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ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 16 - 29, 28.06.2023

Esra Sarıoğlu , Qingye Tang , Fuat Öz , Barış Yiğit Demiral

https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1202520

Abstract

Uluslararası arenada, siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanda yaşanan değişim ve gelişimler ile ülkeler bu yeniliklere uyum sağlayabilmek ve diğer ülkelerden daha güçlü bir konuma gelebilmek için ülke imajı ve ülke itibarı kavramlarına önem vermeye başlamışlardır. 21. Yüzyılın büyümekte ve gelişmekte olan en önemli ülkelerinden biri hiç kuşkusuz Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çin de diğer ülkeler gibi imaj ve itibar kavramlarına önem vermekte ve bunlar için birtakım çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Günümüzde ise Çin menşeli ürünler dünyanın her yerine ulaşmakta ve tüketicilerin tercihine sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Çin’in ülke imajı ile itibarının, tüketicilerin Çin menşeli ürünlere karşı sahip oldukları kalite algısı üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla çalışma, 1-24 Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında yüz yüze anket yöntemi ve kolayda örnekleme metoduyla 418 tüketicinin katılımı ile tamamlanmıştır. Ancak hatalı ve eksik veriler nedeniyle 403 katılımcının verileri ile analizler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ile güvenilirlik testi, frekans ve regrasyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda ise; Çin ülke imajı ve itibarının, Çin menşeli ürünlerin kalite algısı üzerinde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Ülke İmajı Ülke İtibarı Menşe Ülke Kalite Algısı Çin

