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AFRİKA’NIN BÜYÜK YEŞİL DUVAR PROJESİNİN İKLİM VE SU POLİTİKALARI BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 47 - 68, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1128609

Abstract

İklim değişiklikleri son yıllarda, özellikle ağır hasar yaratan meteorolojik olaylar, yaz aylarında aşırı ısı artışları ile yaşanan ölümler, yangınlar, tarım ürünlerindeki azalma, verimsizleşme ve su sorunları gibi etkileri neticesinde dünya genelinde daha fazla küresel tehdit olarak kabul edilmeye başlamıştır. İklim değişiklerinin etkileri bütün dünyada görülürken, bu süreçten Afrika daha fazla etkilenmiştir. Afrika’da iç savaşların önemli nedenleri arasında temiz suya ulaşım sorunları gelmektedir. İşsizliği, savaşları, hastalıkları, susuzluk ve kuraklığı getiren iklim koşulları Afrika’dan dünyanın diğer bölgelerine büyük kitlesel göç dalgalarını tetiklemektedir. Afrika’nın en yoğun düzensiz göç veren Sahel Bölgesi çatışma, kuraklık, çölleşme ve aşırı yoksulluğun yaşandığı ülkeleri içine alan bir alandır. Mevcut koşullar böyle devam ederse bu göçler, dünya genelinde gelişmiş ülkelerin yaşam kalitesini oldukça etkileyecektir. Halen bu durum yaşanmakla birlikte yakın gelecekte bu sorunların katlanacağı öngörülmektedir. Afrika Birliği tarafından 2007 yılında Büyük Afrika Yeşil duvarı projesi başlatılmıştır. Bu proje Sahra çölünü ağaçlandırarak, tarıma, yaşama ve istihdama verimli hale getirme projesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Afrika Büyük Yeşil Duvarının en önemli etkileri, iklim ve su politikalarına bağlı sürdürülebilir gelecek ile birlikte kadın istihdamı, yöre halkları için yaşam alanlarına sahip çıkma ve aidiyet duygularını güçlendirmesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı küresel ölçekte iklim ve su sorunlarının çözümünde uluslararası büyük çaplı yeniden ormanlaştırma projelerine dikkat çekmektir. Bu yaklaşımla Büyük Afrika Yeşil Duvarı Projesi literatür taraması yöntemi ile incelenmektedir.

