Silo Flow Profiles for Grainy Agricultural Products and Encountering Problems in Silos

Abstract

In this study, the flow profiles of silo that is more important for designing of silos of grain crop (cereals) used in various areas because of nutrient features was taken up. In the study scope, flow profiles for silos were introduced and some flow problems as factors influencing on the flowability of grainy products arching, ratholes (also called pipes) and segregation was explained in detail.

Keywords

• Silo, cereals, flow profiles

Taneli Tarımsal Ürünler İçin Akış Profilleri ve Silolamada Karşılaşılan Sorunlar

Öz

Bu çalışmada zengin besin maddeleri nedeniyle çok değerli ve kullanım çeşitliliği olan taneli tarımsal ürünlerin (tahıllar) depolandığı silolarlarda tasarım parametresi olarak özel önem arz eden akış profilleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında silo içerisinde oluşan akış profilleri tanıtılarak; taneli ürünlerin akışkanlığı üzerinde etkili olan; kemerlenme, kanallanma ve ayrışma gibi bazı silo akış problemleri detaylı olarak açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Silo, tahıl, akış profilleri

References

1. Anonymous, 2006. Silo design. Bulk solids engineering. http://www.bulksolids.nl/uk/7silodesi.html.
2. Ayuga, F., Aguado, P., Gallego, P.E., and Ramirez, A., 2005. New steps towards the knowledge of silos behavior. International Agrophysics 19, 7-17.
3. Chase, G.G., 2006. Solids notes. The University of Akron.
4. Çağlı, S., 2005. Katı yığınların akış özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve silo tasarımı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmamış), İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 204s.
5. Craik D.J., and Miller, B.F., 1958. The flow properties of powders under humis conditions. Journal of Pharmacology, 10, 136-144.
6. Farnish, R., 2002. Perfecting powder storage&discharge. http://www.chemicalprocessing.com/articles/2002/2 14.html.
7. Fitzpatrick, J.J., Iqbal, T., Delaney, C., Twomey, T., and Keogh, M.K., 2004. Effect of powder properties and storage conditions on the flowability of milk powders with different fat contents. Journal of Food Engineering, 64, 435-444.
8. Ganesan, V., Rosentrater, K.A., and Muthukumarappan, K., 2008. Flowability and handling characteristics of bulk solids and powders – a review with implications for DDGS. Biosystems Engineering, 425-435.

9. Hao, B., 1998. The effects of inserts on flow behavior of cohesive bulk solids in a model bin. Msc. Thesis. University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Department of Bioystems Engineering, Manitoba, 125p.
10. Jacob, K., 2000. Bin and hopper design. The Dow Chemical http://chemical.uakron.edu/fclty/chase/Solids/Bin%2 0and%20Hopper%20Design%20Lecture.ppt.
11. Jenike, A.W., 1964. Storage and flow of solids. University of Utah Engineering, Experiment Station, Bulletin 123.
12. Johanson J.R., 1978. Know your material-how to predict and use the properties of bulk solids. Chemical Engineering, 9-17.
13. Kobielak, S., and Shalouf, F.F., 1999. Application of discharge tubes in the grain silos. International Agrophysics 13, 401-403.
14. Marinelli, J., and Carson, J.W, 1992. Solve solids flow problems in bins, hoppers and feeders. Chemical Engineering Progress, 85, 22-28.
15. Marinelli, J., 2001. Mass flow design considerations? (Arching-Part 1). http://www.solidshandlingtech. com /ask_joe_articles/arching_part_one.html.
16. Molenda, M., and Horabik, J. 2005. Mechanical properties of granuler agro-materials. Agrophysics Centre of Excellence for Applied Physics in Sustainable Agriculture. Institute of Agrophysics PAS, Lublin.
17. Moreyra, R, and Peleg, M., 1981. Effect of equilibrium water activity on the bulk properties of selected food powders. Journal of Food Science, 46, 1918-1922.
18. Özel, K., 2007. Çelik hububat silolarının tasarım esasları. Yüksek Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya, 184 s. Selçuk
19. Prescott, J.K., and Barnum, R.A., 2000. On powder flowability. Pharmaceutical Technology, 60-84.
20. Roberts, A.W., 1992. Basic principles of bulk solids storage, flow and handling, The Institute for Bulk Materials Handling Research, Callaghan, Australia.
21. Schulze, D., 1998. Storage of powders and bulk solids in silos; http://www.dietmar-schulze.de/storage.html.
22. Takahashi, H., and Yanai, H., 1973. Flow profile and void fraction of granular solids in a moving bed. Powder Technology, 7, 205-214.
23. Waters, A.J., and Drescher, A., 2000. Modeling plug flow in bins/hoppers. Powder Technology, 113, 168-175.
24. Watson, G.R., and Rotter, J.M., 1996. A finite element kinematic analysis of planar granular solids flow. Chemical Engineering Science, 51, 3967-3978.
25. Woodcock, P.C., and Mason, J.S., 1987. Bulk solids handling, Chapman&Hall, London.