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Alfred Nossig and the Ottoman Empire: An Alternative Vision of Jewish Settlement in Ottoman Palestine (1900–1918)

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 15, 837 - 864, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1736643

Abstract

This article focuses on the activities of Alfred Nossig—an original figure within the international Jewish movement and one of the few who sought to engage directly with the Ottoman Empire—during the period between 1900 and 1918. While the Zionist movement is often foregrounded in Ottoman historiography concerning Jewish political organization, the existence of diverse Jewish organizations such as the Alliance Israélite Universelle, the Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, and B’nai B’rith at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries demonstrates the heterogeneous and multilayered nature of Jewish activism. Unlike the mainstream of Zionism, which, under the leadership of Theodor Herzl, was oriented towards political autonomy and the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, Alfred Nossig advocated a more gradual, pragmatic, and economically driven strategy for Jewish settlement. By examining Nossig’s writings and diplomatic initiatives, particularly his 1915 visit to Istanbul, the study analyzes his efforts to position himself as a mediator between the interests of the Ottoman state and the aspirations for Jewish settlement. In contrast to political Zionism, which aimed at the immediate establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, Nossig advocated a more gradual, pragmatic settlement strategy that he sought to align with Ottoman interests. Viewing himself as a conciliator between Jewish nationalism and the Ottoman imperial framework, Nossig developed proposals that situated Jewish colonization within the broader context of Ottoman modernization, often drawing upon the German colonization model as a point of reference. The article examines Nossig’s diplomatic engagements with Ottoman officials during the Second Constitutional Era, the strategies he pursued, and the reasons for the eventual failure of his initiatives. Despite gaining access to influential figures such as Talat Pasha and Enver Pasha, Nossig’s efforts were ultimately thwarted by the cautious stance of the Ottoman authorities toward large-scale Jewish immigration, his controversial status within the Zionist movement, and the broader geopolitical uncertainties of the war years. Through a close reading of Nossig’s Die Neue Türkei and an analysis of the Allgemeine Jüdische Kolonisations-Organisation (AJKO), which he founded, the article highlights an alternative narrative of Jewish settlement in Palestine—one shaped less by political confrontation and more by diplomacy, Ottoman cooperation, and economic utility. Ultimately, the study sheds new light on the multilayered nature of Jewish political activism in the early twentieth century and offers fresh insights into Ottoman responses to Zionism and Jewish migration. The case of Nossig exemplifies the difficulties of reconciling nationalist aspirations with the geopolitical realities of a declining empire.

