Effect of Foliar Application of Boron on Yield and Yield Components of Linseed Cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Year 2024, , 193 - 200, 31.12.2024

Emrullah Culpan , Burhan Arslan

https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1559056

Abstract

Boron is a crucial micronutrient for the growth and development of plants. Foliar application of boron positively impacts the growth, yield, and yield components of oilseed crops. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of boron (B) on some yield and quality traits of linseed cultivars. The field experiments of this study were carried out in spring season of 2022 and 2023 under ecological conditions of Tekirdag. The experiment was carried out as a split plot design based on RCBD with three replications, in which cultivars constituted the main plot with three varieties (Karakız, Sarı Dane and Beyaz Gelin), and boron constituted the sub-plot with four doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) in both years. Boron doses were applied by foliar spraying at 45 DAS. In the study plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plants, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil yield were investigated. Analysis of variance showed that boron application significantly affected all the examined traits except for 1000 seed weight and oil content. The results showed that the highest seed yield was obtained from 200 and 300 mg L-1 boron application (91.45 and 93.85 kg da-1, respectively). However, the differences in oil content were not statistically significant in terms of cultivar and boron application. In conclusion, foliar application of appropriate doses of boron contributes to increase the yield of linseed, especially in medium and low input farming systems.

Keywords

Boron, Linseed, Micronutrients, Quality, Yield

Yapraktan Bor Uygulamasının Keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Verim Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bor, bitki büyümesi ve gelişimi için önemli mikro besin elementlerinden birisidir. Borun yapraktan uygulanması yağlı tohumlarda tohum verimini ve verim unsurlarını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı dozlarda bor uygulamasının keten çeşitlerinin verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Tekirdağ ekolojik koşullarında 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında yazlık olarak iki yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Deneme Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre çeşitler ana parselde (Karakız, Sarı Dane ve Beyaz Gelin), bor dozları ise alt parselde (0, 100, 200 ve 300 mg L-1) olacak şekilde 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Bor dozları bitkilere ekimden 45 gün sonra yapraktan püskürtme yoluyla uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, dal sayısı, bitki başına kapsül sayısı, kapsüldeki tohum sayısı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, tohum verimi, yağ oranı ve yağ verimi gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Varyans analizi sonucuna göre bor uygulaması 1000 tane ağırlığı ve yağ oranı hariç incelenen tüm özellikleri önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre en yüksek tohum verimi 200 ve 300 mg L-1 bor uygulamasından elde edilmiştir (sırasıyla 91,45 ve 93,85 kg da-1). Ancak yağ oranı arasındaki farklılıklar çeşit ve bor uygulaması bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak uygun dozlarda borun yapraktan uygulanması, özellikle orta ve düşük girdili tarım sistemlerinde ketenin tohum veriminin artmasına katkıda bulunabilir.

