Etil Metansülfonat Tarafından İndüklenen Mutant Patatesin Rhizoctonia solani'ye Karşı Dayanıklılığının Belirlenmesi

Year 2021, , 28 - 37, 30.04.2021

Şerife Evrim Arıcı , Aslı Kara

https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag4683

Abstract

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de patates üretimini sınırlayan, verim ve kalite kaybına neden olan birçok hastalık ve zararlı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi de kök boğazı nekrozu ve siyah kabukluluk hastalığı [Rhizoctonia solani (telemorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris)]’dır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Alanso patates çeşidine ait in vitro bitkilere farklı dozlarda (0, 20mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM) ve farklı uygulama zamanlarında (0, 10, 20 dk) kimyasal mutajen etil matansülfonat (EMS) uygulanmıştır. İn vitro koşullarında EMS uygulanmış bitkiler dört kez altkültüre alınmış ve daha sonra bu bitkilere R. solani inokulasyonu yapılmıştır. Uygulamadan 15 gün sonra in-vitro denemelerinde, R. solani inokulasyonu sonrasında bitkilerin canlı kalma oranları belirlenmiş ve canlı kalan bitkilerin yaprak boyları, yeşil yaprak sayısı, bitki boğum sayısı, kök sayısı ve ortalama yaprak boyu belirlenmiş ve negatif kontrol ile karşılaştırılmıştır. En yüksek canlı kalma oranı (%32) 50mM dozunun 10 dk uygulama süresinde, en düşük ise (%10) 75 mM dozunun 20 dk uygulama süresinde belirlenmiştir. Pozitif kontrol bitkilerinde canlı kalma oranı %4 oranında tespit edilmiştir (P≤0.05). En yüksek bitki boyu 50 mM dozunun 20 dakika uygulamasında, en yüksek sayıda bitki kökleri 75 mM dozunun 20 dakika uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. EMS mutajen uygulaması patates bitkilerinde R. solaniye karş ıtoleransı iyileştirmede eykili olmuştur. R. solani'ye karşı bu dirençli mutantlar, daha iyi rekombinantlar üretmek için bir hibridizasyon programında kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Patates, Rhizoctonia solani, EMS, Mutajen, cv. Alanso, In vitro

Determination of the Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced Resistance in Potato to Rhizoctonia solani Şerife Evrim ARICI1* Aslı KARA1

Abstract

There are many pests and diseases that cause yield and quality loss which limits potato production in Turkey and in the world. One of diseases is Rhizoctonia solani (telemorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) which gives rise to black scurf and stem canker of potato. In this experiment, potato cv. Alanso plants were treated with Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at different concentrations (0, 20mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM) and different pre-soaking times (0, 10, 20 min.) under in vitro conditions. EMS treated plants in vitro were inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani after four consecutive subcultures. The survival plant rates were established after 15 days. Some plant parameters (plant nodes number, plant size, leaf number etc.) were recorded and plant parameters were compared with the negative control. The highest survival rate of the plants (32%) was determined in the 50 mM EMS for 10 min. application, while the lowest survival rate of the plants (10%) was determined at 75 mM for 20 min. application of EMS. The survival rate of positive control plants determined as 4% (P≤0.05). The highest plant size was determinated at 50 mM dose for 20 minute, the highest number of plant root was determinatedat 75mM dose for 20 minute. The EMS mutagenic applications in potato plants have been effective in improving the tolerance of plants to R. solani. These resistant mutants against R. solani can be used in a hybridization program to produce better recombinants.