References

  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Bab-ı Ali Evrak Odası, 4370/327700.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye İdare-i Umumiye, 60/6.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye Seyrüsefer Kalemi, 56/47.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye Şifre Kalemi, 85/132, 580/25, 580/168
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti İdare, 17/07
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi, 2334/13, 2439/38, 2636/8.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti Sofya Sefareti, 640/81.
  • Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts (AA/PA)-Berlin, , RZ 201/14131, RZ 201/14132, RZ 201/14135, RZ 201/14142, RZ 201/14144,  RZ 201/14145, RZ 201/20944.
  • “Statistica şi Economia politica, Raport de Dr. Alfred Nossig”, Egalitatea, 7 Eylül 1906, s. 279.
  • “Jewish Charity Alliance”, The Jewish Times, C. 11, S. 24, Kasım 1908, ss. 414-415.
  • “The New Colonization Movement”, Jewish Exponent, 13 Kasım 1908, s. 6.
  • “A. J. K. O.”, Jüdische Rundschau, 30 Kasım 1908, s. 439.
  • Egalitatea, 18 Aralık 1909, s. 296.
  • “Colonizing in Asiatic Turkey”, The Hebrew Standard, 25 Şubat 1910, s. 3.
  • “The Week in London”, The Reform Advocate, 23 Temmuz 1910, s. 1143.
  • “Jewish Settlement in Turkey”, The Reform Advocate, 30 Temmuz 1910, s. 1194.
  • The Hebrew Standard, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 4.
  • “A. Nossig Given Permit to Colonize Land in el Arish”, Canadian Jewish Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 14.
  • “To Colonize El-Arisch: Dr. Nossig’s Society Gets Concessions and Purchases Ten Thousand Acres”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 738.
  • “Osher Ginsberg Criticises Dr. Nossig's Work in Turkey”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 19 Mayıs 1911, s. 63.
  • “Why Nossig Formed a New Organization: Condition in Russia Hopeless, A Simple Colonization Society”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 2 Haziran, 1911, s. 139.
  • L’Aurore, 17 Kasım 1911, s. 2.
  • “Allgemeine Jüdische Kolonisations-Organisation”, Die Judische Emigration, Beilage der “Neue National-Zeitung”, S. 9, Kasım 1913, s. 3.
  • “General Jewish Colonization Association”, B’nai B’rith Messenger, C. 17, S. 441, 5 Aralık 1913, s. 11.
  • “Les Juifs d’Allemagne et l’Armee Ottomane”, L’Aurore, 13 Ağustos 1915, s. 1.
  • “Die Türken und die Juden”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 11 Kasım 1915, s. 4.
  • “Germany: Jewish Military Distinction”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 10 Aralık 1915, s. 136.
  • “Die Jüdisch-Türkischen Beziehungen”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 23 Aralık 1915, s. 3.
  • “Die Osmanisch-Israelitische und die Deutsch-Israelitisch Osmanische Union”, Das Jüdische Echo, 24 Aralık 1915, s. 427.
  • AARONSHON, Ran, Rotschild and Early Jewish Colonization in Palestine, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham 2000.
  • ALMOG, Shmuel, “Alfred Nossig: A Reappraisal”, Studies in Zionism, 4:1(2008), ss. 1-29.
  • BALCI, Sezai & Mustafa Balcıoğlu, Rothschildler ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Erguvanî Yayınevi, Ankara 2017.
  • BENBASSA, Esther, “Zionism at the end of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century”, Studies in Zionism, C. 11, S. 2, 1990, ss. 127-141.
  • CAMPOS, Michelle U, Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2011.
  • ÇİÇEK, M. Talha, War and State Formation in Syria: Cemal Pasha’s Governorate during World War I, 1914-1917, Routledge, London and New York 2014.
  • Denkschrift über die Tätigkeit der Allgemeinen Jüdischen Kolonisations-Organization, Berlin 1911.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, “German Intervention on Behalf of the Yishuv, 1917”, Jewish Social Studies, C. 33, S. 1, 1971, ss. 23-43.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, Germany, Turkey and Zionism 1897-1918. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1998.
  • GEBHARD, Lisa Sophie, Davis Trietsch-Der vergessene Visionär: Zionistische Zukunftsentwürfe zwischen Deutschland, Palästina und den USA, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2022.
  • LOKER, Zvi, “Le Rabbin Juda ben Salomon Hay Alcalay et l'Alliance Israélite Universelle à Propos de Ses Lettres Inédites”, Revue des Études Juives, C. 144, S. 1-3, 1985, ss. 127-144.
  • MANDEL, Neville J., “Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908: Part I”, Middle Eastern Studies, C. 10, S. 3, 1974, ss. 312-332.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Materialien zur Statistik des jüdischen Stammes, Konegen, Wien 1887.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Sozialhygiene der Juden und des altorientalischen Völkerkreises, Deutsche Verl.-Anst., Stuttgart 1894.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Agrargesetze der Juden”, Ost und West, C. 4, Nisan 1901, ss. 242-250.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber die Notwendigkeit von Erforschungsarbeiten in Palaestina und seinen Nachbarländern”, Palaestina, S. 1, Ocak 1902, ss. 6-9.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber den Nutzen Einer Theoretischen Vorbereitung der Palaestina-Kolonisation”, Palaestina, S. 3-4, Mart 1902, ss. 104-107.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Leitenden Ideen Der Althebraeischen Verfassung”, Ost und West, C. 12, Aralık 1902, ss. 821-830.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Bilanz der Zionismus, B. Wepf & Co., Basel 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Statistik, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Das Jüdische Kolonisations-Programm, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin: 1904.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Zum Programm des Zionismus”, Die Stimme der Wahrheit: Jahrbuch Wissenschaftlichen, Zionismus, N. Philippi, Würzburg 1905, ss. 9-49.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Jüdische Volksbewegung. E. Grüner, 1906.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Landpolitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Realpoitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG. Alfred, “Jews in Turkey”, The Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 12.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Neue Türkei und Ihre Führer. Otto Hendel, Halle 1916.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ein Deutscher Diplomat”, Deutche Levante-Zeitung, S. 21, 1 Kasım 1918, ss. 627-629.
  • ÖKE, Mim Kemal, Siyonistler ve Masonlar, Çağ Yayınları, İstanbul Çağ Yayınları, 1990.
  • PENSLAR, Derek Jonathan, “Zionism, Colonialism and Technocracy: Otto Warburg and the Commission for the Exploration of Palestine, 1903-7”, Journal of Contemporary History, C. 25, S. 1, 1990, ss. 143-160.
  • PORATH, Yehoshua, The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929, Frank Cass, London 1974.
  • SHAFIR, Gershon, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles 1996.
  • SHAW, Stanford J., The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, Macmillan, London 1991.
  • Stenographisches Protokoll der Verhandlungen des VI. Zionisten-Kongresses in Basel, Erez Israel, Wien 1903.
  • TROEN, S. Ilan, Imagining Zion: Dreams, Designs, and Realities in a Century of Jewish Settlement, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003.
  • WELTMAN, Saadia E., “Germany, Turkey, and the Zionist Movement, 1914-1918”, The Review of Politics, C. 23, S. 2, 1961, ss. 246-269.
  • WOLFFSOHN, David, “The Young Turks And Zionism”, The Times, 10 Mayıs 1911, s. 8.