References

  • Aaker, D. A. (1991), Managing The Brand Equity, New York: The Free Press.
  • Agarwal, S.; Teas, R. K. (2001), "Perceived Value: Mediating Role of Perceived Risk", Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9:4, 1-14.
  • Ahmed, S. A.; D’Astous, A. (1996), "Country of Origin and Brand Effects: A Multidimensional and Multi-Attribute Study", Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 9:2, 93-115.
  • Anderson, P. H.; Chao, P. (2003), "Country of Origin Effects in Global Industrial Sourcing: Toward an Integrated Framework", Management International Review, 43:4, 339-60.
  • Anholt, S. (2007), Competitive Identity: The New Brand Management for Nations, Cities and Regions, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Anholt, S. (2010), Places: Identity, Image and Reputation, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY.
  • Arıkan, R. (2013), Anketler ve Anket Soruları, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Bhuian, S. N. (1997), "Marketing Cues and Perceived Quality: Perceptions of Saudi Consumers Toward Products of The U.S., Japan, Germany, Italy, U.K. and France", Journal of Quality Management, 2:2, 217-234.
  • Bolin, G.; Stahlberg, P. (2002), Between Community and Commodity: Nationalism and Nation Branding, (Ed.) Anna Roosvall and Inka Salovaara, Communication the Nation: Sweden.
  • Bulibuli, A.; Maitiniyazi, S.; Karimov, N. (2022), "The Effects of China’s Country-of-Origin Image on Uzbekistani Consumers’ Food Purchase Intentions", Sustainability, 14:19, 1-14.
  • Buzzell, R. D.; Gale, B. T. (1987), "The PIMS Principles: Linking Strategy to Performance", New York: The Free Press.
  • Cervino, J.; Sanchez, J.; Cubillo, J. M. (2005), "Made in Effect, Competitive Marketing Strategy and Brand Performance: An Empirical Analysis for Spanish Brands", Journal of American Academy of Business, 6:2, 237-43.
  • Costa, C.; Carneiro, J.; Goldszmidt, R. (2016), "A Contingent Approach to Country-of-Origin Effects on Foreign Products Evaluation: Interaction of Facets Of Country Image With Product Classes". International Business Review, 25:5, 1066-1075.
  • Darsono, L. I.; Junaedi, C. M. (2006), "An Examination of Perceived Quality, Satisfaction and Loyalty Relationship", Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business September-December, 8:3, 323-342.
  • Fan, Y. (2006), "Branding the Nation: What is Being Branded?", Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12:1, 5-14.
  • Fan, Y. (2010), "Branding the Nation: Towards a Better Understanding", Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6:2, 97-103.
  • Fetscherin, M. (2010), "The Determinants and Measurement of a Country Brand: The Country Brand Strength Index", Marketing Review, 27:4, 466–479.
  • Fong, C.; Lee, C.; Du, Y. (2014), "Consumer Animosity, Country of Origin, and Foreign Entry-Mode Choice: A Cross-Country Investigation", Journal of International Marketing, 22:1, 62–76.
  • Gegez, E. (2005), Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Hakala, U.; Lemmetyinen, A.; Kantola, S. (2013), "Country Image as a Nation-Branding Tool", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31:5, 538-556.
  • Han, C. M. (1989), "Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct?", Journal of Marketing Research, 26:2, 222-229.
  • Harris, T. L.; Whalen P. T. (2009), "21. Yüzyılda Pazarlama Profesyonellerinin Halkla İlişkiler El Kitabı", Rota Yayınları.
  • Hoang, H. T.; Ho, K. N. B.; Tran, T. P.; Le, T. Q. (2022), "The Extension of Animosity Model of Foreign Product Purchase: Does Country of Origin Matter? ". Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 1-14.
  • https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dunya-Nufus-Gunu-2022. Erişim Tarihi: 06.07.2022.
  • Hynes, N., Caemmerer, B., Martin, E., & Masters, E. (2014). Use, abuse or contribute!: A framework for classifying how companies engage with country image. International Marketing Review.
  • Kang, M.; Yang, S. (2010), "Comparing Effects of Country Reputation and the Overall Corporate Reputations of a Country on International Consumers Product Attitudes and Purchase Intentions", Corporate Reputation Review, 13:1, 52-62.
  • Koubaa, Y. (2008), "Country of Origin, Brand Image Perception and Brand Image Structure", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 20:2, 139-155.
  • Köksoy, E. (2014), "Kamu diplomasisi ve halkla ilişkiler ilişkisi: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme", Marmara İletişim Dergisi, (22), 211- 231.
  • Leonidau, L.; Hadjimarcou, J.; Kaleka, A.; Stamenova, G. (1999), "Bulgarian Consumers’ Perceptions of Products Made in Asia Pacific", International Marketing Review, 16:2, 126-142.
  • Maher, A. A.; Carter, L. L (2011), "The Affective and Cognitive Components of Country Image: Perceptions of American Products in Kuwait", International Marketing Review, 28:6, 559-580.
  • Manrai, L. A.; Lascu, D. N.; Manrai, A. K. (1998), "Interactive Effects of Country of Origin and Product Category on Product Evaluations", International Business Review, 7:6, 591-615.
  • Martin, I. M.; Eroglu, S. (1993),"Measuring a Multi-dimensional Construct: Country Image", Journal of Business Research, 28:3, 191- 210.
  • Nagashima, A. (1970), "A Comparison of Japanese and US Attitudes Toward Foreign Products", Journal of Marketing, 34:1, 68-74.
  • Nart, S. (2008), "Menşe Ülke Etkisinin Tüketici Algılamaları ve Davranışlarına Yansımaları: İngiltere Pazarında Türk ve Alman Markalarının Karşılaştırılması", Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13:3, 153-177
  • O’Cass A.; Lim K. (2002), "Understanding Younger Singaporean Consumers’ Views of Western and Eastern Brands", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 14:4, 54-79.
  • Öztürk, G. R.; Özdemir Çakır, H. (2015), "Ülke İmajının ve Ülke İtibarının Marka Tercihine Etkisinde Menşe Ülke Kavramının Rolü: Türk Tüketiciler Üzerine Bir Araştırma", Global Media Journal Tr Edition, 5:10, 317-340.
  • Pappu, R.; Quester, G.P.; Cooksey, W.R. (2007), "Country Image and Consumer-Based Brand Equity: Relationships and Implications For International Marketing", Journal of International Business Studies, 38:5, 726-745.
  • Passow, T.; Fehlmann, R.; Grahlow, H. (2005), "Country Reputation from Measurement to Management: The Case of Liechtenstein", Corporate Reputation Review, 7:4, 309-326.
  • Paswan A.K.; Sharma D. (2004), "Brand Country of Origin (COO) Knowledge and COO Image: Investigation in an Emerging Franchise Market", Journal of Product and Brand Management, 13:3, 144–155.
  • Peterson, R. A.; Jolibert, A. J. P. (1976), "A Cross-National Investigation of Price and Brand as Determinants of Perceived Product Quality", Journal of Applied Psychology, 61:4, 533-536.
  • Peterson, R. A.; Jolibert, A. J. P. (1995), "A Meta-Analysis of Country-of-Origin Effects", Journal of International Business Studies, 26:4, 883-900.
  • Szwajca, D. (2017), "The Importance of Reputation of a Country in the Process of Building its Competitive Advantage of the Global Market", Scientific Journal WSPIF, 1, 99-114.
  • Tench, R.; Yeomans, L. (2006), "Exploring Public Relations", Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Türk, B. (2020), "Yabancı Ürün Satın Alma Niyetinde Ekonomik Düşmanlık Algısı, Ülke ve Ürün İmajı Etkisi", Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 24:83, 49-69.
  • Verlegh, P.W.J.; Steenkamp, J.E.M. (1999), "A Review and Meta-Analysis of Country of Origin Research", Journal of Economic Psychology, 20, 521-546.
  • Wang, C. L.; Li, D.; Barnes, B. R.; Ahn, J. (2012), "Country Image, Product Image and Consumer Purchase Intention: Evidence from an Emerging Economy", International Business Review, 21:6, 1041-1051.
  • Wang, J. (2006), "Managing National Reputation and International Relations in The Global Era: Public Diplomacy Revisited ", Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96.
  • Yang, S. U.; Shin, H., Lee, J.; Wrigley, B. (2008), "Country Reputation in Multidimensions: Predictors, Effects and Communication Channels", Journal of Public Relations Research, 20:4, 421–440.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017), "Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması", Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 46: Özel Sayı, 74-85.
  • Yu, C. J.; Wu, L.Y.; Chiao, Y. C.; Tai, H.S. (2005), "Perceived Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: The Case of Lexus in Taiwan", Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 16:6, 707-719.
  • Zaharna, R. (2010), Battles to Bridges, New York. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Zain, O. M.; Yasin, N. M. (1997), "The Importance of Country‐of‐Origin Information and Perceived Product Quality in Uzbekistan ",International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 28:4/5, 139-154.

