Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Healing Process From Sexual Abuse In Gestalt Therapy

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 185 - 199, 15.12.2020

Abstract

A victim of sexual abuse has somehow survived, outliving the abuse itself. Throughout the process of therapy though, the survivors’ task is to take their sense of selves back. Therefore, the process of taking back the sense of self of a survivor means that this actually is a story of reconstruction in which the survivor does not surrender her sense of needs, her embodied sense of presence to any other person, including her therapist. In a therapeutic practice with such abusive context and with its related trauma, the traumatic nature of sexual abuse -just like in other kinds of trauma and abuse related stories- should be examined sensitively and most importantly without re-traumatizing clients. Therefore in this review, the understanding of this type of sexual abuse related trauma is explained by understanding how to provide the survivor a purposeful and mutually agreed therapy plan and by giving certain examples of Gestalt therapy along the way. Regarding this review study, experimental studies and researches on the process of Gestalt therapy in sexual abuse cases have been proposed to fill the gap in related literature. Research related to Gestalt individual and group therapies and support for relevant studies can be suggested to ensure that individuals who are subjected to and/or who witness domestic abuse would not internalize situations such as defenslessness at the time of abuse and develop awareness about their interpersonal relations and contact styles by the help of similar groupwork or individual therapy.

References

  • Bal, E. (2011). Lisanslı bayan sporcuların cinsel istismar ve taciz durumlarının incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erciyes ÜniversitesiSağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kayseri.
  • Beisser, A. (1970). The paradoxical theory of change. Gestalt therapy now, 77-80.
  • Brownell, P., & Div, M. (2005). Contemporary Gestalt therapy theory: Organizing perspective for juvenile sex offender treatment. Gestalt Review, 9(2), 175-190.
  • Buber, M. (1958). I and thou. New York:Scribners. Buber, M. (1958). I and thou. New York:Scribners.
  • Clarkson, P. (2008). Gestalt counselling in action. Sage.
  • Clemmens, M.C. (2020). Embodied contexts: the forms we create, the forms that create us. (Ed. Clemmens, M). 1-36, Embodied relational Gestalt: Theories and applications. Taylor & Francis.
  • Daş, C. (2004). Nefes al-ver ve harekete geç:Anksiyete ve Geştalt terapi yaklaşımı. Temas Dergisi, 1(3), 127-141.
  • Daş, C. (2006). Bütünleşmek ve büyümek: Geştalt terapi yaklaşımı. Ankara: HYB.
  • Daş, C. (2011). Aslında kiminle evleneceğimi biliyorum: Geştalt yaklaşımı ile ilişkiler. VI. Ulusal Aile ve Evlilik Terapileri Kongresi, 16-18 Ekim, İstanbul.
  • Francesetti, G., Gecele, M., & Roubal, J. (2013). Gestalt therapy approach to psychopathology. In: Francesetti, G., Gecele, M., Roubal, J., eds, Gestalt Therapy in Clinical Practice. From Psychopathology to the Aesthetics of Contact. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 59-76.
  • Francis, T., & Parlett, M. (2016). Contact and context: new directions in Gestalt coaching. Gestalt Press.
  • Friedman, H. R. (1999). A Gestalt approach to sexual compulsivity. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 6(1), 63-75.
  • Ginger, S. (2018). Gestalt therapy: the art of contact. Routledge.
  • Greenberg, L. S., Elliott, R., & Lietaer, G. (1994). Research on experiential psychotherapies. Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 4, 509-539.
  • Herman, J.L. (1992). Trauma and Recovery: From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. London: Basic Books.
  • Horvath, A. O., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 61(4), 561.
  • Houston, G. (2003). Brief Gestalt therapy. London: Sage Publishers.
  • Hycner, R. H. (1985). Dialogical Gestalt therapy: An initial proposal. Gestalt Journal, 8(1), 23–49.
  • Joyce, P., & Sills, C. (2018). Skills in Gestalt counselling & psychotherapy. Sage.
  • Kepner, J. I. (2013). Healing tasks: Psychotherapy with adult survivors of childhood abuse. Gestalt Press.
  • Korkmaz, B. (2019). Cinsel saldırıya maruz kalan kadınlarda psikoterapötik değişim sürecinin incelenmesi: Şema odaklı bir yaklaşım. Doktora Tezi Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara
  • Lambie, G. W. (2005). Child abuse and neglect: A practical guide for professional school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 8(3), 249-25
  • Lee, R. G., & Wheeler, G. (2013). The voice of shame: Silence and connection in psychotherapy. Gestalt Press.
  • Levine, P. A. (2010). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books.
  • Macaluso, M. A. (2020). Deliberateness and spontaneity in Gestalt therapy practice. British Gestalt Journal, 29 (1), 30-36.
  • Mann, D. (2010). Gestalt therapy: 100 key points and techniques. Routledge.
  • Oelofsen, M., Ferreira, R., & Ebersohn, L. (2007). An alternative way of assessing girls who have been sexually abused: Using Gestalt Therapy for assessment purposes. Child abuse research in South Africa, 8(2), 69-80.
  • Perls, F.S., Hefferline, R.E. & Goodman, P. (2006) Gestalt therapy excitement and growth in the human personality. Dell, New York.
  • Philippson, P. (2018). The emergent self: An existential-Gestalt approach. Routledge.
  • Pretorius, G., & Pfeifer, N. (2010). Group art therapy with sexually abused girls. South African Journal of Psychology, 40(1), 63-73.
  • Sapriel, L. (1998). Can Gestalt therapy, self-psychology and intersubjectivity theory be integrated? British Gestalt Journal, 7 (1): 33-44.
  • Simon, S. N., & Geib, P. (1996). When therapists cause shame: Rupture and repair at the contact boundary. The voice of shame, (ed.Lee, R. G., & Wheeler, G.) 315-335, Gestalt Press.
  • Staemmler, F.M. (2020). Human suffering and the vicissitudes of personal responsibility in the course of psychotherapy. British Gestalt Journal, 29,1, 12-20.
  • Stern, D. N. (2002). The first relationship: infant and mother. Harvard University Press.
  • Taylor, M. (2014). Trauma therapy and clinical practice: Neuroscience, Gestalt and the body. Mc Graw-Hill Education (UK).
  • Yolaç, P.& Tuğrul, C. (1991). Vaginismus tedavisinde geştalt yaklaşımı. 27. Ulusal Psikiyatrik. Bilimler Kongresi, 6-9 Kasım, Antalya.
  • Zinker, J. C. (2013). In search of good form: Gestalt therapy with couples and families. Taylor & Francis.