ALFRED NOSSIG VE OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU: YAHUDİLERİN FİLİSTİN’E YERLEŞİM İDEALİNİN FARKLI BİR HİKAYESİ (1900-1918)

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 15, 837 - 864, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1736643

Abstract

Bu makale, 1900-1918 yılları arasında geç Osmanlı İmparatorluğu bağlamında, Yahudi entelektüel, yazar ve aktivist Alfred Nossig’in siyasal düşüncelerini ve diplomatik girişimlerini incelemektedir. Osmanlı tarih yazımında Yahudi siyasi örgütlenmeleri denince çoğunlukla Siyonist hareket öne çıkmakla birlikte, 19. yüzyılın sonu ve 20. yüzyıl başında Alliance Israélite Universelle, Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden ve B’nai B’rith gibi farklı Yahudi örgütlerinin varlığı, Yahudi aktivizminin heterojen ve çok katmanlı bir karaktere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Siyonizmin, Theodor Herzl’in önderliğinde politik özerklik hedefiyle şekillenen ve Filistin’de doğrudan bir devlet kurmayı amaçlayan ana akımına karşılık, Alfred Nossig daha aşamalı, pragmatik ve ekonomik kalkınmaya dayalı bir Yahudi yerleşimi stratejisi önermiştir. Bu makalede özellikle yazıları ve 1915’teki İstanbul ziyareti gibi diplomatik girişimleri üzerinden, onun Osmanlı Devleti’nin çıkarları ile Yahudi yerleşim hedefleri arasında bir arabulucu rolü üstlenme çabaları analiz edilmektedir. Nossig’in planları, Osmanlı modernleşme hedefleriyle uyumlu ekonomik ve tarımsal kalkınma vizyonuna dayanıyordu. Politik özerklik talepleri yerine, Almanya’nın kolonizasyon modellerinden ilham alan kademeli bir yerleşim stratejisini savunuyor; hukuki ve ekonomik güvenceleri iş birliği yoluyla elde etmeyi amaçlıyordu. Talat Paşa ve Enver Paşa gibi üst düzey Osmanlı yetkililerine ulaşabilmiş olmasına rağmen, Nossig’in çabaları hem Osmanlı yöneticilerinin ihtiyatlı tavrı hem Siyonist çevrelerdeki muhalefet hem de savaş yıllarının jeopolitik istikrarsızlıkları nedeniyle başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmıştı. Nossig’in Die Neue Türkei adlı eseri ve kurucusu olduğu Allgemeine Jüdische Kolonisations-Organisation (AJKO) üzerinden yürütülen bu inceleme, Filistin’e Yahudi yerleşimi idealine dair siyasi çatışmadan ziyade diplomasi, Osmanlı iş birliği ve ekonomik fayda ekseninde şekillenen alternatif bir anlatıyı gün yüzüne çıkarmaktadır. Çalışma, 20. yüzyıl başlarında Yahudi siyasi aktivizminin çok katmanlı doğasını ve Osmanlı’nın Siyonizm ile Yahudi göçüne yönelik tutumuna dair yeni bakış açıları sunmaktadır. Nossig vakası, gerileyen bir imparatorluğun jeopolitik gerçeklikleriyle milliyetçi özlemleri bütünleştirmenin zorluklarını örneklemektedir.