Keywords

Patates, Rhizoctonia solani, EMS, Mutajen, cv. Alanso, In vitro

References

• Acquaah G (2007). Principles of plant genetics and breeding. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 584 p. United Kingdom.
• Arıcı ŞE, Tuncel ZN, Kara A and Çaltılı O (2017). In vitro mutagenesis and selection of potato mutants resistance to fusarium dry root (Fusarium avenaceum). Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 82 (3): 378-385.
• Ahmed MA, Chakraborty N, Tabana Y, Dahham SS, Shazrina Ismail I, Mohamed R, Yunus MA and Sandai D (2017). The effect of physical and chemical mutagen on tomato plant. Advanced Biomedical Research, 11 (2): 64-69.
• Altındal N (2014). Kimyasal mutagen (etil metansülfonat) uygulamasıyla patateste (Solanum tuberosum L.) varyasyonun oluşturulması ve moleküler markırlarla tanımlanması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, 140 s, ISPARTA.
• Anonymous (2016). USDA, http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/ current/Pota/Pota-09-14-2017.pdf
• Anonymous (2017). TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do
• Balali GR., Neate SM, Scott ES, Whisson DL and Wicks TJ (1995). Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from potato crops in South Australia. Plant Pathology, 44: 1050-1057.
• Bhagwat B and Duncan EJ (1998). Mutation breeding of banana cv. Highgate (Musa spp., AAA Group) for tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense using chemical mutagens. Scientia Horticulturae, 73: 11–22.
• Badawi MA, Saha STand Al-Hamada RI (2009). Mutation breeding for early blight resistance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Mansoura University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34 (5): 5699 – 5709.
• Badawi MA, Saha ST, Al-Hamada R and Abdelaziz ME (2015). Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagen on genetic variability, growth characters and yield of potato. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 4 (4): 1076-1087
• Berenschot AS, Zucchi MI, Tulmann-Neto A and Quecini V (2008). Mutagenesis in Petunia x hybrida Vilm and isolation of a novel morphological mutant. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20:95–103.
• Chen YF, Chen W, Huang X, Hu X, Zhao JT, Gong Q, Li XJ and Huang XL (2013). Fusarium wilt-resistant lines of Brazil banana (Musa spp., AAA) obtained by EMS induced mutation in a micro- cross- section cultural system. Plant Pathology, 62: 112-119
• Chahal GS and Gosal SS (2003). Mutation breeding In plant breeding, Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches p: 399-412. Alpha Science International Ltd. /Pangbourne /England.
• Cook RJ, Schillinger WF and Christensen NW (2002). Rhizoctonia root rot and take-all of wheat in diverse direct-seed spring cropping systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 24: 349–358.
• Çalış Ö, Saygı S, Çelik D and Bayan Y (2013). Domates bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığına dayanıklılık ve ters genetik. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1): 5-10.
• Duncan DB, 1957. Multiple range tests for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics, 13: 164-174.
• Ekanayaka E, Weerakoon S, Silva T and Somaratne S (2016). Induction of herbicide resistance via seed-derived rice (Oryza sativa) calli. IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences, 3 (3): 2455-4499.
• Ge HJ, Li Y, Fu HY, Long GY, Li RH and Deng ZN (2015). Production of sweet orange somaclones tolerant to citrus canker disease by in vitro mutagenesis with EMS. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 123: 29-38
• Haque ME and Morshad MN (2014). Somalclonal variations in potato using chemical mutagenesis. The Agriculturists, 12(1): 15-25.
• Hastings PJ, Lupski JR, Rosenberg SM and Ira G (2009). Mechanisms of change in gene copy number. Nature Reviews Genetics, 10: 551–564
• Hofmann NE, Raja R, Nelson RLand Korban SS (2004). Mutagenesis of embryogenic culture of soybean and detecting polymorphism using RAPD markers. Biologia Plantarum, 48(2): 173–177
• Jain SM (2010). Mutagenesis in crop improvement under the climate change. Roman. Biotechnol. Lett., 15: 88-106 Khawale RN, Yerramıllı V and Singh SK (2007). Molecular marker-assisted selection of in vitro chemical mutagen-induced grapevine mutants. Current Science, 92:1056-1060.
