E7 ÜLKELERİNDE YOLSUZLUKLAR ve DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARI İLİŞKİSİ: PANEL ARDL ANALİZİ

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 110 - 122, 31.12.2024

Özgür Koçbulut

https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1519394

Abstract

Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların (DYY) özellikle gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomileri üzerinde önemli etkilere sahip olması ekonomistler için oldukça geniş bir araştırma alanı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda daha çok DYY’nin temel belirleyicileri üzerine yoğunlaşılmış ve analizlerde genellikle yurt içi ekonomik ortam, pazar büyüklüğü, altyapı, beşeri sermaye, ekonomik açıklık, sermaye getirisi, siyasi istikrar gibi değişkenler dikkate alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise, E7 ülkelerinde yolsuzlukların DYY girişleri üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Literatürde yolsuzlukların DYY üzerindeki etkisi; “uzanan el” ve “yardım eli” olmak üzere iki yaklaşım dâhilinde açıklanmaktadır. Uzanan el yaklaşımında yolsuzlukların, belirsizliği ve işlem maliyetlerini artırarak doğrudan yabancı yatırımları engellediği ileri sürülmektedir. Yardım eli yaklaşımında ise yolsuzlukların bürokrasiyi, yönetimdeki hantallığı ortadan kaldırıp adeta ticaretin çarklarını yağlayarak doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerine yardımcı olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. PMG (Pooled Mean Group) tahmincisinden elde edilen sonuçlar; E7 ülkelerinde yolsuzlukların doğrudan yabancı yatırımları negatif etkilediğini dolayısıyla bu ülkelerde doğrudan yabancı yatırım tercihlerinin yolsuzluklardan olumsuz etkilendiğini ileri süren uzanan el yaklaşımının desteklendiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle yolsuzlukları en aza indirmek ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerini artırmak için E7 ülkelerinin iyi bir yönetişim kurması çok önemlidir. Bunu başarmak için hangi alanların hükümet yetkililerine yolsuzluk açısından en fazla fırsat sağladığı tespit edilmeli ve gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmalıdır.

Keywords

Yolsuzluk, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım, Panel ARDL

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