References

  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Bab-ı Ali Evrak Odası, 4370/327700.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye İdare-i Umumiye, 60/6.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye Seyrüsefer Kalemi, 56/47.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye Şifre Kalemi, 85/132, 580/25, 580/168
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti İdare, 17/07
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi, 2334/13, 2439/38, 2636/8.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti Sofya Sefareti, 640/81.
  • Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts (AA/PA)-Berlin, , RZ 201/14131, RZ 201/14132, RZ 201/14135, RZ 201/14142, RZ 201/14144,  RZ 201/14145, RZ 201/20944.
  • “Statistica şi Economia politica, Raport de Dr. Alfred Nossig”, Egalitatea, 7 Eylül 1906, s. 279.
  • “Jewish Charity Alliance”, The Jewish Times, C. 11, S. 24, Kasım 1908, ss. 414-415.
  • “The New Colonization Movement”, Jewish Exponent, 13 Kasım 1908, s. 6.
  • “A. J. K. O.”, Jüdische Rundschau, 30 Kasım 1908, s. 439.
  • Egalitatea, 18 Aralık 1909, s. 296.
  • “Colonizing in Asiatic Turkey”, The Hebrew Standard, 25 Şubat 1910, s. 3.
  • “The Week in London”, The Reform Advocate, 23 Temmuz 1910, s. 1143.
  • “Jewish Settlement in Turkey”, The Reform Advocate, 30 Temmuz 1910, s. 1194.
  • The Hebrew Standard, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 4.
  • “A. Nossig Given Permit to Colonize Land in el Arish”, Canadian Jewish Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 14.
  • “To Colonize El-Arisch: Dr. Nossig’s Society Gets Concessions and Purchases Ten Thousand Acres”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 738.
  • “Osher Ginsberg Criticises Dr. Nossig's Work in Turkey”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 19 Mayıs 1911, s. 63.
  • “Why Nossig Formed a New Organization: Condition in Russia Hopeless, A Simple Colonization Society”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 2 Haziran, 1911, s. 139.
  • L’Aurore, 17 Kasım 1911, s. 2.
  • “Allgemeine Jüdische Kolonisations-Organisation”, Die Judische Emigration, Beilage der “Neue National-Zeitung”, S. 9, Kasım 1913, s. 3.
  • “General Jewish Colonization Association”, B’nai B’rith Messenger, C. 17, S. 441, 5 Aralık 1913, s. 11.
  • “Les Juifs d’Allemagne et l’Armee Ottomane”, L’Aurore, 13 Ağustos 1915, s. 1.
  • “Die Türken und die Juden”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 11 Kasım 1915, s. 4.
  • “Germany: Jewish Military Distinction”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 10 Aralık 1915, s. 136.
  • “Die Jüdisch-Türkischen Beziehungen”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 23 Aralık 1915, s. 3.
  • “Die Osmanisch-Israelitische und die Deutsch-Israelitisch Osmanische Union”, Das Jüdische Echo, 24 Aralık 1915, s. 427.
  • AARONSHON, Ran, Rotschild and Early Jewish Colonization in Palestine, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham 2000.
  • ALMOG, Shmuel, “Alfred Nossig: A Reappraisal”, Studies in Zionism, 4:1(2008), ss. 1-29.
  • BALCI, Sezai & Mustafa Balcıoğlu, Rothschildler ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Erguvanî Yayınevi, Ankara 2017.
  • BENBASSA, Esther, “Zionism at the end of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century”, Studies in Zionism, C. 11, S. 2, 1990, ss. 127-141.
  • CAMPOS, Michelle U, Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2011.
  • ÇİÇEK, M. Talha, War and State Formation in Syria: Cemal Pasha’s Governorate during World War I, 1914-1917, Routledge, London and New York 2014.