• Kodym A and Afza R (2003). Physical and chemical mutagenesis. In: Grotewold E (ed) Plant functional genomics: methods and protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ. 236: 189–203.
• Jabeen N and Mirza B (2002). Ethyl Methanesulfonate Enhances Genetic Variability in Capsicum annuum. Assian Journal of Plant Sciences, 1 (4): 425-428.
• Latado RR, Adames AH, Neto AT (2004). In vitro mutation of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) in immature floral pedicels. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 77: 103 – 106
• Luan YS, Zhang J, Gao XR An LJ (2007). Mutation induced by ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS), in vitro screening for salt tolerance and plant regeneration of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 88 :77–81.
• Lehtonen MJ, Somervuo P and Valkonen JPT (2008). Infection with Rhizoctonia solani induces defense genes and systemic resistance in potato sprouts grown without light. Phytopathology, 11: 1190-1198.
• Mahoney AK, Babiker EM, Paulitz TC, See D and Okubara PA (2016). Characterizing and mapping resistance in synthetic-derived wheat to Rhizoctonia root rot in a green bridge environment. Phytopathology, 106:1170–1176
• Murashige T and Skoog F (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473–497
• Mike A and Donnini B (1993). Induced mutations. In: M.D. Haywards; N.O. Bosemark and I. Romagosa (eds) Plant Breeding: Principles and Prospects. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 550
• Nicoll H, Rajiv R, Randall N and Schuyler K (2003). Response of embryogenic cultures of soybean to chemical mutagenesis. Plant Breeding, 32: 23-27.
• Parmeter JR, Sherwood RT and W. Platt D (1969). Anastomosis grouping among isolates of Thanatephorus cucumeris. Phytopathology, 59: 1270-1278.
• Raina A, and Danish M (2018). Mutagenesis in plant breeding for disease and pathogen resistance. Agricultural Research and Technology Open Access Journal, 13(1):12-13 ARTOAJ. MS.ID.555869
• Sagel Z, Tutluer MH, Peskircioglu H, Kantoglu Y and Kunter B (2017). Determination of effect of chemical mutagen EMS on TAEK A-3 and TAEK C-10 mutant soybean varieties in M1 generation. Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 3(1):19-24.
• Shah TM, Atta BM, Mirza JI and Haq MA (2009). Screening of chickpea (Cicera arietinum) induced mutants against fusarium. Wilt. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(4):1945-1955.
• Shah SNM, Gong ZH, Arisha MH, Khan A and Tian SL (2015). Effect of ethyl methyl sulfonate concentration and different treatment conditions on germination and seedling growth of the cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930). Genetics and Molecular Researc, 14 (1): 2440-2449.
• Somalraju A, Ghose K, Main D, Bizimungu B and Fofana B (2018). Development of pre-breeding diploid potato germplasm displaying wide phenotypic variations as induced by ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 99 (2): 138-151
• Taheri P and Pourmahdi A (2013). Molecular identification of a destructive phytopathogenic fungus in tomato fields of Iran. 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, AIIC 2013, 24-26 April, Azores, Portugal.
• Talebi AB, Talebi AB and Shahrokhifar B (2012). Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) induced mutagenesis in Malaysian rice (cv. MR219) for Lethal dose determination. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 1661-1665.
• Thompson AL, Mahoney AK, Smiley RW, Paulitz TC, Hulbert S and Garland-Campbell K (2017). Resistance to multiple soil-borne pathogens of the Pacific Northwest, USA is collocated in a wheat recombinant inbred line population. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, 7 (4):1109-1116
• Tsror L, 2010. Biology, epidemiology and management of Rhizoctonia solani on potato. Journal of Phytopathology, 158: 649-658.
• Van Harten AM (1998). Mutation breeding theory and practical applications. Cambridge University (Press Cambridge United Kingdom): 127-140.
• Yadav P, Meena HS, Meena PD, Kumar A, Gupta R, Jambhulkar S, Rani R and Singh D (2016). Determination of LD50 of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for induction of mutations in rapeseed-mustard. Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 7 (1):77-82.
• Zia MAB, Bakhsh A and Çalıskan ME (2018). Mutation breeding in potato; endeavors and challenges. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 28(1):1018-7081.