Tarihsel Bağlar ve Uluslararası Ticaret İlişkisi: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Mirasının Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaretine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 201 - 213, 30.06.2025

Erdem Ateş

https://doi.org/10.62001/gsijses.1702188

Öz

Küresel ticaretten yüksek pay elde etmek yalnızca kaliteli mal arz etmek ya da maliyet avantajına dayalı olarak ürün üretmekten ibaret değildir. Her ülkenin kendine has uluslararası ticaret yapısı ve bu yapıyı şekillendiren bileşenleri bulunmaktadır. Bu bileşenlerden birisi de tarihsel bağlardır. Tarihsel bağlar, kolonyal ya da bir imparatorluk geçmişine sahip olma yoluyla oluşmaktadır. Tarihsel bağlar kültürel, siyasi, hukuki ve dil bağları yaratarak ayrıca benzer kurumsal yapıların oluşmasına neden olarak günümüz ticaretini de etkileme gücüne sahiptirler. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun mirasçısı olarak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, birçok ülkeyle tarihsel bağlara sahip bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı mirasının Türkiye’nin uluslararası ticaretindeki etkisini analiz etmektir. Bunun için 182 ülkenin 2007-2023 dönemi verileri yıllık olarak kullanılmış ve panel yapısal çekim modeli ile analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun yönetiminde bulunmanın Türkiye ile taraf ülkenin ticaretini artırıcı etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

uluslararası ticaret , ihracat ve ithalat analizleri , uluslararası iktisat , osmanlı imparatorluğu , tarihsel bağlar

HISTORICAL TIES AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE: THE IMPACT OF THE LEGACY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ON TÜRKIYE'S FOREIGN TRADE

Öz

Obtaining a high share of global trade is not only about supplying quality goods or producing products based on cost advantage. Each country has its own unique international trade structure and components that shape this structure. One of these components is historical ties. Historical ties are formed by having a colonial or imperial past. Historical ties have the power to influence contemporary trade by creating cultural, political, legal, and linguistic ties, as well as by creating similar institutional structures. As the heir to the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Türkiye has historical ties with many countries. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of Ottoman heritage on Türkiye's international trade. For this purpose, annual data of 182 countries for the period 2007-2023 are used and analyzed with the panel structural gravity model. As a result, it is determined that being under the rule of the Ottoman Empire has an increasing effect on Türkiye's trade with other countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International trade , export and import analysis , international economics , Ottoman Empire , historical links.

Kaynakça

• Anderson, J. E. ve Wincoop, E. van. (2003). Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle. https://www2.bc.edu/james- anderson/BorderEffects.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Athow, B. ve Blanton, R. G. (2002). Colonıal Style And Colonıal Legacıes : Trade Patterns In Brıtısh And French Africa. Journal of Third World Studies, 19(2), 219–241.
• Baldwin, R. ve Taglioni, D. (2007). Trade Effects of the Euro: a Comparison of Estimators. Journal of Economic Integration, 22(4), 780–818. doi:10.11130/jei.2007.22.4.780
• Berthou, A. ve Ehrhart, H. (2017). Trade networks and colonial trade spillovers. Review of International Economics, 25(4), 891–923.
• Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1979). A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287–1294.
• Çetin, M. (2019). Osmanlı Devleti’nin Dış Ticaretinin Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı ile Analizi. Journal of Turkish Studies, 14(4), 2163–2177. doi:10.29228/TurkishStudies.23459
• Eichengreen, B. ve Irwin, D. A. (1998). The Role of History in Bilateral Trade Flows. The Regionalization of the World Economy içinde (ss. 33–62). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Flux, A. W. (1899). The Flag and Trade: A Summary Review of the Trade of the Chief Colonial Empires. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 62(3), 489–533. doi:10.2307/2979935
• Gangloff, S. (2005). The impact of the Ottoman legacy on Turkish policy in the Balkans (1991-1999). La perception de l’héritage ottoman dans les Balkans, 11, 169–195.
• Geyikdağı, N. (2011). Foreign Investment in the Ottoman Empire International Trade and Relations, 1854–1914. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd.
• Gokmen, G., Vermeulen, W. N. ve Vézina, P. L. (2020). The imperial roots of global trade. Journal of Economic Growth, 25(1), 87–145. doi:10.1007/S10887-020-09174-7/TABLES/20
• Grosjean, P. (2011). The Weight of History on European Cultural Integration: A Gravity Approach. American Economic Review, 101(3), 504–08. doi:10.1257/AER.101.3.504
• Head, K., Mayer, T. ve Ries, J. (2010). The erosion of colonial trade linkages after independence. Journal of International Economics, 81(1), 1–14. doi:10.1016/J.JINTECO.2010.01.002
• Hjortshøj, K. ve Rourke, O. ’. (2025). Empires and Globalization ( No: 2025–06). Discussion Paper. doi:10.34894/VQ1DJA
• İnalcık, H. ve Quataert, D. (2004). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi. İstanbul: Eren Yayıncılık.
• J. B. Ramsey. (1969). Tests for Specification Errors in Classical Linear Least-Squares Regression Analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 31(2), 350–371.
• Javorcik, B., Kitzmüller, L., Schweiger, H. ve Yıldırım, M. A. (2024). Economic costs of friendshoring. World Economy, 47(7), 2871–2908.
• Mehmet, Ö. (2020). The Ottoman Legacy and Neo-Ottomanism. Insight Turkey, 22(4), 253–260. doi:10.25253/99.2020224.14
• Nece, M. (2022). The Impact of Colonial Ties of the Trade Relationships of African Countries. Economics of Development (ECD). The Hague. http://hdl.handle.net/2105/65425 adresinden.
• Rodríguez-Alegría, E. ve Stoner, W. D. (2016). The trade in cooking pots under the AZTEC and spanish empires. Ancient Mesoamerica, 27(1), 197–207. doi:10.1017/S0956536116000092
• Sandberg, H. M., Seale, J. L. ve Taylor, T. G. (2006). History, regionalism, and CARICOM trade: A gravity model analysis. Journal of Development Studies, 42(5), 795–811. doi:10.1080/00220380600741995
• Serdaroğlu, U. S. (2018). The Evolution of Commercial Institutions and Business Networks in the Ottoman Empire: British Merchant Families and Individual Merchants in the Levant Trade in the 18th Century. University of Birmingham.
• Stack, M. M., Ackrill, R. ve Bliss, M. (2019). Sugar trade and the role of historical colonial linkages. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 46(1), 79–108. doi:10.1093/ERAE/JBY020
• Tirthankar, R. (2015). The Economic Legacies of Colonial Rule in India: Another Look on JSTOR. Economic and Political Weekly, 50(15), 51–59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24481887?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents adresinden erişildi.
• Türel, M. ve Baycar, K. (2022). Determinants of Bilateral Trade between Europeans and the Ottoman Empire: 1878-1913. World Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), 81–91. doi:10.22440/WJAE.8.2.3
• Walker, J. W. (2019). Turkey’s Imperial Legacy: Understanding Contemporary Turkey through its Ottoman Past. J. Harris (Ed.), Th e Nation in the Global Era: Confl ict and Transformation içinde (ss. 384–398). Leiden: IDC Publishers.
• Yanik, L. K. (2016). Bringing the Empire Back In: The Gradual Discovery of the Ottoman Empire in Turkish Foreign Policy. Welt des Islams,
• 56(3–4), 466–488. doi:10.1163/15700607-05634p09
• Yaşar, E. ve Korkmaz, İ. (2017). Analysis of Foreign Trade Between Turkey and The Balkan Countries with Gravity Model. The Journal of Kesit Academy, 3(10), 382–407.