Gestalt Terapi’de Cinsel İstismardan İyileşme Süreci

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 185 - 199, 15.12.2020

Abstract

Cinsel istismar mağduru istismardan bir şekilde kurtulmuş ve ayakta kalmıştır. Terapi boyunca mağdurun önünde uzanan süreç ise istismara uğramış benliğini geri kazanma sürecidir. Dolayısıyla cinsel istismar mağdurunun benliğini bu şekilde geri kazanma ve yeniden yapılandırma süreci, onun temasa açık, ihtiyaçlarına karşı duyarlı ve ön yargısız bir duruşla var olma ve kendini gerçekleştirme sürecini terapisti de dahil olmak üzere herhangi bir diğer kişiye teslim etmediği bir yeniden yapılanma öyküsüdür. İstismar travması ile yapılan terapötik uygulamada cinsel istismar mağduriyetinin travmatik yapısı ve içeriği dolayısıyla diğer travma ve istismar öykülerinde de olduğu gibi danışanları tekrar travmatize etmeden, hassasiyetle ve dikkatle çalışılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, derleme niteliğinde olan bu çalışmada cinsel istismar travmasının mağdur üzerindeki etkisinin anlaşılması, mağdura yönelik geliştirilen terapi planı ve terapinin uygulanması konuları örnekler verilerek açıklanmıştır. Bu derleme çalışması sonucunda literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmaya yönelik Gestalt terapinin cinsel istismar vakalarında işlenişine dair deneysel çalışmaların ve araştırmaların yapılması önerilmiştir. Aile içi istismara maruz kalan ve tanık olan bireylerin istismar anındaki savunmasızlık gibi durumları içselleştirmemeleri ve bu ve benzeri durumlara karşı savunmasız kalmamalarına yönelik kişilerarası ilişkilerde kendilerini savunma ve temas biçimleriyle ilgili farkındalık geliştirmeleri amacıyla erken müdahele oluşturabilme anlamında da Gestalt grup çalışmalarının yapılması ve bu çalışmalarının da desteklenmesi önerilebilir.