Keywords

Bor, Kalite, Keten, Mikro Besin, Verim

References

• Abou Chehade, L., Angelini, L.G., & Tavarini, S. (2022) Genotype and seasonal variation affect yield and oil quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Mediterranean conditions. Agronomy, 12(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010122
• Akçalıcan, R.R., Yüce, S., Aykut, F., & Furan, M.A. (2003). Ketende bazı agronomik özelikler arası ilişkiler. Türkiye 5. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Bildirileri, 13-17 Ekim 2003, Diyarbakır.
• Alam, P., Menka, K., Sulochna, M., Ali, N., & Lakra, R.K. (2020). Effect of zinc and boron on uptake, yield and quality of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(12), 3512-3519. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.417
• Al-Doori, S. (2021). Response of three flax genotypes (Linum usitatissimum L.) to foliar spraying with different concentration of zinc and boron under the dryland conditions of Nineveh Governorate. College of Basic Education Researchers Journal, 17(3), 1680-1700. https://doi.org/10.33899/berj.2021.169692
• Al-Juheishy, W. (2020). Effect of boron on some industrial crops: a review. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 48(4), 134-145.
• Anonymous (2020). Linseed registration report (Keten tescil raporu Karakız-Beyaz Gelin), 23.10.2024, https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BUGEM/TTSM/Belgeler
• Arslan, B., & Culpan, E. (2021). Determination of oil content, seed yield and some yield traits of different linseed genotypes grown under Tekirdağ conditions. Proceedings of 3rd International Cukurova Agriculture and Veterinary Congress, October 9-10, Adana, Turkey.
• Bayrak, A., Kiralan, M., Ipek, A., Arslan, N., Cosge, B., & Khawar, K.M. (2010). Fatty acid compositions of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes of different origin cultivated in Turkey. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24(2), 1836-1842.
• Beyzi, E., Güneş, A., Arslan, M., & Şatana, A. (2019) Effects of foliar boron treatments on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.): Detection by PCA analysis. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 50(16), 2023-2032. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1648661
• Bloedon, L.T., & Szapary, P.O. (2004). Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk. Nutrition Reviews, 62, 18-27.
• Bolanos, L., Brewin, N.J., & Bonilla. I. (1996). Effects of boron on rhizobium-legume cell-surface interactions and nodule development. Plant Physiology, 110, 1249-1256. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.4.1249
• Bungla, P., Pachauri, S.P., Srivastava, P.C., Pathak, A., & Shukla, A.K. (2021). Effect of varying levels of boron and sulphur on yields and nutrient uptake of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) grown in a mollisol. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 33(20), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2030644
• Ceyhan, E., Önder, M. Harmankaya, M. Hamurcu, M., & Gezgin, S. (2007). Response of chickpea cultivars to application of boron in boron deficient calcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38(17), 2381-2399. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620701588734
• Chand, N., & Fahim, M. (2008). Natural fibers and their composites. In Tribology of Natural Fiber Polymer Composites. 205 pages. CRC Press: New York.
• Culbertson, J.O. (1954). Seed-flax improvement. Advances in Agronomy, 6, 143-182.
• Culpan, E., & Gürsoy, M. (2023). Effects of different boron doses on germination, seedling growth and relative water content of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 37(2), 389-397.
• Cvejić, S., Hrnjaković, O., Jocković, M. et al. (2023). Oil yield prediction for sunflower hybrid selection using different machine learning algorithms. Scientific Reports, 13, 17611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44999-3
• Çopur, O., Gür, M.A., Karakuş, M., & Demirel, U. (2006). Determination of correlation and path analysis among yield components and seed yield in oil flax varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(4), 738-743.
• Çöl Keskin, N., Öztürk, Ö., Endes Eğribaş, Z., & Yılmaz, E. (2020). Determination of the effects of different row spacings on yield and yield components of some linseed varieties. ISUBU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, Special Issue, 109-120.
• El-Kader, A., & Mona, G. (2013). Effect of sulfur application and foliar spraying with zinc and boron on yield, yield components, and seed quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 9(4), 127-135.
• Endes, Z. (2010). Effects of different sowing dates on the yield and quality of some linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties and populations (Publication No. 275152) [Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Hall, L.M., Booker, H., Siloto, R.M.P., Jhala, A.J., & Weselake, R.J. (2016). Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). In Industrial Oil Crops, AOCS Press: USA.
• Harmankaya, M., Önder, M., Hamurcu, M. Ceyhan, E., & Gezgin. S. (2008). Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars to foliar and soil applied boron in boron deficient calcareous soils. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(18), 3275-3282.
• Gill, K.S. (1987). Linseed. Publications and Information Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research: New Delhi.
• Gunnes, A., Alpaslan, M., Inal, A., Adak, M.S., Eraslan, F., & Cicek, N. (2003). Effects of boron fertilization on the yield and some yield components of bread and durum wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(6), 329-335.
• Güneş, A., Gezgin, S., Kalınbacak, K., Özcan, H., & Çakmak., İ. (2017). The importance of boron for plants. Journal of Boron, 2(3), 168-174.
• Gür, M.A. (1998). Harran ovası susuz koşullarında farklı yağlık keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) çeşitlerinde verim ve verim unsurlarının tespiti. Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 87-94.
• Ibrar, D., Ahmad, R., Mirza, Y., Mahmood, T., Ahmad, M.K., & Shahid, M.I. (2016). Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Agricultural Research, 54(2), 153-159.
• Karaaslan, D. & Tonçer, Ö. (2001). Diyarbakır koşullarında bazı keten çeşitlerinin adaptasyonu üzerine bir araştırma. Türkiye 4. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Bildirileri, 17-21 Eylül 2001, Tekirdağ.