  • Denkschrift über die Tätigkeit der Allgemeinen Jüdischen Kolonisations-Organization, Berlin 1911.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, “German Intervention on Behalf of the Yishuv, 1917”, Jewish Social Studies, C. 33, S. 1, 1971, ss. 23-43.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, Germany, Turkey and Zionism 1897-1918. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1998.
  • GEBHARD, Lisa Sophie, Davis Trietsch-Der vergessene Visionär: Zionistische Zukunftsentwürfe zwischen Deutschland, Palästina und den USA, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2022.
  • LOKER, Zvi, “Le Rabbin Juda ben Salomon Hay Alcalay et l'Alliance Israélite Universelle à Propos de Ses Lettres Inédites”, Revue des Études Juives, C. 144, S. 1-3, 1985, ss. 127-144.
  • MANDEL, Neville J., “Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908: Part I”, Middle Eastern Studies, C. 10, S. 3, 1974, ss. 312-332.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Materialien zur Statistik des jüdischen Stammes, Konegen, Wien 1887.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Sozialhygiene der Juden und des altorientalischen Völkerkreises, Deutsche Verl.-Anst., Stuttgart 1894.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Agrargesetze der Juden”, Ost und West, C. 4, Nisan 1901, ss. 242-250.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber die Notwendigkeit von Erforschungsarbeiten in Palaestina und seinen Nachbarländern”, Palaestina, S. 1, Ocak 1902, ss. 6-9.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber den Nutzen Einer Theoretischen Vorbereitung der Palaestina-Kolonisation”, Palaestina, S. 3-4, Mart 1902, ss. 104-107.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Leitenden Ideen Der Althebraeischen Verfassung”, Ost und West, C. 12, Aralık 1902, ss. 821-830.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Bilanz der Zionismus, B. Wepf & Co., Basel 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Statistik, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Das Jüdische Kolonisations-Programm, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin: 1904.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Zum Programm des Zionismus”, Die Stimme der Wahrheit: Jahrbuch Wissenschaftlichen, Zionismus, N. Philippi, Würzburg 1905, ss. 9-49.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Jüdische Volksbewegung. E. Grüner, 1906.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Landpolitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Realpoitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG. Alfred, “Jews in Turkey”, The Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 12.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Neue Türkei und Ihre Führer. Otto Hendel, Halle 1916.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ein Deutscher Diplomat”, Deutche Levante-Zeitung, S. 21, 1 Kasım 1918, ss. 627-629.
  • ÖKE, Mim Kemal, Siyonistler ve Masonlar, Çağ Yayınları, İstanbul Çağ Yayınları, 1990.
  • PENSLAR, Derek Jonathan, “Zionism, Colonialism and Technocracy: Otto Warburg and the Commission for the Exploration of Palestine, 1903-7”, Journal of Contemporary History, C. 25, S. 1, 1990, ss. 143-160.
  • PORATH, Yehoshua, The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929, Frank Cass, London 1974.
  • SHAFIR, Gershon, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles 1996.
  • SHAW, Stanford J., The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, Macmillan, London 1991.
  • Stenographisches Protokoll der Verhandlungen des VI. Zionisten-Kongresses in Basel, Erez Israel, Wien 1903.
  • TROEN, S. Ilan, Imagining Zion: Dreams, Designs, and Realities in a Century of Jewish Settlement, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003.
  • WELTMAN, Saadia E., “Germany, Turkey, and the Zionist Movement, 1914-1918”, The Review of Politics, C. 23, S. 2, 1961, ss. 246-269.
  • WOLFFSOHN, David, “The Young Turks And Zionism”, The Times, 10 Mayıs 1911, s. 8.