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 16 - 29, 28.06.2023

Esra Sarıoğlu , Qingye Tang , Fuat Öz , Barış Yiğit Demiral

https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1202520

Abstract

References

  • Aaker, D. A. (1991), Managing The Brand Equity, New York: The Free Press.
  • Agarwal, S.; Teas, R. K. (2001), "Perceived Value: Mediating Role of Perceived Risk", Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9:4, 1-14.
  • Ahmed, S. A.; D’Astous, A. (1996), "Country of Origin and Brand Effects: A Multidimensional and Multi-Attribute Study", Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 9:2, 93-115.
  • Anderson, P. H.; Chao, P. (2003), "Country of Origin Effects in Global Industrial Sourcing: Toward an Integrated Framework", Management International Review, 43:4, 339-60.
  • Anholt, S. (2007), Competitive Identity: The New Brand Management for Nations, Cities and Regions, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Anholt, S. (2010), Places: Identity, Image and Reputation, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY.
  • Arıkan, R. (2013), Anketler ve Anket Soruları, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Bhuian, S. N. (1997), "Marketing Cues and Perceived Quality: Perceptions of Saudi Consumers Toward Products of The U.S., Japan, Germany, Italy, U.K. and France", Journal of Quality Management, 2:2, 217-234.
  • Bolin, G.; Stahlberg, P. (2002), Between Community and Commodity: Nationalism and Nation Branding, (Ed.) Anna Roosvall and Inka Salovaara, Communication the Nation: Sweden.
  • Bulibuli, A.; Maitiniyazi, S.; Karimov, N. (2022), "The Effects of China’s Country-of-Origin Image on Uzbekistani Consumers’ Food Purchase Intentions", Sustainability, 14:19, 1-14.
  • Buzzell, R. D.; Gale, B. T. (1987), "The PIMS Principles: Linking Strategy to Performance", New York: The Free Press.
  • Cervino, J.; Sanchez, J.; Cubillo, J. M. (2005), "Made in Effect, Competitive Marketing Strategy and Brand Performance: An Empirical Analysis for Spanish Brands", Journal of American Academy of Business, 6:2, 237-43.
  • Costa, C.; Carneiro, J.; Goldszmidt, R. (2016), "A Contingent Approach to Country-of-Origin Effects on Foreign Products Evaluation: Interaction of Facets Of Country Image With Product Classes". International Business Review, 25:5, 1066-1075.
  • Darsono, L. I.; Junaedi, C. M. (2006), "An Examination of Perceived Quality, Satisfaction and Loyalty Relationship", Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business September-December, 8:3, 323-342.
  • Fan, Y. (2006), "Branding the Nation: What is Being Branded?", Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12:1, 5-14.
  • Fan, Y. (2010), "Branding the Nation: Towards a Better Understanding", Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6:2, 97-103.
  • Fetscherin, M. (2010), "The Determinants and Measurement of a Country Brand: The Country Brand Strength Index", Marketing Review, 27:4, 466–479.
  • Fong, C.; Lee, C.; Du, Y. (2014), "Consumer Animosity, Country of Origin, and Foreign Entry-Mode Choice: A Cross-Country Investigation", Journal of International Marketing, 22:1, 62–76.
  • Gegez, E. (2005), Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Hakala, U.; Lemmetyinen, A.; Kantola, S. (2013), "Country Image as a Nation-Branding Tool", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31:5, 538-556.
  • Han, C. M. (1989), "Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct?", Journal of Marketing Research, 26:2, 222-229.
  • Harris, T. L.; Whalen P. T. (2009), "21. Yüzyılda Pazarlama Profesyonellerinin Halkla İlişkiler El Kitabı", Rota Yayınları.
  • Hoang, H. T.; Ho, K. N. B.; Tran, T. P.; Le, T. Q. (2022), "The Extension of Animosity Model of Foreign Product Purchase: Does Country of Origin Matter? ". Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 1-14.
  • https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dunya-Nufus-Gunu-2022. Erişim Tarihi: 06.07.2022.
  • Hynes, N., Caemmerer, B., Martin, E., & Masters, E. (2014). Use, abuse or contribute!: A framework for classifying how companies engage with country image. International Marketing Review.
  • Kang, M.; Yang, S. (2010), "Comparing Effects of Country Reputation and the Overall Corporate Reputations of a Country on International Consumers Product Attitudes and Purchase Intentions", Corporate Reputation Review, 13:1, 52-62.
  • Koubaa, Y. (2008), "Country of Origin, Brand Image Perception and Brand Image Structure", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 20:2, 139-155.