References

  • Bal, E. (2011). Lisanslı bayan sporcuların cinsel istismar ve taciz durumlarının incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erciyes ÜniversitesiSağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kayseri.
  • Beisser, A. (1970). The paradoxical theory of change. Gestalt therapy now, 77-80.
  • Brownell, P., & Div, M. (2005). Contemporary Gestalt therapy theory: Organizing perspective for juvenile sex offender treatment. Gestalt Review, 9(2), 175-190.
  • Buber, M. (1958). I and thou. New York:Scribners. Buber, M. (1958). I and thou. New York:Scribners.
  • Clarkson, P. (2008). Gestalt counselling in action. Sage.
  • Clemmens, M.C. (2020). Embodied contexts: the forms we create, the forms that create us. (Ed. Clemmens, M). 1-36, Embodied relational Gestalt: Theories and applications. Taylor & Francis.
  • Daş, C. (2004). Nefes al-ver ve harekete geç:Anksiyete ve Geştalt terapi yaklaşımı. Temas Dergisi, 1(3), 127-141.
  • Daş, C. (2006). Bütünleşmek ve büyümek: Geştalt terapi yaklaşımı. Ankara: HYB.
  • Daş, C. (2011). Aslında kiminle evleneceğimi biliyorum: Geştalt yaklaşımı ile ilişkiler. VI. Ulusal Aile ve Evlilik Terapileri Kongresi, 16-18 Ekim, İstanbul.
  • Francesetti, G., Gecele, M., & Roubal, J. (2013). Gestalt therapy approach to psychopathology. In: Francesetti, G., Gecele, M., Roubal, J., eds, Gestalt Therapy in Clinical Practice. From Psychopathology to the Aesthetics of Contact. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 59-76.
  • Francis, T., & Parlett, M. (2016). Contact and context: new directions in Gestalt coaching. Gestalt Press.
  • Friedman, H. R. (1999). A Gestalt approach to sexual compulsivity. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 6(1), 63-75.
  • Ginger, S. (2018). Gestalt therapy: the art of contact. Routledge.
  • Greenberg, L. S., Elliott, R., & Lietaer, G. (1994). Research on experiential psychotherapies. Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 4, 509-539.
  • Herman, J.L. (1992). Trauma and Recovery: From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. London: Basic Books.
  • Horvath, A. O., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 61(4), 561.
  • Houston, G. (2003). Brief Gestalt therapy. London: Sage Publishers.
  • Hycner, R. H. (1985). Dialogical Gestalt therapy: An initial proposal. Gestalt Journal, 8(1), 23–49.
  • Joyce, P., & Sills, C. (2018). Skills in Gestalt counselling & psychotherapy. Sage.
  • Kepner, J. I. (2013). Healing tasks: Psychotherapy with adult survivors of childhood abuse. Gestalt Press.
  • Korkmaz, B. (2019). Cinsel saldırıya maruz kalan kadınlarda psikoterapötik değişim sürecinin incelenmesi: Şema odaklı bir yaklaşım. Doktora Tezi Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara
  • Lambie, G. W. (2005). Child abuse and neglect: A practical guide for professional school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 8(3), 249-25
  • Lee, R. G., & Wheeler, G. (2013). The voice of shame: Silence and connection in psychotherapy. Gestalt Press.
  • Levine, P. A. (2010). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books.
  • Macaluso, M. A. (2020). Deliberateness and spontaneity in Gestalt therapy practice. British Gestalt Journal, 29 (1), 30-36.
  • Mann, D. (2010). Gestalt therapy: 100 key points and techniques. Routledge.
  • Oelofsen, M., Ferreira, R., & Ebersohn, L. (2007). An alternative way of assessing girls who have been sexually abused: Using Gestalt Therapy for assessment purposes. Child abuse research in South Africa, 8(2), 69-80.
  • Perls, F.S., Hefferline, R.E. & Goodman, P. (2006) Gestalt therapy excitement and growth in the human personality. Dell, New York.
  • Philippson, P. (2018). The emergent self: An existential-Gestalt approach. Routledge.
  • Pretorius, G., & Pfeifer, N. (2010). Group art therapy with sexually abused girls. South African Journal of Psychology, 40(1), 63-73.
  • Sapriel, L. (1998). Can Gestalt therapy, self-psychology and intersubjectivity theory be integrated? British Gestalt Journal, 7 (1): 33-44.
  • Simon, S. N., & Geib, P. (1996). When therapists cause shame: Rupture and repair at the contact boundary. The voice of shame, (ed.Lee, R. G., & Wheeler, G.) 315-335, Gestalt Press.
  • Staemmler, F.M. (2020). Human suffering and the vicissitudes of personal responsibility in the course of psychotherapy. British Gestalt Journal, 29,1, 12-20.
  • Stern, D. N. (2002). The first relationship: infant and mother. Harvard University Press.
  • Taylor, M. (2014). Trauma therapy and clinical practice: Neuroscience, Gestalt and the body. Mc Graw-Hill Education (UK).
  • Yolaç, P.& Tuğrul, C. (1991). Vaginismus tedavisinde geştalt yaklaşımı. 27. Ulusal Psikiyatrik. Bilimler Kongresi, 6-9 Kasım, Antalya.
  • Zinker, J. C. (2013). In search of good form: Gestalt therapy with couples and families. Taylor & Francis.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Emre Şen 0000-0003-0115-8670

Publication Date December 15, 2020
Submission Date November 16, 2020
Acceptance Date December 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şen, E. (2020). Gestalt Terapi’de Cinsel İstismardan İyileşme Süreci. Gelişim Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(2), 185-199.

Journal of Development and Psychology (JODAP)