Effects of reduced tillage and residue management on soil physical properties, organic carbon and wheat yield components in Middle Anatolia

Year 2016, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 219 - 232, 26.09.2016

Tamer Marakoğlu Kazım Çarman

https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag1072

Abstract

The sustainability of crop production systems depends on the preservation of soil physical quality over time. This study aimed to determine the effects of conventional tillage and alternative reduced tillage on soil properties and yield components of wheat in Middle Anatolia, the importance management practices in the preservation or improvement of soil structure quality under no-tillage system. The five tillage systems investigated were: conventional tillage (CT); reduced tillage with a vertical shaft rotary tiller (RT1); reduced tillage with a horizontal shaft rotary tiller (RT2); reduced tillage with a winged chisel (RT3); and direct seeding (DS). Depending on the applications, the change in the amount of stubble on the surface was within the range 99.33–224 g m-2, and the ratio of burying changed between 11.22% and 60.70% after tillage. After tillage, the minimum stubble amount remaining on the field and the maximum burying ratio (60.70%) were determined in CT. The stability index of the soil at a depth of 0–10 cm varied from 3.25 to 3.82 after the tillage and from 3.5 to 4.83 after the harvest. The highest soil stability index was obtained in the treatment of direct seeding. In direct seeding, it was established that approximately four days after tillage, soil moisture content preservation was 17.47% higher than those of the other alternative practices due to the elevated surface covering ratio of stubble. The mean content of soil organic carbon between tillage and harvesting period varied from 7.92 to 9.33 g kg-1 as a depending on different applications. The least mean content value of soil organic carbon was found in CT.

Keywords

crop residue (stubble), reduced tillage, soil organic carbon, stability index.

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