References

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  • Algan, N. (2008b). Uluslararası politika bağlamında suya erişim sorunu, Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi, 23(2), 82-86.
  • Bakker, K. (2012). Water security: research challenges and opportunities. Science, 337(6097), 914-915.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Türkiye (2022). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları, (Erişim: 7.6.2022), https://turkiye.un.org/tr/sdgs. Bostancı, S. H., & Yıldırım, S. (2021). Sustainable Communities vs. Climate Refugees: Two Opposite Results of Climate Change. In Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 298-319). IGI Global.
  • Bostancı, S. H., & Yıldırım, S. (2022). The Role of Municipalities in Achieving Water Security: The Case of Turkey. In Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization (pp. 268-286). IGI Global.
  • Cerit Mazlum, S. (2009). Bir sosyal politika sorunu olarak küresel iklim değişikliği ve yerel yönetim politikaları. Kamu’da Sosyal Politika, 3(9), 51-54.
  • Chambers, J. (2021). 8 Billion Trees Reforestation & Carbon Offset Projects, (Erişim: 11.6.2022), https://8billiontrees.com/planting-projects/.
  • Chomsky, N., Pollin, R., & Polychroniou, C. J. (2020). Climate crisis and the global green new deal: The political economy of saving the planet. Verso.
  • Clement, V., Rigaud, K. K., de Sherbinin, A., Jones, B., Adamo, S., Schewe, J., Sadiq, N. & Shabahat, E. (2021). Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate Migration. World Bank, Washington DC.
  • Duboz, P., Boëtsch, G., Guissé, A., Goffner, D., Peiry, J. L., Sarr, P., & Macia, E. (2019). Reforestation and the state of health of populations in Tessekere, Senegal. Regional Environmental Change, 19(6), 1643-1651.
  • Eden Reforestation Projects (2022). Our Work, (Erişim: 8.6.2022), https://www.edenprojects.org/our-work.
  • Elagib, N. A., Khalifa, M., Babker, Z., Musa, A. A., & Fink, A. H. (2021). Demarcating the rainfed unproductive zones in the African Sahel and Great Green Wall regions. Land Degradation & Development, 32(3), 1400-1411.
  • Ertekin, B. A. (2020). Uluslararası sistemde ülkelerin elle tutulamayan rakip ile mücadelesi: Uluslararası güvenlik açısından küresel ısınma problemi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(76), 1879-1904.
  • FAO Türkiye (2017). Türkiye Afrika'nın Büyük Yeşil Duvar'ına 3 milyon ABD Doları katkıda bulundu, (Erişim: 6.6.2022), https://www.fao.org/turkey/news/detail-news/tr/c/1366966/.
  • Ferrer, M. (2020). Afrika Büyük Yeşil Duvarı: Bu Dünyanın bir sonraki Harikası mı? (Erişim: 15.6.2022), https://www.dunyabulteni.net/afrika/afrika-buyuk-yesil-duvari-bu-dunyanin-bir-sonraki-harikasi-mi-h474111.html.
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  • Gadzama, N. M. (2017). Attenuation of the effects of desertification through sustainable development of Great Green Wall in the Sahel of Africa. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development.
  • Gravesen, M. L., & Funder, M. (2022). The Great Green Wall of trees across the African continent. DIIS WORKING PAPER 2022: 02, DIIS · Danish Institute for International Studies, Denmark.
  • Goffner, D., Sinare, H., & Gordon, L. J. (2019). The Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative as an opportunity to enhance resilience in Sahelian landscapes and livelihoods. Regional Environmental Change, 19(5), 1417-1428.
  • Jacob, K., King, P., Mangalagiu, D., Zdruli, P., Helming, K., Onwuemele, A., & Zamani, L. (2019). Land and Soil Policy-Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6): Healthy Planet, Healthy People Chapter 15. Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6): Healthy Planet, Healthy People.
  • Jiang, H. (2016). “Taking down the “Great Green Wall”: the science and policy discourse of desertification and its control in China,” in The End of Desertification?, eds R. Behnke and M. Mortimore (Berlin: Springer Earth System Sciences), 513–536.
  • Karakılçık, Y. (2011). Küresel aktörlerin su stratejileri ve “bölgesel su birliği” gerekliliği: AVSUBİR. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 2(1), 74-90.
  • Kumar, C. P. (2012). Climate change and its impact on groundwater resources. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(5), 43-60.
  • Leichenko, R., & O'Brien, K. (2019). Climate and society: Transforming the future. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Mirzabaev, A., Sacande, M., Motlagh, F., Shyrokaya, A., & Martucci, A. (2022). Economic efficiency and targeting of the African Great Green Wall. Nature Sustainability, 5(1), 17-25.
  • Moumen, Z., El Idrissi, N. E. A., Tvaronavičienė, M., & Lahrach, A. (2019). Water security and sustainable development. Insights into Regional Development, 1(4), 301-317.
