Effect of IL-34 on Macrophage Polarization

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 46 - 57, 29.09.2025

Meral Sarper , Resul Karakuş

https://doi.org/10.59124/guhes.1648625

Abstract

A cytokine recently found to play a role in monocyte survival has been termed interleukin 34 (IL-34). This cytokine plays a significant role in various physiological processes, including the regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression, differentiation of immune cells, and cell proliferation. In pathological conditions, IL-34 may mirror the pathophysiology of the disease involved, and simultaneously promote the growth and survival of myeloid cells, thereby maintaining homeostasis in the body. Increased levels of IL-34 have been shown in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. However, some studies reported that decreased levels IL-34 can be associated with several conditions such as neurological diseases.IL-34 macrophage phenotype is controlled with an immunosuppressive activity. Macrophages are heterogeneous both in function and phenotype. Depending on its biological characteristics and activity on macrophage polarization, IL-34 has been believed to have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of some diseases. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of IL-34 on macrophage polarization.

Keywords

CSF-1R , IL-34 , immunotherapy , macrophage , macrophage polarization

Ethical Statement

There is no need to obtain ethics committee permission for this review article. However, the study was conducted in accordance with ethical principles.

Supporting Institution

This study did not receive any financial support.

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