Covid-19 Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları ve Akupunktur

Abstract

2019 Aralık ayının sonlarında Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Wuhan kentinde nedeni bilinmeyen bir pnömoni salgını meydana geldi. Dünyada koronavirüs hastalığı 19 (covid-19) adı verilen pandemi bugünkü güncel rakamlarla 453.774.980 kişinin hastalanmasına ve 6.051.450 kişinin ise vefat etmesine neden oldu. Covid-19 hastalığı asemptomatik olabileceği gibi üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonuna benzer hafif semptomlardan yaşamı tehdit eden sepsis bulgularına kadar geniş bir semptom yelpazesine sahip olabilir. Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu yüksek ölüm oranlarından sorumludur. Günümüzde Covid-19 için güvenilirliği ve etkinliği kanıtlanmış spesifik bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Covid-19 tedavisi için önerilen güncel yaklaşımlar arasında; izolasyon, oksijen tedavisi, sıvı yönetimi ve sekonder bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar için antibiyotik kullanımı gibi destekleyici yaklaşımlar yer almaktadır. Covid-19 tedavi seçeneklerine bakıldığında güncel tedavi yaklaşımlarına ilave olarak geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerinin de kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu yazıda Covid-19’a yönelik kullanılabilecek geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerinden biri olan akupunktur tedavisinin gözden geçirilmesi ve okuyucuya bu konuda bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Covid-19
• akupunktur
• geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp
• akupressör tedavi

Covid-19 is Current Treatment Approaches and Acupuncture

Abstract

In late December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, China's Hubei province. This pandemic, which is called coronavirus disease 19 in the world, caused 453.774.980 people to get sick and 6.051.450 people to die. Covid-19 disease can be asymptomatic or have a wide range of symptoms, from mild symptoms similar to upper respiratory tract infection to life-threatening signs of sepsis. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is responsible for high mortality rates. Currently, there is no specific treatment for Covid-19 with proven safety and efficacy. Among the current approaches recommended for Covid-19 treatment; Supportive approaches such as isolation, oxygen therapy, fluid management, and the use of antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections. Looking at the Covid-19 treatment options, it is seen that traditional and complementary medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) methods are also used in addition to current treatment approaches. In this article, it is aimed to review acupuncture treatment, which is one of the traditional and complementary medicine methods that can be used for Covid-19, and to inform the reader on this issue.

Keywords

• covid-19
• acupuncture
• traditional and complementary medicine
• acupressor therapy

References

1. He F, Deng Y, Li W. Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):719- 725. doi:10.1002/jmv.25766
2. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, et al. COVİD-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. doi:10.1111/joim.13091
3. World Health Organization (2022, March 11), WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int
4. Wiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J., & Prescott, H. C. (2020). Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19):A Review. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 324(8), 782–793. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12839
5. Wu L, Yuan Q, Kuang Y, et al. External treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for COVİD-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore).
6. Magro P, Zanella I, Pescarolo M, Castelli F, Quiros-Roldan E. Lopinavir/ritonavir: Repurposing an old drug for HIV infection in COVİD-19 treatment. Biomed J J. 2020;1(11):1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.11.005
7. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Müdürlüğü. COVİD-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) erişkin hasta tedavisi. Bilimsel danışma kurulu çalışması, 2020:19
8. Harapan H, Itoh N, Yufika A, et al. Review article on coronavirus. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(5):667-673. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019

9. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Müdürlüğü. Antisitokin antiinfl amatuar tedaviler, koagülopati yönetimi. Bilimsel danışma kurulu çalışması, 2020:19.
10. Chon TY, Lee MC. Acupuncture. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(10):1141-1146. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.009
11. Huang S, Wang S, Wang M, et al. Eff icacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for COVİD-19. 2020;0(April):0-3.
12. Ding SS, Hong SH, Wang C, Guo Y, Wang ZK, Xu Y. Acupuncture modulates the neuro-endocrine-immune network. Qjm. 2014;107(5):341-345. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hct196
13. Ulloa L, Quiroz-Gonzalez S, Torres-Rosas R. Nerve stimulation: ımmunomodulation and control of ınflammation. Trends Mol Med. 2017;23(12):1103-1120. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.10.006
14. Khansari DN, Murgo AJ, Faith RE. Eff ects of stress on the immune system. Immunol Today. 1990;11(C):170-175. doi:10.1016/0167-5699(90)90069-L
15. Cabıoğlu MT. Akupunktur uygulamasıyla covid-19 enfeksiyonuna karşı profilaksi (prophylaxis against covıd-19 infectıon with the applicatıon of acupuncture). Ankara Akupunktur ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Derg. 2019;2:6-11.
16. LIU W. Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVİD-19 (Second edition) issued by CAAM. elsevier. 2020;30(January):1-4.
17. Zhang B, Zhang K, Tang Q, Sun K, Han Z. Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVİD-19. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(27):e20701. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000020701
18. Xu X, Shi Y-N, Wang R-Y, et al. Home-based traditional Chinese medicine nursing interventions for discharged patients with COVİD-19: a rapid review of Chinese guidelines. Integr Med Res. 2020;9(3):100479. doi:10.1016/j.imr.2020.100479
19. Gong Y, Yang Z, Liu Y, et al. Two cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVİD-19) treated with the combination of acupuncture and medication in bedridden patients 2. World J Acupunct. 2020;30:171-174. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2020.07.005
20. Zhang Q, Xu X, Sun S, et al. Eff icacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in adjuvant treatment of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(28):e21039. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021039
21. Wen D, Wu L, Dong Y, et al. Th e eff ect of acupuncture on the quality of life of patients recovering from COVİD-19: A systematic review protocol. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(30):1-4. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000020780
22. Chen Y, Zhu C, Xu Z, Song Y, Zhang H. Acupuncture for corona virus disease 2019. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(40):e22231. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000022231
23. Zhang Y, Ren T, Li H, Zhu L, Tang Q. Eff ectiveness and safety of acupuncture for anxiety disorder of coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(38):e22177. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000022177
24. Jia H, Han Z, Zhang K, et al. Acupuncture and related interventions for anxiety in coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(30):e21317. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021317
25. Zhang S, Zhu Q, Zhan C, et al. Acupressure therapy and Liu Zi Jue Qigong for pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVİD-19): A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020;21(1):1-11.doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04693-5
26. Nurhan D, Sultan T. Th e eff ects of acupressure on quality of life and dyspnea in lung cancer: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Altern Th er Health Med. 2020;26(1):49–56
27. Feng J, Wang X, Li X, Zhao D, Xu J. Acupuncture for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(40):e4879. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004879
28. Cheng, S. I. Medical acupuncture as a treatment for novel COVID-19-related respiratory distress: Personal Experience from a Frontline Anesthesio