  • O’Connor, D., & Ford, J. (2014). Increasing the effectiveness of the “Great Green Wall” as an adaptation to the effects of climate change and desertification in the Sahel. Sustainability, 6(10), 7142-7154.
  • Önal, B. & Oumar, M. H. (2021). Policies and Security Strategies of G5 Sahel States against Terrorism. International Journal of Politics and Security, 3(3), 203-229.
  • Peng, Y., Fu, B., Zhang, L., Yu, X., Fu, C., Diop, S., Hirwa, H., Guisse, A. & Li, F. (2020). Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme (G-DEP): Africa consultative meeting report. Journal of Arid Land, 12(3), 538-544.
  • Perçin, D. (2017). Paris Zirvesi’nden Bonn Zirvesi’ne Küresel İklim Zirveleri, (Erişim: 8.6.2022), http://jusgentiumint.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/06/bonn-zirvesi.pdf.
  • Perch-Nielsen, S., Bättig, M., & Imboden, D. (2008). Exploring the link between climate change and migration. Climatic Change, 91(3), 375-393.
  • Sacande, M., & Muir, G. (2022). Restoring Sahelian landscapes with people and plants: insights from large‐scale interventions. Restoration Ecology, e13656.
  • Sacande, M., Parfondry, M., Cicatiello, C., Scarascia-Mugnozza, G., Garba, A., Olorunfemi, P. S., Diagne, M. & Martucci, A. (2021). Socio-economic impacts derived from large scale restoration in three Great Green Wall countries. Journal of Rural Studies, 87, 160-168.
  • Saley, I. A., Salack, S., Sanda, I. S., Moussa, M. S., Bonkaney, A. L., Ly, M., & Fodé, M. (2019). The possible role of the Sahel Greenbelt on the occurrence of climate extremes over the West African Sahel. Atmospheric Science Letters, 20(8), e927.
  • Sancar, O., & Bostancı, S. H. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde karbon emisyonu üzerine bir tartışma. Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences, 269-292.
  • Taylor, R. G., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., ... & Treidel, H. (2013). Ground water and climate change. Nature Climate Change, 3(4), 322-329.
  • The World Bank (2017). Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Program, (Erişim: 19.6.2022), https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/973501518153667496/pdf/123339-WP-PUBLIC-ASPPprogramnote.pdf.
  • Thioye, B., Sanguin, H., Kane, A., De Faria, S. M., Fall, D., Prin, Y., Sanogof, D., Ndiayea, C., Duponnois, R., Syllaa, S. N. & Bâ, A. M. (2019). Impact of mycorrhiza-based inoculation strategies on Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. and its native mycorrhizal communities on the route of the Great Green Wall (Senegal). Ecological Engineering, 128, 66-76.
  • Thuiller, W. (2007). Climate change and the ecologist. Nature, 448(7153), 550-552.
  • Topçu, F. H. (2018). Düşük karbon ekonomisine geçme (me): İklim değişikliği ve enerji politikaları bağlamında bir bakış. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 18(2018 Özel Sayısı), 115-154.
  • Turner, M. D., Carney, T., Lawler, L., Reynolds, J., Kelly, L., Teague, M. S., & Brottem, L. (2021). Environmental rehabilitation and the vulnerability of the poor: The case of the Great Green Wall. Land Use Policy, 111, 105750. Yılmaz, Y. (2022). Küresel iklim değişikliği ve çölleşme ile mücadelede sürdürülebilir ve ekolojik bir adım: Afrika yeşil duvar projesi, UCEK 2021.
  • Urry, J. (2015). Climate change and society. In Why the social sciences matter (pp. 45-59). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • UN Convention to Combat Desertification (2022). Our Work & Impact, (Erişim: 18.6.2022), https://www.unccd.int/our-work/overview.
  • Wade, T. I., Ndiaye, O., Mauclaire, M., Mbaye, B., Sagna, M., Guissé, A., & Goffner, D. (2018). Biodiversity field trials to inform reforestation and natural resource management strategies along the African Great Green Wall in Senegal. New Forests, 49(3), 341-362.
  • Ward, J. K., Myers, D. A., & Thomas, R. B. (2008). Physiological and growth responses of C3 and C4 plants to reduced temperature when grown at low CO2 of the last ice age. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(11), 1388-1395.
  • Wilson, R. C. L., Drury, S. A., Chapman, J. L., & Chapman, J. A. (2000). The great ice age: climate change and life. Psychology Press.
  • Wu, S., Gao, X., Lei, J., Zhou, N., & Wang, Y. (2020). Spatial and temporal changes in the normalized difference vegetation index and their driving factors in the desert/grassland biome transition zone of the Sahel region of Africa. Remote Sensing, 12(24), 4119.
  • Wu, S., Gao, X., Lei, J., Zhou, N., Guo, Z., & Shang, B. (2022). Ecological environment quality evaluation of the Sahel region in Africa based on remote sensing ecological index. Journal of Arid Land, 14(1), 14-33.
  • Zhou, S., Yin, Y., Xu, W., Ji, Z., Caldwell, I., & Ren, J. (2007). The costs and benefits of reforestation in Liping County, Guizhou Province, China. Journal of environmental management, 85(3), 722-735.

