Research Article
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Effects of reduced tillage and residue management on soil physical properties, organic carbon and wheat yield components in Middle Anatolia

Year 2016, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 219 - 232, 26.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag1072

Abstract

The sustainability of crop production systems depends on the preservation of soil physical quality over time. This study aimed to determine the effects of conventional tillage and alternative reduced tillage on soil properties and yield components of wheat in Middle Anatolia, the importance management practices in the preservation or improvement of soil structure quality under no-tillage system. The five tillage systems investigated were: conventional tillage (CT); reduced tillage with a vertical shaft rotary tiller (RT1); reduced tillage with a horizontal shaft rotary tiller (RT2); reduced tillage with a winged chisel (RT3); and direct seeding (DS). Depending on the applications, the change in the amount of stubble on the surface was within the range 99.33–224 g m-2, and the ratio of burying changed between 11.22% and 60.70% after tillage. After tillage, the minimum stubble amount remaining on the field and the maximum burying ratio (60.70%) were determined in CT. The stability index of the soil at a depth of 0–10 cm varied from 3.25 to 3.82 after the tillage and from 3.5 to 4.83 after the harvest. The highest soil stability index was obtained in the treatment of direct seeding. In direct seeding, it was established that approximately four days after tillage, soil moisture content preservation was 17.47% higher than those of the other alternative practices due to the elevated surface covering ratio of stubble. The mean content of soil organic carbon between tillage and harvesting period varied from 7.92 to 9.33 g kg-1 as a depending on different applications. The least mean content value of soil organic carbon was found in CT.

References

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  • Abdipur M, Heidarpur NA, Vaezi B, Bavei V, Ghanbari AH and Talaee S (2012). The effect of different tillage methods on yield and yield components of bread wheat under rainfed conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12 (9): 1205-1208.
  • Aikins SHM and Afuakwa JJ (2012). Effect of four different tillage practices on soil physical properties under cowpea. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 3: 17–24.
  • Badalíkova B (2010). Influence of soil tillage on soil compaction. In: Dedousis, A.P., Bartzanas T. (Eds.), Soil Engineering, Soil Biology 20. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 19–30.
  • Bahrani M J, Raufat MH and Ghadiri H (2007). Influence of wheat residue management on irrigated corn grain production in a reduced tillage system. Soil &Tillage Research, 94 (1): 305–309.
  • Czyż EA and Dexter AR (2008). Soil physical properties under winter wheat grown with different tillage systems at selected locations. International Agrophysics, 22: 191–200.
  • Carman K (1997). Effect of different tillage systems on soil properties and wheat yield in Middle Anatolia. Soil & Tillage Research, 40(3): 201–207.
  • Demiryürek M, Okur M and Taysun A (2007). The yearly distribution of sediment amount that moves with wind in Karapınar wind erosion field and height and the effect of seasons on the relationship between soil characteristics and dry aggregates. The Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, General Directorship of Agricultural Research, Project No: TAGEM-BB-TOPRAKSU, 2007/30, Konya, Turkey.
  • Drury CF, Reynolds WD, Tan CS, Welacky TW, Calder W and McLaughlin NB (2006). Emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide: influence of tillage type and nitrogen placement depth. Soil Science Society American Journal, 70: 570–581.
  • Ekinci S, Carman K and Kahramanlı H (2015). Investigation and modelling of the tractive performance of radial tiresvusing off-road vehicles. Energy, 93: 1953–1963.
  • Ernst G and Emmerling C (2009). Impact of five different tillage systems on soil organic carbon content and the density, biomass, and community composition of earthworms after a ten year period. European Journal of Soil Biology, 45: 247-251.
  • Fernandez R, Quiroga A, Zorati C and Noellemayer E (2010). Carbon contents and respiration rates of aggregate size fractions under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Soil & Tillage Research, 109: 103–109.
  • Fernández UO, Virto I, Bescansa P, Imaz MJ, Enrique A and Karlen DL (2009). No tillage improvement of soil physical quality in calcareous, degradation-prone, semiarid soils. Soil & Tillage Research, 106, 29–35.
  • Guzman J, Godsey CB, Pierzynski GM, Whitney DA and Lamond RE (2006). Effects of tillage and nitrogen management on soil chemical and physical properties after 23 years of continuous sorghum. Soil & Tillage Research, 91: 199–206.
  • Hutchinson JJ, Campbell CA and Desjardins RL (2007). Some perspectives on carbon sequestration in agriculture. Agricultural Meteorology, 142: 288–302.
  • Karadaş K, Olgun M, Turgut B, Kücüközdemir Ü and Gülseven D (2011). Cultivation of wheat and vetch in Erzurum region in organic agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, 123–128, Ankara, Turkey. (In Turkish).
  • Karlen DL and Gooden DT (1987). Tillage system for wheat production in southeastern Costal Plains. Agronomy Journal, 79: 582-587.
  • Korucu T and Yurdagül FC (2013). Using the image processing method to obtain the residue cover on the soil surface after different tillage practices. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 16(2): 6–17 (In Turkish).
  • Küstermann B, Munch JC and Hülsbergen KJ (2013). Effects of soil tillage and fertilization on resource efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in a long-term field experiment in Southern Germany. European Journal of Agronomy, 49: 61-73.
  • La Scala Jr, Lopes A, Spokas K, Bolonhezi D, Archer DW and Reicosky DC (2008). Short-term temporal changes of soil carbon losses after tillage described by a first-order decay model. Soil & Tillage Research, 99: 108–118.
  • La Scala N, Bolonhezi D and Pereira GT (2006). Short-term soil CO2 emission after conventional and reduced tillage of a no-till sugar cane area in southern Brazil. Soil & Tillage Research, 91: 244–248.
  • Lyon JD, Stroup WW and Brown RE (1998). Crop production and soil water storage in long-term winter wheat-fallow tillage experiments. Soil & Tillage Research, 49:19–27.
  • LECO Corporation (2006). Truspec carbon/nitrogen determinator, Leco Corporation 3000, Lakeview Avenue, St Jeseph, M1 49085-2396, USA.
  • Marakoglu T and Carman K (2015). Long – term effect of reduced tillage on CO2 emission. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(10): 3220–3228.
  • Martinez E, Fuentes JP, Silva P, Valle S and Acevedo E (2008). Soil physical properties and wheat root growth under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in a Mediterranean environment of Chile. Soil & Tillage Research, 99: 232–244.
  • Moreno F, Pelegrin F, Fernandez JE and Murillo JM (1997). Soil physical properties, water depletion and crop development under traditional and conservation tillage in southern Spain. Soil & Tillage Research, 41(1):5–42.
  • Morris NL, Miller PCH, Orson JH and Froud-Williams RJ (2010). The adoption of non-inversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil, crops and environment – a review. Soil & Tillage Research, 108: 1–15.
  • Romaneckas K, Šarauskis E, Masilionytė L and Sakalauskas A (2013). Impact of different tillage methods on silty loam Luvisol water content in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crop. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4: 219–225.
  • Russ WG, Reicosky DC, Gilbert RA and Morris DR (2007). Influence of tillage and plant residue management on respiration of a Florida Everglades Histosol. Soil & Tillage Research, 92: 156–166. Sarauskis E, Masilionyte L, Kriauciuniene Z, Romaneckas K and Buragiene S (2013). Evaluation of energy and environmental aspects of reduced tillage systems applied in maize cultivation. International Journal of Agricultural, Biosystems Science and Engineering, 7 (10): 641–643.
  • Scott BJ, Eberbach PL, Evans J, and Wade LJ (2010). EH Graham Centre Monograph No 1: Stubble retention in cropping systems in Southern Australia: Benefits and challenges: www.grahamcentre.net.
  • Tabatabaeefar A, Emamzadeh H, Varnamkhasti MG, Rahimizadeh R and Karimi M (2009). Comparison of energy of tillage systems in wheat production. Energy, 34: 41–45. TUIK (2015). Statistical database. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul.
  • Ulrich S, Tischer S, Hofmann B and Christen O (2010). Biological soil properties in a long-term tillage trial in Germany. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 173: 483-489.
  • Uzun B, Yol E, Furat Ş, Topakçı M, Çanakçı M and Karayel D (2012). The effects of different tillage methods on the post-wheat second crop sesame: seed yield, energy budget, and economic return. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 36: 399–407.
  • Verch G, Kachele H, Holtl K, Richter C and Fuchs C (2009). Comparing the profitability of tillage methods in Northeast Germany-a field trial from 2002 to 2005. Soil & Tillage Research, 104: 16–21.
  • Wilson HM and Al-Kaisi MM (2008). Crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization effect on soil CO2 emissions in central lowa, Applied Soil Ecology, 39: 264–270.
  • Yang X, Drury CF and Wander MM (2013). A wide view of no-tillage practices and soil organic carbon sequestration. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil and Plant Science, 63: 523–530.
Year 2016, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 219 - 232, 26.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag1072

Abstract

References

  • Abdalla M, Osborne B, Laningan G, Forristal D, Williams M, Smith P and Jones M (2013). Conservation tillage systems: a review of its consequences for greenhouse gas emissions. Soil Use Management, 29: 199–209.
  • Abdipur M, Heidarpur NA, Vaezi B, Bavei V, Ghanbari AH and Talaee S (2012). The effect of different tillage methods on yield and yield components of bread wheat under rainfed conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12 (9): 1205-1208.
  • Aikins SHM and Afuakwa JJ (2012). Effect of four different tillage practices on soil physical properties under cowpea. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 3: 17–24.
  • Badalíkova B (2010). Influence of soil tillage on soil compaction. In: Dedousis, A.P., Bartzanas T. (Eds.), Soil Engineering, Soil Biology 20. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 19–30.
  • Bahrani M J, Raufat MH and Ghadiri H (2007). Influence of wheat residue management on irrigated corn grain production in a reduced tillage system. Soil &Tillage Research, 94 (1): 305–309.
  • Czyż EA and Dexter AR (2008). Soil physical properties under winter wheat grown with different tillage systems at selected locations. International Agrophysics, 22: 191–200.
  • Carman K (1997). Effect of different tillage systems on soil properties and wheat yield in Middle Anatolia. Soil & Tillage Research, 40(3): 201–207.
  • Demiryürek M, Okur M and Taysun A (2007). The yearly distribution of sediment amount that moves with wind in Karapınar wind erosion field and height and the effect of seasons on the relationship between soil characteristics and dry aggregates. The Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, General Directorship of Agricultural Research, Project No: TAGEM-BB-TOPRAKSU, 2007/30, Konya, Turkey.
  • Drury CF, Reynolds WD, Tan CS, Welacky TW, Calder W and McLaughlin NB (2006). Emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide: influence of tillage type and nitrogen placement depth. Soil Science Society American Journal, 70: 570–581.
  • Ekinci S, Carman K and Kahramanlı H (2015). Investigation and modelling of the tractive performance of radial tiresvusing off-road vehicles. Energy, 93: 1953–1963.
  • Ernst G and Emmerling C (2009). Impact of five different tillage systems on soil organic carbon content and the density, biomass, and community composition of earthworms after a ten year period. European Journal of Soil Biology, 45: 247-251.
  • Fernandez R, Quiroga A, Zorati C and Noellemayer E (2010). Carbon contents and respiration rates of aggregate size fractions under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Soil & Tillage Research, 109: 103–109.
  • Fernández UO, Virto I, Bescansa P, Imaz MJ, Enrique A and Karlen DL (2009). No tillage improvement of soil physical quality in calcareous, degradation-prone, semiarid soils. Soil & Tillage Research, 106, 29–35.
  • Guzman J, Godsey CB, Pierzynski GM, Whitney DA and Lamond RE (2006). Effects of tillage and nitrogen management on soil chemical and physical properties after 23 years of continuous sorghum. Soil & Tillage Research, 91: 199–206.
  • Hutchinson JJ, Campbell CA and Desjardins RL (2007). Some perspectives on carbon sequestration in agriculture. Agricultural Meteorology, 142: 288–302.
  • Karadaş K, Olgun M, Turgut B, Kücüközdemir Ü and Gülseven D (2011). Cultivation of wheat and vetch in Erzurum region in organic agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, 123–128, Ankara, Turkey. (In Turkish).
  • Karlen DL and Gooden DT (1987). Tillage system for wheat production in southeastern Costal Plains. Agronomy Journal, 79: 582-587.
  • Korucu T and Yurdagül FC (2013). Using the image processing method to obtain the residue cover on the soil surface after different tillage practices. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 16(2): 6–17 (In Turkish).
  • Küstermann B, Munch JC and Hülsbergen KJ (2013). Effects of soil tillage and fertilization on resource efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in a long-term field experiment in Southern Germany. European Journal of Agronomy, 49: 61-73.