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 15, 837 - 864, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1736643

Abstract

References

  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Bab-ı Ali Evrak Odası, 4370/327700.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye İdare-i Umumiye, 60/6.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye Seyrüsefer Kalemi, 56/47.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Dahiliye Şifre Kalemi, 85/132, 580/25, 580/168
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti İdare, 17/07
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi, 2334/13, 2439/38, 2636/8.
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), Hariciye Nezareti Sofya Sefareti, 640/81.
  • Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts (AA/PA)-Berlin, , RZ 201/14131, RZ 201/14132, RZ 201/14135, RZ 201/14142, RZ 201/14144,  RZ 201/14145, RZ 201/20944.
  • “Statistica şi Economia politica, Raport de Dr. Alfred Nossig”, Egalitatea, 7 Eylül 1906, s. 279.
  • “Jewish Charity Alliance”, The Jewish Times, C. 11, S. 24, Kasım 1908, ss. 414-415.
  • “The New Colonization Movement”, Jewish Exponent, 13 Kasım 1908, s. 6.
  • “A. J. K. O.”, Jüdische Rundschau, 30 Kasım 1908, s. 439.
  • Egalitatea, 18 Aralık 1909, s. 296.
  • “Colonizing in Asiatic Turkey”, The Hebrew Standard, 25 Şubat 1910, s. 3.
  • “The Week in London”, The Reform Advocate, 23 Temmuz 1910, s. 1143.
  • “Jewish Settlement in Turkey”, The Reform Advocate, 30 Temmuz 1910, s. 1194.
  • The Hebrew Standard, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 4.
  • “A. Nossig Given Permit to Colonize Land in el Arish”, Canadian Jewish Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 14.
  • “To Colonize El-Arisch: Dr. Nossig’s Society Gets Concessions and Purchases Ten Thousand Acres”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 738.
  • “Osher Ginsberg Criticises Dr. Nossig's Work in Turkey”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 19 Mayıs 1911, s. 63.
  • “Why Nossig Formed a New Organization: Condition in Russia Hopeless, A Simple Colonization Society”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 2 Haziran, 1911, s. 139.
  • L’Aurore, 17 Kasım 1911, s. 2.
  • “Allgemeine Jüdische Kolonisations-Organisation”, Die Judische Emigration, Beilage der “Neue National-Zeitung”, S. 9, Kasım 1913, s. 3.
  • “General Jewish Colonization Association”, B’nai B’rith Messenger, C. 17, S. 441, 5 Aralık 1913, s. 11.
  • “Les Juifs d’Allemagne et l’Armee Ottomane”, L’Aurore, 13 Ağustos 1915, s. 1.
  • “Die Türken und die Juden”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 11 Kasım 1915, s. 4.
  • “Germany: Jewish Military Distinction”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 10 Aralık 1915, s. 136.
  • “Die Jüdisch-Türkischen Beziehungen”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 23 Aralık 1915, s. 3.
  • “Die Osmanisch-Israelitische und die Deutsch-Israelitisch Osmanische Union”, Das Jüdische Echo, 24 Aralık 1915, s. 427.
  • AARONSHON, Ran, Rotschild and Early Jewish Colonization in Palestine, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham 2000.
  • ALMOG, Shmuel, “Alfred Nossig: A Reappraisal”, Studies in Zionism, 4:1(2008), ss. 1-29.
  • BALCI, Sezai & Mustafa Balcıoğlu, Rothschildler ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Erguvanî Yayınevi, Ankara 2017.
  • BENBASSA, Esther, “Zionism at the end of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century”, Studies in Zionism, C. 11, S. 2, 1990, ss. 127-141.
  • CAMPOS, Michelle U, Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2011.
  • ÇİÇEK, M. Talha, War and State Formation in Syria: Cemal Pasha’s Governorate during World War I, 1914-1917, Routledge, London and New York 2014.