Analysis of Africa's Great Green Wall Project in the Context of Climate and Water Policies

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 47 - 68, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1128609

Abstract

Climate changes nowadays have begun to be accepted as a global threat, with effects such as meteorological events that cause severe damage, deaths due to excessive heat increases in summer, fires, and decrease in agricultural products, inefficiency, and water problems. While the effects of climate change are seen all over the world, Africa has been more affected by this process. Access to clean water is among the important causes of civil wars in Africa. Climatic conditions that bring unemployment, wars, diseases, thirst, and drought trigger large waves of mass migration from Africa. The African Sahel Region where Africa's largest irregular migrant is an area that includes the countries where drought, conflict, desertification, and where extreme poverty is experienced. If the current conditions continue like this, it is seen that these migrations will also affect the quality of life of developed countries. Although this situation is still experienced, it is predicted that these problems will increase in the short term. The Great African Green wall project was initiated by the African Union in 2007. This project can be defined as a project of making the Sahara Desert productive for agriculture, living and employment by afforestation. The most important effects of the Great Green Wall of Africa, together with sustainable effects of climate and water policies, are women's employment, protecting of their living spaces for the peoples of the region and strengthening their sense of belonging. This study aims to draw attention to international reforestation projects in the solution of climate and water problems on a global scale, by reviewing the literature in terms of the Great African Green Wall Project.

