Düşük Karbon Ekonomisine Geçiş ve Bu Geçişte Karbon Yakalama ve Depolamanın Rolü

Year 2019, ECONOMY&POLITICS SPECIAL ISSUE, 205 - 224, 30.12.2019

Tunç Durmaz

Abstract

Düşük karbonlu enerji teknolojileri arasında karbon yakalama ve depolama (KYD) farklılık arz eden bir teknolojidir. Tek varoluş sebebi iklim değişikliğinin yavaşlatılması ya da önüne geçilmesi olup sürdürülebilir bir dönüşüm için en uygun maliyeti olan teknolojik çözümlerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Ancak, uluslararası düzeyde KYD çalışmalarının yavaşladığı bir döneme şahitlik etmekteyiz. Bu makalenin amacı enerji, ağır sanayi ve yakıt imalat sektörlerinde karbon dioksit (CO2) salınımlarını azaltmak için kilit bir teknoloji olmasına rağmen KYD’nin neden istenilen düzeyde kullanılmadığını irdelemektir. KYD’den büyük ölçekte faydalanabilmek ve KYD’nin iklim değişikliğiyle olan mücadelede etkili olabilmesi için güçlü ekonomik saiklere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu politikalar genellikle iki şekildedir. Bunlardan birincisi talebin getirdiği (market-pull) diğeri de teknolojinin sürüklediği (technology-push) politikadır. Talebin getirdiği politikaya örnek olarak karbon emisyonlarının fiyatlandırılması (vergilendirilmesi) verilebilir. Gelecekte KYD’nin rolü (i) belirlenecek karbon fiyatı seviyesine (ii) ülkelerin hali hazırdaki enerji portföylerine ve (iii) diğer düşük karbonlu enerji üretim teknolojilerinin, teknolojik gelişme ve öğrenmeye bağlı olarak, zamanla değişecek olan (birim) üretim maliyetlerine göre şekillenecektir.

Keywords

düşük karbon ekonomisi, karbon fiyatlandırması, yenilenebilir enerji, İklim değişikliği, karbon yakalama ve depolama

Transition to A Low-Carbon Economy and The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage

Abstract

Among low-carbon energy technologies, carbon
capture and storage (CCS) is a distinct type of technology. The main reason for
its existence is to slow down climate change, and it is considered as one of
the most cost-effective solutions for a sustainable energy transformation. Even
though CCS is a crucial technology to capture emissions from emissions-intense
industrial processes, such as energy, cement, steel, and petrochemicals, we are
witnessing a period of slow growth in its activity. This article discusses the
reasons for this slow progress and, by using a simple economic model, presents
factors, such as a sufficiently high carbon price or a pure CCS subsidy, that
can promote CCS. The study highlights that political support is a critical
factor for the development of CCS technologies and that CCS and renewable
energy are complementary in combating climate change

Keywords

Climate change, carbon capture and storage

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