Farklı Arazi Kullanımı Altında Meydana Gelen Toprak ve Yüzey Akış Kayıplarının Wepp Hillslope Modeli Kullanılarak Tahmin Edilmesi

Year 2017, , 97 - 104, 29.12.2017

Saniye Demir İrfan Oğuz Ömer Faruk Ciba Erhan Özer

https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag4411

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Arazi kullanımı ve yönetimi, toprakların strüktürel özellikleri ve erozyona duyarlılıkları bakımından önemli bir değişkendir. Bu çalışmada, WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project, 2012) Hillslope modeli kullanmak suretiyle farklı arazi kullanımı altındaki arazilerde meydana gelen toprak kayıpları ve yüzey akış miktarları tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışma, Karadeniz ile İç Anadolu bölgesi arasında yer alan Tokat-Sivas karayolunun 20.km mesafesinde yürütülmüştür. 2010-2015 yılları arasındaki iklim verileri kullanılmıştır. Ortalama yıllık yağış 385 mm’dir. Toprak örnekleri farklı arazi kullanımlarının olduğu 3 farklı araziden 0-20 cm ve 20-40 cm derinlikten alt ve üst olmak üzere 18 noktadan alınmıştır. Yamacın uzunluğuna ve eğimine bağlı olarak en yüksek toprak kayıpları tarım, en düşük toprak kayıpları ise orman arazisinde tahmin edilmiştir.