References

  • Algan, N. (2008a). İklim etiği. Mülkiye Dergisi, 32(259), 191-204.
  • Algan, N. (2008b). Uluslararası politika bağlamında suya erişim sorunu, Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi, 23(2), 82-86.
  • Bakker, K. (2012). Water security: research challenges and opportunities. Science, 337(6097), 914-915.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Türkiye (2022). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları, (Erişim: 7.6.2022), https://turkiye.un.org/tr/sdgs. Bostancı, S. H., & Yıldırım, S. (2021). Sustainable Communities vs. Climate Refugees: Two Opposite Results of Climate Change. In Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 298-319). IGI Global.
  • Bostancı, S. H., & Yıldırım, S. (2022). The Role of Municipalities in Achieving Water Security: The Case of Turkey. In Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization (pp. 268-286). IGI Global.
  • Cerit Mazlum, S. (2009). Bir sosyal politika sorunu olarak küresel iklim değişikliği ve yerel yönetim politikaları. Kamu’da Sosyal Politika, 3(9), 51-54.
  • Chambers, J. (2021). 8 Billion Trees Reforestation & Carbon Offset Projects, (Erişim: 11.6.2022), https://8billiontrees.com/planting-projects/.
  • Chomsky, N., Pollin, R., & Polychroniou, C. J. (2020). Climate crisis and the global green new deal: The political economy of saving the planet. Verso.
  • Clement, V., Rigaud, K. K., de Sherbinin, A., Jones, B., Adamo, S., Schewe, J., Sadiq, N. & Shabahat, E. (2021). Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate Migration. World Bank, Washington DC.
  • Duboz, P., Boëtsch, G., Guissé, A., Goffner, D., Peiry, J. L., Sarr, P., & Macia, E. (2019). Reforestation and the state of health of populations in Tessekere, Senegal. Regional Environmental Change, 19(6), 1643-1651.
  • Eden Reforestation Projects (2022). Our Work, (Erişim: 8.6.2022), https://www.edenprojects.org/our-work.
  • Elagib, N. A., Khalifa, M., Babker, Z., Musa, A. A., & Fink, A. H. (2021). Demarcating the rainfed unproductive zones in the African Sahel and Great Green Wall regions. Land Degradation & Development, 32(3), 1400-1411.
  • Ertekin, B. A. (2020). Uluslararası sistemde ülkelerin elle tutulamayan rakip ile mücadelesi: Uluslararası güvenlik açısından küresel ısınma problemi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(76), 1879-1904.
  • FAO Türkiye (2017). Türkiye Afrika'nın Büyük Yeşil Duvar'ına 3 milyon ABD Doları katkıda bulundu, (Erişim: 6.6.2022), https://www.fao.org/turkey/news/detail-news/tr/c/1366966/.
  • Ferrer, M. (2020). Afrika Büyük Yeşil Duvarı: Bu Dünyanın bir sonraki Harikası mı? (Erişim: 15.6.2022), https://www.dunyabulteni.net/afrika/afrika-buyuk-yesil-duvari-bu-dunyanin-bir-sonraki-harikasi-mi-h474111.html.
  • Foundation for Climate Restoration, (2022). Forest Carbon Practices, (Erişim: 15.6.2022), https://foundationforclimaterestoration.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20220507_f4cr_solutions-series_whitepaper_forestry.pdf.
  • Gadzama, N. M. (2017). Attenuation of the effects of desertification through sustainable development of Great Green Wall in the Sahel of Africa. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development.
  • Gravesen, M. L., & Funder, M. (2022). The Great Green Wall of trees across the African continent. DIIS WORKING PAPER 2022: 02, DIIS · Danish Institute for International Studies, Denmark.
  • Goffner, D., Sinare, H., & Gordon, L. J. (2019). The Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative as an opportunity to enhance resilience in Sahelian landscapes and livelihoods. Regional Environmental Change, 19(5), 1417-1428.
  • Jacob, K., King, P., Mangalagiu, D., Zdruli, P., Helming, K., Onwuemele, A., & Zamani, L. (2019). Land and Soil Policy-Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6): Healthy Planet, Healthy People Chapter 15. Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6): Healthy Planet, Healthy People.
  • Jiang, H. (2016). “Taking down the “Great Green Wall”: the science and policy discourse of desertification and its control in China,” in The End of Desertification?, eds R. Behnke and M. Mortimore (Berlin: Springer Earth System Sciences), 513–536.
  • Karakılçık, Y. (2011). Küresel aktörlerin su stratejileri ve “bölgesel su birliği” gerekliliği: AVSUBİR. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 2(1), 74-90.
  • Kumar, C. P. (2012). Climate change and its impact on groundwater resources. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(5), 43-60.
  • Leichenko, R., & O'Brien, K. (2019). Climate and society: Transforming the future. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Mirzabaev, A., Sacande, M., Motlagh, F., Shyrokaya, A., & Martucci, A. (2022). Economic efficiency and targeting of the African Great Green Wall. Nature Sustainability, 5(1), 17-25.
  • Moumen, Z., El Idrissi, N. E. A., Tvaronavičienė, M., & Lahrach, A. (2019). Water security and sustainable development. Insights into Regional Development, 1(4), 301-317.
  • O’Connor, D., & Ford, J. (2014). Increasing the effectiveness of the “Great Green Wall” as an adaptation to the effects of climate change and desertification in the Sahel. Sustainability, 6(10), 7142-7154.
