Research Article

DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST

Volume: 11 Number: 2 December 31, 2025
TR EN

DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST

Abstract

The mean reversion approach in stock prices refers to the tendency of prices to return to their average over a certain period. This concept assumes that price fluctuations deviate temporarily from the mean and eventually revert to it. At this point, investors can take advantage of market fluctuations and explore alternative opportunities by identifying stocks that exhibit mean reversion behaviour. Mean reversion implies that past stock prices can be used to predict future price movements. Conversely, when prices do not revert to the mean, it suggests that shocks have permanent effects; therefore, past prices are insufficient for forecasting the future, and long-term market volatility may increase. In this context, the present study examines the mean reversion behaviour of sustainability-themed stock indices in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). Sustainability indices include companies that consider Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) criteria and offer investors the opportunity to invest in firms that adopt these principles. For this purpose, the mean reversion tendency of the BIST Sustainability Index (XUSRD) and the BIST Sustainability 25 Index (XSD25) was investigated using daily data covering the period from November 22, 2022, to August 15, 2025. To test the mean reversion of prices, the study employs the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Kwiatkowski et al. (KPSS) (1992), Christopoulos and León-Ledesma (2010) Fourier ADF, Becker et al. (2006) Fourier KPSS (FKPSS), and Christopoulos and León-Ledesma (2011) Fractional Frequency Fourier ADF (FFFADF) tests. According to the test results, both stock indices contain a unit root at their level values. In other words, the indices do not exhibit mean reversion behaviour. These findings indicate that the future prices of the BIST XUSRD and XSD25 indices cannot be predicted based on past price movements and that price volatility may persist in the long term. Considering these results, it is recommended that investors in BIST sustainability indices focus on fundamental analysis and long-term strategies rather than price-based forecasting methods. Moreover, since prices do not exhibit mean reversion, investors should effectively utilize risk management tools.

Keywords

References

  1. Ayaydın, H., Çam, A.V., Barut A. & Pala, F. (2018). Harvey doğrusallık testi ile BİST piyasa etkinliğinin analizi. Turan Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi, 10(40), 547-553.
  2. Becker, R., Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2006). A stationarity test in the presence of an unknown number of smooth breaks. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.2006.00478.x
  3. Borsa İstanbul (2025). BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Pay Endeksleri. [Çevrim-içi: https://www.borsaistanbul.com/surdurulebilirlik/bist-surdurulebilirlik-pay-endeksleri], Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2025
  4. Christopoulos, D. K. & Leon-Ledesma, M. A. (2011). International output convergence, breaks, and asymmetric adjustment. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 15(3), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.2202/1558-3708.1823
  5. Christopoulos, D. K., & León-Ledesma, M. A. (2010). Smooth breaks and non-linear mean reversion: Post-Bretton Woods real exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1076-1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2010.02.003
  6. Cunado, J., Gil-Alana, L. A., & de Gracia, F. P. (2010). Mean reversion in stock market prices: New evidence based on bull and bear markets. Research in International Business and Finance, 24(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2009.10.001
  7. Çelik, T. T., & Taş, O. (2009). Etkin piyasa hipotezi ve gelişmekte olan hisse senedi piyasaları. İTÜ Dergisi, 4(2), 11-22.
  8. Çevi̇k, E. İ. (2018). Borsa İstanbul zayıf formda etkin mi? Markov-Switching ADF testi yaklaşımı. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 12(2), 9-30.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Finance

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

October 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 8, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 2

APA
Şeyranlıoğlu, O., Sözen, Ç., Çilek, A., & Han, A. (2025). DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1808232
AMA
1.Şeyranlıoğlu O, Sözen Ç, Çilek A, Han A. DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST. JEAS. 2025;11(2):165-181. doi:10.46849/guiibd.1808232
Chicago
Şeyranlıoğlu, Onur, Çağlar Sözen, Arif Çilek, and Ayşegül Han. 2025. “DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST”. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 11 (2): 165-81. https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1808232.
EndNote
Şeyranlıoğlu O, Sözen Ç, Çilek A, Han A (December 1, 2025) DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 11 2 165–181.
IEEE
[1]O. Şeyranlıoğlu, Ç. Sözen, A. Çilek, and A. Han, “DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST”, JEAS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 165–181, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.46849/guiibd.1808232.
ISNAD
Şeyranlıoğlu, Onur - Sözen, Çağlar - Çilek, Arif - Han, Ayşegül. “DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST”. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 11/2 (December 1, 2025): 165-181. https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1808232.
JAMA
1.Şeyranlıoğlu O, Sözen Ç, Çilek A, Han A. DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST. JEAS. 2025;11:165–181.
MLA
Şeyranlıoğlu, Onur, et al. “DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST”. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 165-81, doi:10.46849/guiibd.1808232.
Vancouver
1.Onur Şeyranlıoğlu, Çağlar Sözen, Arif Çilek, Ayşegül Han. DO BIST SUSTAINABILITY STOCK INDEXES EXHIBIT MEAN-REVERSION BEHAVIOR? FINDINGS FROM THE FOURIER-BASED TEST. JEAS. 2025 Dec. 1;11(2):165-81. doi:10.46849/guiibd.1808232
  • Giresun University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences