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Türkiye’de Yerel Buğday Popülasyonlarının Durumu ve Yerel Buğday Üreten Üreticilerin Üretim Kararlarında Etkili Olan Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 54 - 64, 09.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag4225

Abstract

Türkiye önemli gen merkezlerinden biri olup aynı zamanda buğdayın anavatanı konumundadır. Anadolu’da 10.000 yıllık bir tarihi olan buğdayın stratejik bir ürün olmasının yanı sıra kültürel bir mirastır. Bu kültürel miras ve genetik çeşitlilik teknolojideki ilerlemeler, girdi kullanımındaki artış, artan nüfus, daha fazla verim ve daha fazla ekonomik kazanç elde edinme isteği gibi nedenlerle yerini yeni modern buğday çeşitlerine bırakmış, yani genetik erozyona uğramıştır. Bu çalışma ile ekim alanları daralmış yerel buğday popülasyonlarını (YBP) üreten üreticilerin bu popülasyonları üretmeye devam etmelerinde etkili olan faktörler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma 2009-2014 yıllarında Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, CIMMYT ve ICARDA tarafından koordine edilen IWWIP (International Winter Wheat Improvement Program-Uluslararası Kışlık Buğday Geliştirme Programı) çatısı altında ve son 2 yılında FAO işbirliğinde Türkiye’de 65 ilde yürütülmüştür. “Gayeli Örnekleme Yöntemi” ile belirlenen yerleşim yerlerinde toplam 1873 yerel buğday üreticisi ile yüz yüze anket soru formları doldurulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’de yerel buğday popülasyonlarının hala dağlık ve tarımsal faaliyetlerin daha çok geleneksel sistemlerle yapıldığı alanlarda kendi ihtiyacını karşılamak amacı ile üretilmekte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Geleneksel tat ve lezzet ile hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin bu popülasyonun devam etmesindeki en önemli etkenler olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

References

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  • Businessline (2011). Bhalia wheat gets GI tag. The Hindu Businessline. 15 August, 2011. Ahmedabad, India.
  • Damania AB, Pecetti L, Qualset CO and Humeid BO (1996). Diversity and geographic distribution of adaptive traits in Triticum turgidum L. (durum group) wheat landraces from Turkey. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 43:409-422.
  • Demir İ (1990). Genel Bitki Islahı. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No 496: 366 s. E.Ü.Z. F. Ofset Atölyesi İzmir.
  • Dinçer B ve Özaslan M (2004). İlçelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması (2004), http://www.tkhk.gov.tr/Dosyalar/5e32d48195ff4f0a9568f1d7daf79136.pdf
  • Dotlačil L, Hermuth J, Stehno Z, Dvořáček V, Bradová J and Leišová L (2010). How can wheat landraces contribute to present breeding? Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 46:S70-S74.
  • FAOSTAT (2017). Statistical Database-Crop Statistics . http://faostat.fao.org (Accessed to web: 31.01.2017).
  • Feder G, Just RE and Zilberman D (1985). Adoption of agrucultural innovations in developing countries: A survey. Economic Development and Cultural Change 33:255-298.
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  • Gökgöl M (1939). Türkiye’nin Buğdayları. Tom II. İstanbul.
  • Gökgöl M, Taşan R (1978). Yeşilköy Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün (Marmara-Trakya Bölge Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsü) 50 Yılı, 1926-1976. İstanbul.
  • Harlan JR (1950). Collection of crop plants in Turkey. Agron. J. 42:258-259.
  • Harlan JR (1995). The Living Fields: Our Agricultural Heritage. Cambridge Univ. Pres. Cambridge. U. K.
  • Hintze LH (2002). “Characteristics, Transaction Costs, and Adoption of Modern Varieties in Honduras.” Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University, North Carolina.
  • Jaradat AA (2012). Wheat Landraces: Genetic Resources for Sustenance and Sustainability. USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267 USA.
  • Jarvis DI, Myer L, Klemick H, Guarino L, Smale M, Brown AHD, Sadiki M, Sthapit B and Hodgkin T (2000). A Training Guide for In Situ Conservation On-farm. Version 1. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
  • Kan M, Küçükçongar M, Keser M, Morgunov A, Muminjanov H, Özdemir F and Qualset C (2015). Wheat landraces in farmers’ fields in Turkey: National survey, collection, and conservation, 2009–2014. FAO, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Kan M, Küçükçongar M, Keser M, Morgunov A, Muminjanov H, Özdemir F and Qualset C (2016). Wheat landraces production on farm level in Turkey: Who is growing where? Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 53:159–169.
  • Karagöz A (2014). Wheat landraces of Turkey. Emir. J. Food Agric. 26:149–156.
  • Keller L, Schmid JE and Keller ER (1991). Are cereal landraces a source for breeding? Landwirtschaft Schweiz 4:197-202.
  • Kesici T ve Kocabaş Z (2007). Biyoistatistik. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayını, Yayın No:94, Ankara.
  • Köklü N (1995). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve likert tipi ölçeklerde kullanılan seçenekler. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 28 (2): 81-93.
  • Kruzic TJ and Meng E (2006). Wheat Landrace Cultivation in Turkey: Household Land-use Determinants and Implications for On-Farm Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources. International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, August 12-16, 2006, Gold Coast, Australia.
  • Mazid A, Amegbeto KN, Keser M, Alexey M, Peker K, Bağcı A, Akın M, Küçükçongar M, Kan M, Karabak S, Semerci A, Altıkat A and Yakutbay Ş (2009). Adoption and Impacts of Improved Winter and Spring Wheat Varieties in Turkey, ICARDA-Allepo/Syria.
  • Meng ECH (1997). Land Allocation Decisions and In Situ Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources: The Case of Wheat Landraces in Turkey. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis, California.
  • Nesbitt M and Samuel D (1996). From stable crop to extinction? The archaeology and history of the hulled wheats. pp. 41-100 in: Padulosi, S, Hammer, K, and Heller, J (eds.), Hulled Wheats. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
  • Omamo SW (1998). Transport Costs and Smallholder Cropping Choices: An Application to Slaya District, Kenya. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80:116-123.
  • Onurlubaş E and Doğan HG (2016). Existing State of Organic Product Consumption in Turkey and the Consumer Trends, Akademik Bakış, 54: 353- 367.
  • Perrin R and Winkelmann D (1976). Impediments to technological progress on small versus large farms. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 58:888-894.
  • Tanno K and Willcox G (2006). The origins of cultivation of Cicer arietinum L. and Vicia faba L.: early finds from north west Syria (Tell el-Kerkh, late 10th millennium BP). Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 15:197-204.
  • Tesemma T, Tsegaye S, Belay G, Bechere E and Mitiku D (1998). Stability of performance of tetraploid wheat landraces in the Ethiopian highland. Euphytica 102:301-308.
  • TÜİK (2017). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistik Veri Tabanı. www.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2017)
  • Vavilov N (1994). Origin and Geography of Cultivated Crops. Cambridge Univ. Press. U. K.
  • Yavuz M (2010). Wheat Flour from Turkey. Export Promotion Center of Turkey. http://www.economy.gov.tr/upload/sectoralreports/Wheat%20Flour.pdf.
  • Zanatta ACA, Keser M, Kilinc N, Brush SB and Qualset CO (1996). Agronomic performance of wheat landraces from western Turkey: bases for in situ conservation practices by farmers. 5th International Wheat Conference, June 10-14, 1996, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Zanatta ACA, Keser M, Kilinc N, Brush SB and Qualset CO (1998). Competitive performance of wheat landraces from western Turkey: Basis for locally based conservation of genetic resources, Proceedings of the 9th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, 2-7 August 1998, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
  • Zhukovsky PM (1951). Ecological types and economic importance of Anatolian wheat (Translators: C. Kıpçak, H. Nouruzhan, and S. Türkistanlı). pp. 158-214 in: Agricultural Structure of Turkey (in Turkish). Turkish Sugar Beet Plants Publications No: 207.
  • Zohary D and Hopf M (1988). Domestication of Plants in the Old World. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
Year 2017, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 54 - 64, 09.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag4225

Abstract

References

  • Brush SB, Taylor JE and Bellon MR (1992). Technology adoption and biological diversity in Andean potato agriculture. Journal of Development Economics 39(2):365-387.
  • Businessline (2011). Bhalia wheat gets GI tag. The Hindu Businessline. 15 August, 2011. Ahmedabad, India.
  • Damania AB, Pecetti L, Qualset CO and Humeid BO (1996). Diversity and geographic distribution of adaptive traits in Triticum turgidum L. (durum group) wheat landraces from Turkey. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 43:409-422.
  • Demir İ (1990). Genel Bitki Islahı. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No 496: 366 s. E.Ü.Z. F. Ofset Atölyesi İzmir.
  • Dinçer B ve Özaslan M (2004). İlçelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması (2004), http://www.tkhk.gov.tr/Dosyalar/5e32d48195ff4f0a9568f1d7daf79136.pdf
  • Dotlačil L, Hermuth J, Stehno Z, Dvořáček V, Bradová J and Leišová L (2010). How can wheat landraces contribute to present breeding? Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 46:S70-S74.
  • FAOSTAT (2017). Statistical Database-Crop Statistics . http://faostat.fao.org (Accessed to web: 31.01.2017).
  • Feder G, Just RE and Zilberman D (1985). Adoption of agrucultural innovations in developing countries: A survey. Economic Development and Cultural Change 33:255-298.
  • Gökgöl M (1935). Türkiye’nin Buğdayları. Tom I. İstanbul.
  • Gökgöl M (1939). Türkiye’nin Buğdayları. Tom II. İstanbul.
  • Gökgöl M, Taşan R (1978). Yeşilköy Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün (Marmara-Trakya Bölge Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsü) 50 Yılı, 1926-1976. İstanbul.
  • Harlan JR (1950). Collection of crop plants in Turkey. Agron. J. 42:258-259.
  • Harlan JR (1995). The Living Fields: Our Agricultural Heritage. Cambridge Univ. Pres. Cambridge. U. K.
  • Hintze LH (2002). “Characteristics, Transaction Costs, and Adoption of Modern Varieties in Honduras.” Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University, North Carolina.
  • Jaradat AA (2012). Wheat Landraces: Genetic Resources for Sustenance and Sustainability. USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267 USA.
  • Jarvis DI, Myer L, Klemick H, Guarino L, Smale M, Brown AHD, Sadiki M, Sthapit B and Hodgkin T (2000). A Training Guide for In Situ Conservation On-farm. Version 1. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
  • Kan M, Küçükçongar M, Keser M, Morgunov A, Muminjanov H, Özdemir F and Qualset C (2015). Wheat landraces in farmers’ fields in Turkey: National survey, collection, and conservation, 2009–2014. FAO, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Kan M, Küçükçongar M, Keser M, Morgunov A, Muminjanov H, Özdemir F and Qualset C (2016). Wheat landraces production on farm level in Turkey: Who is growing where? Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 53:159–169.
  • Karagöz A (2014). Wheat landraces of Turkey. Emir. J. Food Agric. 26:149–156.
  • Keller L, Schmid JE and Keller ER (1991). Are cereal landraces a source for breeding? Landwirtschaft Schweiz 4:197-202.
  • Kesici T ve Kocabaş Z (2007). Biyoistatistik. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayını, Yayın No:94, Ankara.
  • Köklü N (1995). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve likert tipi ölçeklerde kullanılan seçenekler. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 28 (2): 81-93.
  • Kruzic TJ and Meng E (2006). Wheat Landrace Cultivation in Turkey: Household Land-use Determinants and Implications for On-Farm Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources. International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, August 12-16, 2006, Gold Coast, Australia.
  • Mazid A, Amegbeto KN, Keser M, Alexey M, Peker K, Bağcı A, Akın M, Küçükçongar M, Kan M, Karabak S, Semerci A, Altıkat A and Yakutbay Ş (2009). Adoption and Impacts of Improved Winter and Spring Wheat Varieties in Turkey, ICARDA-Allepo/Syria.
  • Meng ECH (1997). Land Allocation Decisions and In Situ Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources: The Case of Wheat Landraces in Turkey. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis, California.
  • Nesbitt M and Samuel D (1996). From stable crop to extinction? The archaeology and history of the hulled wheats. pp. 41-100 in: Padulosi, S, Hammer, K, and Heller, J (eds.), Hulled Wheats. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
  • Omamo SW (1998). Transport Costs and Smallholder Cropping Choices: An Application to Slaya District, Kenya. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80:116-123.
  • Onurlubaş E and Doğan HG (2016). Existing State of Organic Product Consumption in Turkey and the Consumer Trends, Akademik Bakış, 54: 353- 367.
  • Perrin R and Winkelmann D (1976). Impediments to technological progress on small versus large farms. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 58:888-894.
  • Tanno K and Willcox G (2006). The origins of cultivation of Cicer arietinum L. and Vicia faba L.: early finds from north west Syria (Tell el-Kerkh, late 10th millennium BP). Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 15:197-204.
  • Tesemma T, Tsegaye S, Belay G, Bechere E and Mitiku D (1998). Stability of performance of tetraploid wheat landraces in the Ethiopian highland. Euphytica 102:301-308.
  • TÜİK (2017). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistik Veri Tabanı. www.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2017)
  • Vavilov N (1994). Origin and Geography of Cultivated Crops. Cambridge Univ. Press. U. K.
  • Yavuz M (2010). Wheat Flour from Turkey. Export Promotion Center of Turkey. http://www.economy.gov.tr/upload/sectoralreports/Wheat%20Flour.pdf.
  • Zanatta ACA, Keser M, Kilinc N, Brush SB and Qualset CO (1996). Agronomic performance of wheat landraces from western Turkey: bases for in situ conservation practices by farmers. 5th International Wheat Conference, June 10-14, 1996, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Zanatta ACA, Keser M, Kilinc N, Brush SB and Qualset CO (1998). Competitive performance of wheat landraces from western Turkey: Basis for locally based conservation of genetic resources, Proceedings of the 9th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, 2-7 August 1998, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
  • Zhukovsky PM (1951). Ecological types and economic importance of Anatolian wheat (Translators: C. Kıpçak, H. Nouruzhan, and S. Türkistanlı). pp. 158-214 in: Agricultural Structure of Turkey (in Turkish). Turkish Sugar Beet Plants Publications No: 207.
  • Zohary D and Hopf M (1988). Domestication of Plants in the Old World. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Kan

Murat Küçükçongar This is me

Alexey Morgounov This is me

Mesut Keser This is me

Fatih Özdemir This is me

Hafız Mumınjanov This is me

Calvin O. Qualset This is me

Publication Date September 9, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 34 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kan, M., Küçükçongar, M., Morgounov, A., Keser, M., et al. (2017). Türkiye’de Yerel Buğday Popülasyonlarının Durumu ve Yerel Buğday Üreten Üreticilerin Üretim Kararlarında Etkili Olan Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 34(2), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag4225