  • Denkschrift über die Tätigkeit der Allgemeinen Jüdischen Kolonisations-Organization, Berlin 1911.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, “German Intervention on Behalf of the Yishuv, 1917”, Jewish Social Studies, C. 33, S. 1, 1971, ss. 23-43.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, Germany, Turkey and Zionism 1897-1918. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1998.
  • GEBHARD, Lisa Sophie, Davis Trietsch-Der vergessene Visionär: Zionistische Zukunftsentwürfe zwischen Deutschland, Palästina und den USA, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2022.
  • LOKER, Zvi, “Le Rabbin Juda ben Salomon Hay Alcalay et l'Alliance Israélite Universelle à Propos de Ses Lettres Inédites”, Revue des Études Juives, C. 144, S. 1-3, 1985, ss. 127-144.
  • MANDEL, Neville J., “Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908: Part I”, Middle Eastern Studies, C. 10, S. 3, 1974, ss. 312-332.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Materialien zur Statistik des jüdischen Stammes, Konegen, Wien 1887.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Sozialhygiene der Juden und des altorientalischen Völkerkreises, Deutsche Verl.-Anst., Stuttgart 1894.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Agrargesetze der Juden”, Ost und West, C. 4, Nisan 1901, ss. 242-250.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber die Notwendigkeit von Erforschungsarbeiten in Palaestina und seinen Nachbarländern”, Palaestina, S. 1, Ocak 1902, ss. 6-9.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber den Nutzen Einer Theoretischen Vorbereitung der Palaestina-Kolonisation”, Palaestina, S. 3-4, Mart 1902, ss. 104-107.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Leitenden Ideen Der Althebraeischen Verfassung”, Ost und West, C. 12, Aralık 1902, ss. 821-830.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Bilanz der Zionismus, B. Wepf & Co., Basel 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Statistik, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Das Jüdische Kolonisations-Programm, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin: 1904.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Zum Programm des Zionismus”, Die Stimme der Wahrheit: Jahrbuch Wissenschaftlichen, Zionismus, N. Philippi, Würzburg 1905, ss. 9-49.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Jüdische Volksbewegung. E. Grüner, 1906.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Landpolitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Realpoitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG. Alfred, “Jews in Turkey”, The Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 12.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Neue Türkei und Ihre Führer. Otto Hendel, Halle 1916.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ein Deutscher Diplomat”, Deutche Levante-Zeitung, S. 21, 1 Kasım 1918, ss. 627-629.
  • ÖKE, Mim Kemal, Siyonistler ve Masonlar, Çağ Yayınları, İstanbul Çağ Yayınları, 1990.
  • PENSLAR, Derek Jonathan, “Zionism, Colonialism and Technocracy: Otto Warburg and the Commission for the Exploration of Palestine, 1903-7”, Journal of Contemporary History, C. 25, S. 1, 1990, ss. 143-160.
  • PORATH, Yehoshua, The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929, Frank Cass, London 1974.
  • SHAFIR, Gershon, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles 1996.
  • SHAW, Stanford J., The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, Macmillan, London 1991.
  • Stenographisches Protokoll der Verhandlungen des VI. Zionisten-Kongresses in Basel, Erez Israel, Wien 1903.
  • TROEN, S. Ilan, Imagining Zion: Dreams, Designs, and Realities in a Century of Jewish Settlement, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003.
  • WELTMAN, Saadia E., “Germany, Turkey, and the Zionist Movement, 1914-1918”, The Review of Politics, C. 23, S. 2, 1961, ss. 246-269.
  • WOLFFSOHN, David, “The Young Turks And Zionism”, The Times, 10 Mayıs 1911, s. 8.