  • Köksoy, E. (2014), "Kamu diplomasisi ve halkla ilişkiler ilişkisi: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme", Marmara İletişim Dergisi, (22), 211- 231.
  • Leonidau, L.; Hadjimarcou, J.; Kaleka, A.; Stamenova, G. (1999), "Bulgarian Consumers’ Perceptions of Products Made in Asia Pacific", International Marketing Review, 16:2, 126-142.
  • Maher, A. A.; Carter, L. L (2011), "The Affective and Cognitive Components of Country Image: Perceptions of American Products in Kuwait", International Marketing Review, 28:6, 559-580.
  • Manrai, L. A.; Lascu, D. N.; Manrai, A. K. (1998), "Interactive Effects of Country of Origin and Product Category on Product Evaluations", International Business Review, 7:6, 591-615.
  • Martin, I. M.; Eroglu, S. (1993),"Measuring a Multi-dimensional Construct: Country Image", Journal of Business Research, 28:3, 191- 210.
  • Nagashima, A. (1970), "A Comparison of Japanese and US Attitudes Toward Foreign Products", Journal of Marketing, 34:1, 68-74.
  • Nart, S. (2008), "Menşe Ülke Etkisinin Tüketici Algılamaları ve Davranışlarına Yansımaları: İngiltere Pazarında Türk ve Alman Markalarının Karşılaştırılması", Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13:3, 153-177
  • O’Cass A.; Lim K. (2002), "Understanding Younger Singaporean Consumers’ Views of Western and Eastern Brands", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 14:4, 54-79.
  • Öztürk, G. R.; Özdemir Çakır, H. (2015), "Ülke İmajının ve Ülke İtibarının Marka Tercihine Etkisinde Menşe Ülke Kavramının Rolü: Türk Tüketiciler Üzerine Bir Araştırma", Global Media Journal Tr Edition, 5:10, 317-340.
  • Pappu, R.; Quester, G.P.; Cooksey, W.R. (2007), "Country Image and Consumer-Based Brand Equity: Relationships and Implications For International Marketing", Journal of International Business Studies, 38:5, 726-745.
  • Passow, T.; Fehlmann, R.; Grahlow, H. (2005), "Country Reputation from Measurement to Management: The Case of Liechtenstein", Corporate Reputation Review, 7:4, 309-326.
  • Paswan A.K.; Sharma D. (2004), "Brand Country of Origin (COO) Knowledge and COO Image: Investigation in an Emerging Franchise Market", Journal of Product and Brand Management, 13:3, 144–155.
  • Peterson, R. A.; Jolibert, A. J. P. (1976), "A Cross-National Investigation of Price and Brand as Determinants of Perceived Product Quality", Journal of Applied Psychology, 61:4, 533-536.
  • Peterson, R. A.; Jolibert, A. J. P. (1995), "A Meta-Analysis of Country-of-Origin Effects", Journal of International Business Studies, 26:4, 883-900.
  • Szwajca, D. (2017), "The Importance of Reputation of a Country in the Process of Building its Competitive Advantage of the Global Market", Scientific Journal WSPIF, 1, 99-114.
  • Tench, R.; Yeomans, L. (2006), "Exploring Public Relations", Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Türk, B. (2020), "Yabancı Ürün Satın Alma Niyetinde Ekonomik Düşmanlık Algısı, Ülke ve Ürün İmajı Etkisi", Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 24:83, 49-69.
  • Verlegh, P.W.J.; Steenkamp, J.E.M. (1999), "A Review and Meta-Analysis of Country of Origin Research", Journal of Economic Psychology, 20, 521-546.
  • Wang, C. L.; Li, D.; Barnes, B. R.; Ahn, J. (2012), "Country Image, Product Image and Consumer Purchase Intention: Evidence from an Emerging Economy", International Business Review, 21:6, 1041-1051.
  • Wang, J. (2006), "Managing National Reputation and International Relations in The Global Era: Public Diplomacy Revisited ", Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96.
  • Yang, S. U.; Shin, H., Lee, J.; Wrigley, B. (2008), "Country Reputation in Multidimensions: Predictors, Effects and Communication Channels", Journal of Public Relations Research, 20:4, 421–440.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017), "Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması", Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 46: Özel Sayı, 74-85.
  • Yu, C. J.; Wu, L.Y.; Chiao, Y. C.; Tai, H.S. (2005), "Perceived Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: The Case of Lexus in Taiwan", Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 16:6, 707-719.
  • Zaharna, R. (2010), Battles to Bridges, New York. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Zain, O. M.; Yasin, N. M. (1997), "The Importance of Country‐of‐Origin Information and Perceived Product Quality in Uzbekistan ",International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 28:4/5, 139-154.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esra Sarıoğlu 0000-0002-9049-3069