• Katar, D., Arslan, Y., Kodaş, R., Subaşı, İ., & Mutlu, H. (2014). Determination of effect of different doses of boron on the yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 11(2), 71-79.
• Katar, N., Yaşar, M., Köse, A., & Katar, D. (2023). Determination of yield and quality properties of different flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes in Eskisehir ecological conditions. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 955-964.
• Khan, H., Hassan, Z.U., & Maitlo, A.A. (2006). Yield and micronutrients content of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under a multi-nutrient fertilizer Hal-Tonic. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8, 366-370.
• Khuong, N., Thuc, L., Tran, N., Huu, T. & Sakagami, J. (2022). Foliar application of boron positively affects the growth, yield, and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Open Agriculture, 7(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0067
• Koçak, N., & Bayraktar, N. (2011). Türkiye’de keten tarımı. Ziraat Mühendisliği, 357, 13-17.
• Kurşun, İ., Gürbüz, M.A., Günay, E., Kaya, Y., Evci, G., Süzer, S., & Pekcan V. (2016). Effect of boron fertilizing on sunflower yield in Thrace region. Journal of Boron, 1(2), 74-85.
• Kurt, O., Uysal, H., Demir, A. & Göre, M. (2015). Determination of agricultural characters some improved linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) lines under Samsun ecological conditions. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(2), 136-140.
• Lemessa, G.B., & Zerihun, J. (2022). Yield and oil response of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) to nitrogen application. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 18(4), 1651-1670.
• Maurya, A.C., Raghuveer, M., Goswami, G., & Kumar, S. (2017). Influences of date of sowing on yield attributes and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties under dryland condition in eastern Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(7), 481-487.
• Megha, A., Mishra, S., Pachauri, S.P., & Guru, S.K. (2023). Effects of foliar application of boron on yield and yield associated traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pharma Innovation, 12(2), 2072-2075.
• Mekki, B. (2015). Effect of boron foliar application on yield and quality of some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B, 5, 309-316.
• MSTAT. (1989). Mstat-C, A microcomputer program for the design, management and analysis of agronomic research experiments. Michigan State University: ABD.
• Nasef, M.A., Badran, M., & El-Hamide, A.F. (2006). Response of peanut to foliar spray with boron and/or rhizobium inoculation. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(12), 1330-1337.
• Onat, B., Arıoğlu, H., Güllüoğlu, L., Kurt, C., & Bakal H., (2017). Oil seeds and crude oil production in the World and in Turkey. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 20, 149-153. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.349197
• Rawashdeh, H.M., & Sala, F. (2014). Foliar application of boron on some yield components and grain yield of wheat. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 2(7), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.14662/ARJASR2014.033
• Rokade, B.S., Madane, K.T., Jadhav, J.D., & Kamble, P.S. (2015). Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) sowing dates, genotypes influence on growth, yield attributes and yield. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(2), 248-256.
• Saeed, U., Sher, A., Hussain, S., Khan, A., Ameen, A., Jincai, L., & Shakoor, A. (2015). Impact of foliar application of boron on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under different irrigation conditions. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(9), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.15413/ajar.2015.0129
• Saeidi, G. (2002). Effect of seeding date on seed yield and yield components in edible-oil genotypes of flax in Isfahan. Journal of Science and Technology of Agricultural and Natural Resources, 6(3), 175-187.
• Sahin, S. (2014). Effect of boron fertilizer applications on the growth and b, n uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) under the different soils. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 12(2), 1323-1327.
• Singh, A., Singh, D., Verma, V.K., Pyare, R., & Hussain, M.F. (2020). Studies on the effect of zinc and boron on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under limited irrigation. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(5), 1964-1966. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i5aa.10589
• Steel, R.G.D., & Torrie, J.H. (1980). Principles and procedures of statistics. McGaw-Hill Book Company: New York.
• Uzun, Z. (1992). Ketende ekim zamanı ve ekim sıklığının verim ve verim öğelerine etkisi [Master dissertation, Atatürk University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Tanman, D. (2009). Research on the effect of winter sowing dates on yield and yield characteristics of some linseed (Linum ussitatissimum L.) cultivars (Publication No. 258704) [Master dissertation, Namik Kemal University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Tunçtürk, M. (2007). Determination of yield and some yield components of some Linens (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars in Van ecological conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(4), 365-371.
• Tunçtürk, R., & Tunçtürk, M. (2021). The effects of different sowing dates and phosphorus doses on yield and quality characteristics of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 35(1), 163-180.
• Vollmann, J., & Rajcan, I. (2010). Oil crops. Handbook of Plant Breeding, Springer: New York.
• Warington, K. (1923). The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. Annals of Botany, 37(4), 629-672.
• Yıldırım, M., & Arslan., N. (2013). Comparing the various characters of the selected flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) lines. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 22(2), 59-68.
• Zahoor, R.S.M., Basra, A., Munir, H., Ndeem, M.A., & Yousaf, S. (2011). Role of boron in improving assimilates portioning and yield in sunflower. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 7, 49-55.