  • La Scala Jr, Lopes A, Spokas K, Bolonhezi D, Archer DW and Reicosky DC (2008). Short-term temporal changes of soil carbon losses after tillage described by a first-order decay model. Soil & Tillage Research, 99: 108–118.
  • La Scala N, Bolonhezi D and Pereira GT (2006). Short-term soil CO2 emission after conventional and reduced tillage of a no-till sugar cane area in southern Brazil. Soil & Tillage Research, 91: 244–248.
  • Lyon JD, Stroup WW and Brown RE (1998). Crop production and soil water storage in long-term winter wheat-fallow tillage experiments. Soil & Tillage Research, 49:19–27.
  • LECO Corporation (2006). Truspec carbon/nitrogen determinator, Leco Corporation 3000, Lakeview Avenue, St Jeseph, M1 49085-2396, USA.
  • Marakoglu T and Carman K (2015). Long – term effect of reduced tillage on CO2 emission. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(10): 3220–3228.
  • Martinez E, Fuentes JP, Silva P, Valle S and Acevedo E (2008). Soil physical properties and wheat root growth under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in a Mediterranean environment of Chile. Soil & Tillage Research, 99: 232–244.
  • Moreno F, Pelegrin F, Fernandez JE and Murillo JM (1997). Soil physical properties, water depletion and crop development under traditional and conservation tillage in southern Spain. Soil & Tillage Research, 41(1):5–42.
  • Morris NL, Miller PCH, Orson JH and Froud-Williams RJ (2010). The adoption of non-inversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil, crops and environment – a review. Soil & Tillage Research, 108: 1–15.
  • Romaneckas K, Šarauskis E, Masilionytė L and Sakalauskas A (2013). Impact of different tillage methods on silty loam Luvisol water content in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crop. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4: 219–225.
  • Russ WG, Reicosky DC, Gilbert RA and Morris DR (2007). Influence of tillage and plant residue management on respiration of a Florida Everglades Histosol. Soil & Tillage Research, 92: 156–166. Sarauskis E, Masilionyte L, Kriauciuniene Z, Romaneckas K and Buragiene S (2013). Evaluation of energy and environmental aspects of reduced tillage systems applied in maize cultivation. International Journal of Agricultural, Biosystems Science and Engineering, 7 (10): 641–643.
  • Scott BJ, Eberbach PL, Evans J, and Wade LJ (2010). EH Graham Centre Monograph No 1: Stubble retention in cropping systems in Southern Australia: Benefits and challenges: www.grahamcentre.net.
  • Tabatabaeefar A, Emamzadeh H, Varnamkhasti MG, Rahimizadeh R and Karimi M (2009). Comparison of energy of tillage systems in wheat production. Energy, 34: 41–45. TUIK (2015). Statistical database. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul.
  • Ulrich S, Tischer S, Hofmann B and Christen O (2010). Biological soil properties in a long-term tillage trial in Germany. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 173: 483-489.
  • Uzun B, Yol E, Furat Ş, Topakçı M, Çanakçı M and Karayel D (2012). The effects of different tillage methods on the post-wheat second crop sesame: seed yield, energy budget, and economic return. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 36: 399–407.
  • Verch G, Kachele H, Holtl K, Richter C and Fuchs C (2009). Comparing the profitability of tillage methods in Northeast Germany-a field trial from 2002 to 2005. Soil & Tillage Research, 104: 16–21.
  • Wilson HM and Al-Kaisi MM (2008). Crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization effect on soil CO2 emissions in central lowa, Applied Soil Ecology, 39: 264–270.
  • Yang X, Drury CF and Wander MM (2013). A wide view of no-tillage practices and soil organic carbon sequestration. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil and Plant Science, 63: 523–530.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tamer Marakoğlu This is me

Kazım Çarman This is me

Publication Date September 26, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 33 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Marakoğlu, T., & Çarman, K. (2016). Effects of reduced tillage and residue management on soil physical properties, organic carbon and wheat yield components in Middle Anatolia. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 33(2), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag1072