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 15, 837 - 864, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1736643

Abstract

References

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  • “A. Nossig Given Permit to Colonize Land in el Arish”, Canadian Jewish Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 14.
  • “To Colonize El-Arisch: Dr. Nossig’s Society Gets Concessions and Purchases Ten Thousand Acres”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 738.
  • “Osher Ginsberg Criticises Dr. Nossig's Work in Turkey”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 19 Mayıs 1911, s. 63.
  • “Why Nossig Formed a New Organization: Condition in Russia Hopeless, A Simple Colonization Society”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 2 Haziran, 1911, s. 139.
  • L’Aurore, 17 Kasım 1911, s. 2.
  • “Allgemeine Jüdische Kolonisations-Organisation”, Die Judische Emigration, Beilage der “Neue National-Zeitung”, S. 9, Kasım 1913, s. 3.
  • “General Jewish Colonization Association”, B’nai B’rith Messenger, C. 17, S. 441, 5 Aralık 1913, s. 11.
  • “Les Juifs d’Allemagne et l’Armee Ottomane”, L’Aurore, 13 Ağustos 1915, s. 1.
  • “Die Türken und die Juden”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 11 Kasım 1915, s. 4.
  • “Germany: Jewish Military Distinction”, The American Hebrew & Jewish Messenger, 10 Aralık 1915, s. 136.
  • “Die Jüdisch-Türkischen Beziehungen”, Jüdische Korrespondenz, 23 Aralık 1915, s. 3.
  • “Die Osmanisch-Israelitische und die Deutsch-Israelitisch Osmanische Union”, Das Jüdische Echo, 24 Aralık 1915, s. 427.
  • AARONSHON, Ran, Rotschild and Early Jewish Colonization in Palestine, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham 2000.
  • ALMOG, Shmuel, “Alfred Nossig: A Reappraisal”, Studies in Zionism, 4:1(2008), ss. 1-29.
  • BALCI, Sezai & Mustafa Balcıoğlu, Rothschildler ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Erguvanî Yayınevi, Ankara 2017.
  • BENBASSA, Esther, “Zionism at the end of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century”, Studies in Zionism, C. 11, S. 2, 1990, ss. 127-141.
  • CAMPOS, Michelle U, Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2011.
  • ÇİÇEK, M. Talha, War and State Formation in Syria: Cemal Pasha’s Governorate during World War I, 1914-1917, Routledge, London and New York 2014.
  • Denkschrift über die Tätigkeit der Allgemeinen Jüdischen Kolonisations-Organization, Berlin 1911.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, “German Intervention on Behalf of the Yishuv, 1917”, Jewish Social Studies, C. 33, S. 1, 1971, ss. 23-43.
  • FRIEDMAN, Isaiah, Germany, Turkey and Zionism 1897-1918. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1998.
  • GEBHARD, Lisa Sophie, Davis Trietsch-Der vergessene Visionär: Zionistische Zukunftsentwürfe zwischen Deutschland, Palästina und den USA, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2022.
  • LOKER, Zvi, “Le Rabbin Juda ben Salomon Hay Alcalay et l'Alliance Israélite Universelle à Propos de Ses Lettres Inédites”, Revue des Études Juives, C. 144, S. 1-3, 1985, ss. 127-144.
  • MANDEL, Neville J., “Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908: Part I”, Middle Eastern Studies, C. 10, S. 3, 1974, ss. 312-332.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Materialien zur Statistik des jüdischen Stammes, Konegen, Wien 1887.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Sozialhygiene der Juden und des altorientalischen Völkerkreises, Deutsche Verl.-Anst., Stuttgart 1894.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Agrargesetze der Juden”, Ost und West, C. 4, Nisan 1901, ss. 242-250.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber die Notwendigkeit von Erforschungsarbeiten in Palaestina und seinen Nachbarländern”, Palaestina, S. 1, Ocak 1902, ss. 6-9.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ueber den Nutzen Einer Theoretischen Vorbereitung der Palaestina-Kolonisation”, Palaestina, S. 3-4, Mart 1902, ss. 104-107.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Die Leitenden Ideen Der Althebraeischen Verfassung”, Ost und West, C. 12, Aralık 1902, ss. 821-830.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Bilanz der Zionismus, B. Wepf & Co., Basel 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Statistik, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin 1903.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Das Jüdische Kolonisations-Programm, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin: 1904.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Zum Programm des Zionismus”, Die Stimme der Wahrheit: Jahrbuch Wissenschaftlichen, Zionismus, N. Philippi, Würzburg 1905, ss. 9-49.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Jüdische Volksbewegung. E. Grüner, 1906.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Landpolitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Jüdische Realpoitik. Berlin: Jüdischen Rundschau, 1907.
  • NOSSIG. Alfred, “Jews in Turkey”, The Times, 21 Nisan 1911, s. 12.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, Die Neue Türkei und Ihre Führer. Otto Hendel, Halle 1916.
  • NOSSIG, Alfred, “Ein Deutscher Diplomat”, Deutche Levante-Zeitung, S. 21, 1 Kasım 1918, ss. 627-629.
  • ÖKE, Mim Kemal, Siyonistler ve Masonlar, Çağ Yayınları, İstanbul Çağ Yayınları, 1990.
  • PENSLAR, Derek Jonathan, “Zionism, Colonialism and Technocracy: Otto Warburg and the Commission for the Exploration of Palestine, 1903-7”, Journal of Contemporary History, C. 25, S. 1, 1990, ss. 143-160.
  • PORATH, Yehoshua, The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929, Frank Cass, London 1974.
  • SHAFIR, Gershon, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles 1996.
  • SHAW, Stanford J., The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, Macmillan, London 1991.
  • Stenographisches Protokoll der Verhandlungen des VI. Zionisten-Kongresses in Basel, Erez Israel, Wien 1903.
  • TROEN, S. Ilan, Imagining Zion: Dreams, Designs, and Realities in a Century of Jewish Settlement, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003.
  • WELTMAN, Saadia E., “Germany, Turkey, and the Zionist Movement, 1914-1918”, The Review of Politics, C. 23, S. 2, 1961, ss. 246-269.
  • WOLFFSOHN, David, “The Young Turks And Zionism”, The Times, 10 Mayıs 1911, s. 8.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Late Modern Ottoman History, Late Modern History (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yalçın Murgul 0000-0002-5480-064X

Publication Date September 29, 2025
Submission Date July 7, 2025
Acceptance Date September 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 15

Cite

Chicago Murgul, Yalçın. “ALFRED NOSSIG VE OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU: YAHUDİLERİN FİLİSTİN’E YERLEŞİM İDEALİNİN FARKLI BİR HİKAYESİ (1900-1918)”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, no. 15 (September 2025): 837-64. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1736643.