  • Önal, B. & Oumar, M. H. (2021). Policies and Security Strategies of G5 Sahel States against Terrorism. International Journal of Politics and Security, 3(3), 203-229.
  • Peng, Y., Fu, B., Zhang, L., Yu, X., Fu, C., Diop, S., Hirwa, H., Guisse, A. & Li, F. (2020). Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme (G-DEP): Africa consultative meeting report. Journal of Arid Land, 12(3), 538-544.
  • Perçin, D. (2017). Paris Zirvesi’nden Bonn Zirvesi’ne Küresel İklim Zirveleri, (Erişim: 8.6.2022), http://jusgentiumint.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/06/bonn-zirvesi.pdf.
  • Perch-Nielsen, S., Bättig, M., & Imboden, D. (2008). Exploring the link between climate change and migration. Climatic Change, 91(3), 375-393.
  • Sacande, M., & Muir, G. (2022). Restoring Sahelian landscapes with people and plants: insights from large‐scale interventions. Restoration Ecology, e13656.
  • Sacande, M., Parfondry, M., Cicatiello, C., Scarascia-Mugnozza, G., Garba, A., Olorunfemi, P. S., Diagne, M. & Martucci, A. (2021). Socio-economic impacts derived from large scale restoration in three Great Green Wall countries. Journal of Rural Studies, 87, 160-168.
  • Saley, I. A., Salack, S., Sanda, I. S., Moussa, M. S., Bonkaney, A. L., Ly, M., & Fodé, M. (2019). The possible role of the Sahel Greenbelt on the occurrence of climate extremes over the West African Sahel. Atmospheric Science Letters, 20(8), e927.
  • Sancar, O., & Bostancı, S. H. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde karbon emisyonu üzerine bir tartışma. Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences, 269-292.
  • Taylor, R. G., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., ... & Treidel, H. (2013). Ground water and climate change. Nature Climate Change, 3(4), 322-329.
  • The World Bank (2017). Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Program, (Erişim: 19.6.2022), https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/973501518153667496/pdf/123339-WP-PUBLIC-ASPPprogramnote.pdf.
  • Thioye, B., Sanguin, H., Kane, A., De Faria, S. M., Fall, D., Prin, Y., Sanogof, D., Ndiayea, C., Duponnois, R., Syllaa, S. N. & Bâ, A. M. (2019). Impact of mycorrhiza-based inoculation strategies on Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. and its native mycorrhizal communities on the route of the Great Green Wall (Senegal). Ecological Engineering, 128, 66-76.
  • Thuiller, W. (2007). Climate change and the ecologist. Nature, 448(7153), 550-552.
  • Topçu, F. H. (2018). Düşük karbon ekonomisine geçme (me): İklim değişikliği ve enerji politikaları bağlamında bir bakış. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 18(2018 Özel Sayısı), 115-154.
  • Turner, M. D., Carney, T., Lawler, L., Reynolds, J., Kelly, L., Teague, M. S., & Brottem, L. (2021). Environmental rehabilitation and the vulnerability of the poor: The case of the Great Green Wall. Land Use Policy, 111, 105750. Yılmaz, Y. (2022). Küresel iklim değişikliği ve çölleşme ile mücadelede sürdürülebilir ve ekolojik bir adım: Afrika yeşil duvar projesi, UCEK 2021.
  • Urry, J. (2015). Climate change and society. In Why the social sciences matter (pp. 45-59). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • UN Convention to Combat Desertification (2022). Our Work & Impact, (Erişim: 18.6.2022), https://www.unccd.int/our-work/overview.
  • Wade, T. I., Ndiaye, O., Mauclaire, M., Mbaye, B., Sagna, M., Guissé, A., & Goffner, D. (2018). Biodiversity field trials to inform reforestation and natural resource management strategies along the African Great Green Wall in Senegal. New Forests, 49(3), 341-362.
  • Ward, J. K., Myers, D. A., & Thomas, R. B. (2008). Physiological and growth responses of C3 and C4 plants to reduced temperature when grown at low CO2 of the last ice age. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(11), 1388-1395.
  • Wilson, R. C. L., Drury, S. A., Chapman, J. L., & Chapman, J. A. (2000). The great ice age: climate change and life. Psychology Press.
  • Wu, S., Gao, X., Lei, J., Zhou, N., & Wang, Y. (2020). Spatial and temporal changes in the normalized difference vegetation index and their driving factors in the desert/grassland biome transition zone of the Sahel region of Africa. Remote Sensing, 12(24), 4119.
  • Wu, S., Gao, X., Lei, J., Zhou, N., Guo, Z., & Shang, B. (2022). Ecological environment quality evaluation of the Sahel region in Africa based on remote sensing ecological index. Journal of Arid Land, 14(1), 14-33.
  • Zhou, S., Yin, Y., Xu, W., Ji, Z., Caldwell, I., & Ren, J. (2007). The costs and benefits of reforestation in Liping County, Guizhou Province, China. Journal of environmental management, 85(3), 722-735.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environment and Culture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seda Bostancı 0000-0002-3559-2224

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date June 9, 2022
Acceptance Date June 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bostancı, S. (2022). AFRİKA’NIN BÜYÜK YEŞİL DUVAR PROJESİNİN İKLİM VE SU POLİTİKALARI BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 47-68. https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1128609
  • Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences