in this context was the invasion of Iraq in 2003. The present study
firstly assesses the Bush Doctrine with
respect to the historical and present context of the use of force. The Bush Doctrine that links a more peaceful and safe world
to global democratization, is analyzed within the framework of “the just war” (bellum iustum) and its important
tradition and least-emphasized dimension within the literature, holy war. In
this context, the study intends to analyze USA’s discursive and political
practices to justify Iraq war that brings Bush Doctrine to holy war,
international reactions to these attempts and tangible results of these policies
through the Iraq example
.

References

  • “ABD Savaşı Bitirdi Enkaz Irak’a Kaldı”, Milliyet, 16 December 2011.
  • Adem, Seifudein, “Constructing a New Imperial Order? The War in Iraq and the Ideology of Clashism”, Alternatives, Vol. 2, No.2 (2003), p. 1-26.
  • Aksar, Yusuf, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk II, (Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2015).
  • Altunışık, Meliha Benli, “Turkey’s Iraq Policy: The War and Beyond, Journal of Cotemporary European Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2006), p. 183-196.
  • Antic, Miljenko, “Iraq War (2003-): Was it morally Justified?”, Politicka Misao, Vol. 46, No.1 (2009), p. 88-115.
  • Arı, Tayyar, Irak, İran, ABD ve Petrol, (İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2007).
  • Aydın, Mustafa, Nihat Ali Özcan and Neslihan Kaplanoğlu, “Riskler ve Fırsatlar kavşağında Irak’ın geleceği ve Türkiye”, TEPAV Ortadoğu Çalışmaları, (2007), p. 1-144.
  • Bahaa, Sherine, “Arab Anger”, Al-Ahram Weekly, 10-16 April 2003.
  • Banta, Benjami R., “Just War Theory and the 2003 Iraq War Forced Displacement”, Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3 (2008), p. 261-284.
  • Bellamy, Alex J. and Paul D. Williams, “The New Politics of Protection? Cote d’Ivoire, Libya, and the Responsibility to Protect”, International Affairs, Vol. 82, No. 7 (2011), p. 825-850.
  • Bellamy, Alex J., "Ethics and Intervention: the ‘Humanitarian Exception’ and the Problem of Abuse in the Case of Iraq", Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 41, No. 2 (2004), p. 131-147.
  • Beres, Louis Rene, "On Assassination as Anticipatory Self-defense: the Case of Israel", Hofstra Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2 (1991), p. 321-340.
  • Bloker, Niels M., “Is the Authorization Authorized? Powers and Practice of the UN Security Council to Authorize the Use of Force by “Coalitions of the Able and Willing”, EJIL, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2000), p. 541-568.
  • Brunne, Jutta, and Stephen J. Toope, “Slouching Towards New ‘Just Wars’: International Law and The Use of Force After September 11th”, Netherlands International Law Review, Vol. LI (2004), p. 363-392.
  • Byers, Michael, “Terrorism, the Use of Force and International Law after 11 September”, International Relations, Vol. 16 (2002), p. 155-171.
  • Chesterman, Simon, “‘Leading from Behind’: The Responsibility to Protect, the Obama Doctrine, and Humanitarian Intervention after Libya”, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 3 (2011), p. 279-285.
  • Delahunty, Robert J. and Yoo, John, “ ‘The Bush Doctrine’: Can Preventive War Be Justified?”, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Vol. 32, No. 3 (2009), p. 843-865.
  • Dodge, Toby, “The US and Iraq: Time to go Home”, Survival, Vol. 52, No. 2 (2010), p. 129-140.
  • Dunne, Tim and Mulaj, Klejda, “America after Iraq”, International Affairs, Vol. 86, No.6 (2010), p. 1287-1298.
  • Ereker, Fulya A., "İlkçağlardan Günümüze Haklı Savaş Kavramı", Uluslararası İlişkiler/International Relations, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2004), p.1-36
  • Hale, William, Turkey, the US and Iraq, (London: Middle East Institute, 2007).
  • Fiala Andrew, “Crusades, Just Wars, and the Bush Doctrine”, Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, Vol. 19 (2007), p. 165-172.
  • Fiala, Andrew, “The Bush Doctrine, Democratization, and Humanitarian Intervention A Just War Critique”, Theoria, (2007), p. 28-49.
  • Fried, Amy, “Terrorism as a Context of Coverage before the Iraq War”, the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, Vol. 10 (2005), p. 125-134.
  • Froese, Paul and F. Carson Mencken, "A US holy war? The effects of religion on Iraq war policy attitudes", Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 90, No. 1 (2009), p. 103-116.
  • “George W. Bush., Speeches,” 2002, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases.
  • Ghali, Boutros Boutros, “Empowering the United Nations”, Foreign Affairs, (1992-93), p. 89-102.
  • Glen, Carol M, “The United Nations Charter System and the Iraq Wars Ethical Implications”, Public Integrity, Vol. 11, No. 4 (2009), p. 309- 326.
  • Hammond, John L., “The Bush Doctrine, Preventive War, and International Law”, The Philosophical Forum, Vol. 36 (2005), p. 97-113.
  • Hayajneh, Adnan M. and Al-Shalabi, Jamal A., “The U.S. Occupation of Iraq and the Arab World”, Alternatives, Vol. 4, No. ½ (2005), p. 31-57.
  • Hinnebusch, Raymond, “The American Invasion of Iraq: Causes and Consequences”, Perceptions, (2007), p. 9-28.
  • Hole, Leo Van den, "Anticipatory Self-Defence under International Law", American University International Law Review, Vol. 19, No. 1 (2003), p. 70-105.
  • “Iraq War Costlier than Wietnam”, BBC, 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4201812.stm.
  • İnat, Kemal, “Irak: ABD ve Saddam Hüseyin “İşbirliği” ile Gelen Yıkım”, Dünya Çatışmaları: Çatışma Bölgeleri ve Alanları, Kemal İnat, Burhanettin Duran and Muhittin Ataman (Ed.), Nobel Yayın Evi, Ankara, Cilt 1, 2010, p. 1-99
  • İnat, Kemal (Ed.), ABD'nin" Haydut Devletler"i, (Adapazarı: Değişim, 2004).
  • Kaba, Marcel, “Targeting the World: Assessing the Lawfulness the “Bush Doctrine””, New Presence, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2009), p. 32-37.
  • Kellner, Douglas, “Preemptive Strikes and the War on Iraq: A Critique of Bush Administration Unilateralism and Militarism”, New Political Science, Vol. 26, No. 3 (2004), p. 417-440.
  • Kerton-Johnson, Nicholas, “Justifying the Use of Force in a Post-9/11World: Striving for Hierarchy in International Society”, International Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 5 (2008), p. 991-1007.
  • Keskin, Funda, “İnsancıl Müdahale: 1999 Kosova ve 2003 Irak Sonrası Durum”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt. 3, Sayı. 12 (2006-2007), p. 49-70.
  • Keskin, Funda, Uluslararası Hukukta Kuvvet Kullanma: Savaş, Karışma ve Birleşmiş Milletler, (Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Vakfı Yayınları, Tezler Dizisi:4, 1998).
  • Koçer, Gökhan, “Savaş ve Barış: Temel Seçenekler”, Uluslararası Politikayı Anlamak Ulus Devletten Küreselleşmeye, Zeynep Dağı (Ed.), (İstanbul:Alfa Yayınları, 2007), p. 78-124.
  • Miller, Benjamin, “Explaining Changes in U.S. Grand Strategy: 9/11, the Rise of Offensive Liberalism, and the War in Iraq”, Security Studies, Vol. 19 (2010), p. 26-65.
  • Moses, Jeremy, "Liberal internationalist discourse and the use of force: Blair, Bush and beyond", International Politics, Vol. 47, No. 1 (2010), p. 26-51.
  • O’connel, Mary Ellen, “The Myth of Preemptive Self-Defense”, ASIL, (2002), p. 1-21.
  • “President Delivers State of the Union Address”, 22 Ocak 2009, http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html.
  • Reisman, W. Michael, “Redesigning the United Nations”, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, (1997), p. 1-27.
  • Rigstad, Mark, “Jus ad Bellum After 9/11 A State of Art Report”, The IPT Beacon, Vol. 3, (2007), p. 1-30.
  • Roberts, Adam, “Humanitarian War: Military Intervention and Human Rights”, International Affairs, Vol. 69, No. 3, (1993), p. 429-449.
  • Santos, Maria Helena de Castro and Ulysses Tavares Teixeira, "The essential role of democracy in the Bush Doctrine: the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan", Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, Vol. 56, No. 2 (2013), p. 131-156.
  • Schmidt, Brian C. and Williams, Michael C., “‘The Bush Doctrine’ and Iraq War: Neoconservatives versus Realists”, Security Studies, Vol. 17 (2008), p. 191-220.
  • Smith, Tony, "From Woodrow Wilson in 1902 to the Bush Doctrine in 2002: Democracy Promotion as Imperialism", International Politics, Vol. 48, No. 2-3 (2011), p. 229-250.
  • Stover, William James, “Preemptive War: Implications of the Bush and Rumsfeld Doctrines”, International Journal on World Peace, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2004), p. 3-16.
  • “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America”, Eylül 2002, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/15538.pdf [Last visited 1 December 2011].
  • “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America”, 2006, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss/2006 [Last visited 1 December 2016].
  • Ulfstein, Geir, “Terrorism and the Use of Force”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 34 (2003), p. 153-168.
  • “United Nations Security Council”, Resolution 1441 (2002), Resolution 678, Resolution 687.
  • Westra, Christian J., “Will the ‘Bush Doctrine’ survive its progenitor? An assessment of Jus Ad Bellum norms for the Post-Westphalian Age”, Boston College & Comparative Law Review, Vol. 32 (2009), p. 399-422
  • “Yüzyılın Yalanı”, Milliyet, 17 February 2011.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Yetim

Hüsna Taş Yetim This is me 0000-0002-8581-0656

Publication Date July 2, 2019
Submission Date September 19, 2018
Acceptance Date February 18, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yetim, M., & Taş Yetim, H. (2019). RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 343-362.
AMA Yetim M, Taş Yetim H. RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES. JSSR. July 2019;14(1):343-362.
Chicago Yetim, Mustafa, and Hüsna Taş Yetim. “RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 14, no. 1 (July 2019): 343-62.
EndNote Yetim M, Taş Yetim H (July 1, 2019) RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 14 1 343–362.
IEEE M. Yetim and H. Taş Yetim, “RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES”, JSSR, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 343–362, 2019.
ISNAD Yetim, Mustafa - Taş Yetim, Hüsna. “RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 14/1 (July 2019), 343-362.
JAMA Yetim M, Taş Yetim H. RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES. JSSR. 2019;14:343–362.
MLA Yetim, Mustafa and Hüsna Taş Yetim. “RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 1, 2019, pp. 343-62.
Vancouver Yetim M, Taş Yetim H. RADICAL PERIOD on THE USE of FORCE: BUSH DOCTRINE, INVASION of IRAQ and INTENSIFYING JUST/HOLY WAR DEBATES. JSSR. 2019;14(1):343-62.


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