Qingye Tang 0000-0002-9034-5605

Fuat Öz 0000-0002-6171-4352

Barış Yiğit Demiral 0000-0002-0196-1765

Publication Date June 28, 2023
Submission Date November 10, 2022
Acceptance Date March 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sarıoğlu, E., Tang, Q., Öz, F., Demiral, B. Y. (2023). ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(1), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1202520
AMA Sarıoğlu E, Tang Q, Öz F, Demiral BY. ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. JSSR. June 2023;18(1):16-29. doi:10.48145/gopsbad.1202520
Chicago Sarıoğlu, Esra, Qingye Tang, Fuat Öz, and Barış Yiğit Demiral. “ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 18, no. 1 (June 2023): 16-29. https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1202520.
EndNote Sarıoğlu E, Tang Q, Öz F, Demiral BY (June 1, 2023) ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 18 1 16–29.
IEEE E. Sarıoğlu, Q. Tang, F. Öz, and B. Y. Demiral, “ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”, JSSR, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 16–29, 2023, doi: 10.48145/gopsbad.1202520.
ISNAD Sarıoğlu, Esra et al. “ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 18/1 (June 2023), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1202520.
JAMA Sarıoğlu E, Tang Q, Öz F, Demiral BY. ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. JSSR. 2023;18:16–29.
MLA Sarıoğlu, Esra et al. “ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 1, 2023, pp. 16-29, doi:10.48145/gopsbad.1202520.
Vancouver Sarıoğlu E, Tang Q, Öz F, Demiral BY. ÇİN ÜLKE İMAJI VE İTİBARININ, ÇİN MENŞELİ ÜRÜNLERİN KALİTE ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. JSSR. 2023;18(1):16-29.
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