Keywords

Tokat, toprak kayıpları, WEPP Hillslope Model, yüzey akış

References

• Ahmadi, H. (2011). Runoff And Sediment Yield Modeling Using Wepp İn A Semi-Arid Environment ( Case Study : Orazan Watershed ). Desert 16, 16, Pp.5–12.
• Ailincai, C., D. Ailincai, N., Buccur, D. (1997). Research on the evolution of the main soil physical-chemical features as influenced by cropping system and surface erosion. Cercetari Agronomy Moldova 30(1):187-192.
• Arnold, J.G., Allen, P.M., Bernhardt, G. (1993). A comprehensive surface-groundwater flow model. J. Hydrol. 142, 47–69.
• Alkharabsheh, M. M., Alexandridis, T.K., Bilas, G., Misopolinos, N. And Silleos, N. (2013). Impact of land cover change on soil erosion hazard in northern Jordan using remote sensing and GIS. Procedia environmental sciences, 19, Pp.912–921. Available At: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Proenv.2013.06.101.
• Ali, I., Khan, F., Bhatti, A.U. (2006). Some physico-chemical properties of soil as influenced by surface erosion under different cropping systems on upland-sloping soil. Soil & Environ. 25(1): 28-34.
• Ascough II, J.C., Baffaut, C., Nearing, M.A., Flanagan D.C. (1995). Watershed Model Channel Hydrology and Erosion Processes. In: Flanagan, D.C., Nearing, M.A., (Eds.), USDA –Water Erosion Prediction Project Hillslope Profile and Watershed Model Documentation NSERL Report No. 10 July 1995, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, W. Lafayette, IN (Chapter 13).
• Beasley, D.B., Huggins, L.F., Monke, E.J. (1980). ANSWERS: A model for watershed planning. Trans. ASAE 23 (4), 938–944. Chaves, H.M.L., Nearing, M.A., 1991. Uncertainty analysis of the WEPP soil erosion model. Trans. ASAE 34 (6), 2437–2444.
• Black, C.A. (Editör-in-Chief), 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part I. American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy No. 9.
• Bouyocous, G.J., 1951. A Recalibration of the Hydrometer Method for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soil. Argon. Jour, 43:434- CAMPBELL, 1999. Soil Quality: Effect of Tillage and Fallow Frequency. Soil Organic Matter Quality as İnfluenced by Tillage and Fallo 438.
• Croke, J. & Nethery, M. (2006). Modelling Runoff And Soil Erosion İn Logged Forests : Scope and Application of Some Existing Models. Catena 67, 67, Pp.35–49.
• Çilek, A. (2013). Konumsal Bilgi Sistemleri Yardımıyla Türkiye’nin Erozyon Modellemesi.
• Demir, S. (2016). WEPP Hillslope Modeli İle Yüzey Akış Ve Toprak Kayıplarının Belirlenmesi. GOÜ. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
• Elliot, W., Foltz, R. & Miller, S. (1996). Predicting Effects Of Climate , Soil , And Topography On Road Erosion With The Wepp Model 1. Asae International Winter Meeting, P.11
• Erol, A., Babalık, A.A., Sönmez, K ve Serin, N. (2009). Isparta-Darıderesi Havzası Topraklarında Erozyona Duyarlılığın Arazi Kullanım Şekillerine Bağlı Değişimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri: A, Sayı: 2, ISSN: 1302-7085, Sayfa: 21-36.
• Flanagan, D.C., Nearing, M.A. (1995). USDA Water Erosion Prediction Project: Hillslope profile and watershed model documentation. NSERL Report No. 10. USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 47097–1196.
• Flanagan, D.C. & Nearing, M.A. (2000). Sediment Particle Sorting On Hillslope Profiles İn The Wepp Model. Transactions Of The Asae, 43(3), Pp.573–583.
• Grønsten, H.A. & Lundekvam, H. (2006). Prediction Of Surface Runoff And Soil Loss İn Southeastern Norway Using The Wepp Hillslope Model. Soil & Tillage Research 85, 85, Pp.186–199.
• Kemper, W.D.1965. Aggregate Stability. In: Methods of Soil Analysıs, Part I. (Black, C.A. ed). Am. Soc. of Agr. Inc. Madisson, Wisconsin, USA, 511-519
• Laflen, J.M., Lane, J.L., Foster, G.R. (1991). WEPP – A New Generation of Erosion Prediction Technology. J. Soil Water Cons. 46 (1), 34–38.
• Laflen, J.M., Flanagan, D.C., Engel, B.A. (2004). Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Prediction Accuracy Using WEPP. J. Am. W. Res.Asso. 40 (2), 289–297.
• Lal, R. (1988). Soil Erosion Research Methods. Soil & Water Conservation Association, Ankeny, Iowa (244 pp.).
• Mahmoodabadi, M. & Cerdà, A. (2013). Geoderma Wepp Calibration For İmproved Predictions Of İnterrill Erosion İn Semi-Arid To Arid Environments. Geoderma, 204-205, Pp.75–83.
• Available At: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Geoderma.2013.04.013.
• Nearing, M.A. Et Al. (1989). A Process- Based Soil Erosion Model For Usda-Water Erosion Prediction Project Technology. Transactions Of The Asae, 32(5), Pp.1587–1593.
• Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.F., 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Page, A.L., Miller, R.H.Keeney, D.R. (ed) 2nd edition. S.S.S.of America Inc. Publisher, Madison, Wisconsin.
• Ogwo V., Ogbu K. N., Okoye C. J., 1Okechukwu M. E. and 1Mbajiorgu C. C.(2012). Comparison of Soil Erosion Models for Application in the Humid Tropics. Special Publication of the Nigerian Association of Hydrological Sciences.
• Özsoy, G. (2007). Uzaktan Algılama (Ua) Ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (Cbs) Teknikleri Kullanılarak Erozyon Riskinin Belirlenmesi.
• Pandey, A. Et Al. (2008). Runoff And Sediment Yield Modeling From A Small Agricultural Watershed İn India Using The Wepp Model. Journal Of Hydrology, Pp.305–319.
• Risse, L.M., Nearing, M.A., Savabi, M.R. (1994). Determining Green-Ampt effective hydraulic conductivity from rainfall-runoff data for the WEPP Model. Trans. ASAE 37 (2), 411–418.
• Römkens M J M, Helming K, Prasad S N. 2001. Soil erosion under different rainfall intensities, surface roughness, and soil water regimes. Catena, 46(2–3): 103–123.
• Tiscareno-Lopez, M., Lopes, V.L., Stone, J.J., Lane, L.J. (1994). Sensitivity Analysis of the WEPP Watershed Model for Range Land Applications II. Channel Processes. Trans. of ASAE 37 (1), 151–158.
• Young, R.A., Onstad, C.A., Bosch, D.D. and Anderson, V.P. (1989). AGNPS – A Non-Point Source Pollution Model for Evaluating Agricultural Watersheds. J. Soil Water Conserv.: 44 (2): 168 – 173.
• Zhang, X.C., Nearing, M.A., Risse, L.M., McGregor, K.C. (1996). Evaluation of runoff and soil loss predictions using natural runoff plot data. Trans. ASAE 39 (3), 855–863.