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EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL

Year 2005, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 81 - 91, 17.08.2010

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Converting waste cooking oils from restaurants and households to fatty acid esters for use as an alternative diesel fuel has important advantages for human health and environmental standpoints. So far, only very small percentage of these oils have been collected and used for soap production in Turkey. Using waste cooking oils in diesel engines without any modification necessities the fuel properties must be similar with those of petroleum diesel fuel. This requires a chemical process to be meeting the diesel fuel’s properties. In converting process, the method commonly used is transesterification. The transesterification reaction of waste cooking oils is affected by free fatty acids and water content of oils and fats, chemical structure of alcohol, type of catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time. In this paper, utilization of fatty acid esters of waste cooking oils is discussed as an alternative diesel fuel.

References

  • Fangrui, M. and Milford, A. H. “Biodiesel production: a review”, Bioresource Technology, 70: 1-15 (1999).
  • Kann, J., Rang, H., and Kriis, J. “Advances in biodiesel fuel research”, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 51 (2):75117 (2002).
  • Kinast, A.J., “Production of biodiesels from multiple feedstocks and properties of biodiesels and biodiesel /diesel blends”, NREL Report, Des Plaines, 1-47 (2001).
  • Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J. M., Gomez, J. and Lopez Gimenez, F.J. “Testing waste olive methyl ester as a fuel in a diesel engine”, Energy and Fuels, 17: 1560-1565 (2003).
  • Murayama, T., Fujiwara, Y. and Noto, T. “Evaluating waste vegetable oils as a diesel fuel”, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., Part D, 214: 141-148 (2000).
  • Yu, C.W., Bari, S. and Ameen, A. “A Comparison of combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil with diesel as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine”, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., Part D, 216: 237-243 (2002).
  • Graboski, M. S. and McCormick, R.L. “Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines”. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 24:125-164 (1998).
  • Fukuda H., Kondo A., and Noda H. “Review biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils”, Journal of Biosci. and Bioeng., 92(5): 405-416 (2001).
  • Mike Pelly, February, Countryside and small stock journal, 85 (1): 32-37 (2001).
  • Knothe, G., Dunn, R. and Bagby, M. “Biodiesel: The use of vegetable oils and their derivatives as alternative diesel fuels”, In ACS Symp. Ser. No. 666: Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, 172-208 (1997).
  • Leung, Dennis Y.C. Development of a clean biodiesel fuel in Hong Kong using recycled oil, Kluwer Acad. Pub., 130: 277-282 (2001).
  • Zhang, Y., Dubé, M.A., McLean, D.D. and Kates, M. Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: 1. Process Design and Technological Assessment Biosource Technology, Vol. 89, Pages: 1-16 (2003).
  • Reed, T. B., Graboski, M.S. and Gaur, S. “Development and commercialization of oxygenated diesel fuels from waste vegetable oils”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 3(2): 111-115 (1992).
  • Encinar, J.M., Gonzalez, J. F., Rodriguez, J. J. and Tejedor, A. “Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: Transesterification of cynara cardunculus l. oils with ethanol”, Energy and Fuels, 16: 443-450 (2001).
  • Canakci, M. and Van Gerpen, J. “Biodiesel production via acid catalysis”, Trans. of the ASAE, 42(5): 1203-1210 (1999).
  • Kusdiana, D. and Saka, S. “Effects of water on biodiesel fuel production by supercritical methanol treatment”, Bioresource Tech., 791: 289-295 (2003).
  • Tomasevic, A.V. and Siler-Marinkovic, S.S. “Methanolysis of used frying oil”, Fuel Proc. Tech., 80: 1-6 (2002).
  • Canakci, M. and Van Gerpen, J. “A Pilot plant to produce biodiesel from high free fatty acid feedstocks”, Trans. of the ASAE, 46(4): 945-955 (2003).
  • Altın, R., Yücesu, H.S., “Mısır yağının alternatif yakıt olarak dizel motorlarında kullanımının motor performansına ve egzoz emisyonları etkilerinin deneysel incelenmesi”, 6th Int. Comb. Symp. Pro., İstanbul, 409-422 (2000).
  • Yamane, K., Ueta, A. and Shimamoto, Y. “Influence of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel fuels on injection, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition engine”, Int. J. Eng. Research, 2(4): 249-261 (2001).
  • Haas J.M., Scott, K.M., Alleman, T.L. and McCormick R.L. “Engine performance of biodiesel fuel prepared from soybean soapstock: A high quality renewable fuel produced from a waste feedstocks”, Energy and Fuels, 15: 12071212 (2001).

ATIK MUTFAK YAĞLARININ ALTERNATİF DİZEL YAKITI OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2005, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 81 - 91, 17.08.2010

Abstract

Restaurant ve evsel atık yağları, yağ asidi esterlerine dönüştürülmek suretiyle alternatif bir dizel yakıtı olarak dizel motorlarında kullanımı, hem insan sağlığı hem de çevresel açıdan önemli bir avantajdır. Şimdiye kadar Türkiye’de bu yağların sadece küçük bir yüzdesi toplanarak sabun üretiminde kullanılmıştır. Atık mutfak yağlarının, dizel motorlarında herhangi bir değişiklik yapılmadan kullanılabilmesi için motorine yakın değerlere sahip bir yakıta dönüştürülmesi gerekmektedir. Dönüştürülme işleminde en genel kullanılan metot transesterifikasyon reaksiyonudur. Atık mutfak yağlarının transesterifikasyon reaksiyonu; serbest yağ asidi oranı ve su içeriği, kullanılan alkolün kimyasal yapısı, katalizör tipi, reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve reaksiyon süresi gibi fonksiyonlardan etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada atık mutfak yağlarının yağ asidi esterlerine dönüştürülerek alternatif dizel yakıtı olarak kullanabilirliği incelenmektedir

References

  • Fangrui, M. and Milford, A. H. “Biodiesel production: a review”, Bioresource Technology, 70: 1-15 (1999).
  • Kann, J., Rang, H., and Kriis, J. “Advances in biodiesel fuel research”, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 51 (2):75117 (2002).
  • Kinast, A.J., “Production of biodiesels from multiple feedstocks and properties of biodiesels and biodiesel /diesel blends”, NREL Report, Des Plaines, 1-47 (2001).
  • Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J. M., Gomez, J. and Lopez Gimenez, F.J. “Testing waste olive methyl ester as a fuel in a diesel engine”, Energy and Fuels, 17: 1560-1565 (2003).
  • Murayama, T., Fujiwara, Y. and Noto, T. “Evaluating waste vegetable oils as a diesel fuel”, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., Part D, 214: 141-148 (2000).
  • Yu, C.W., Bari, S. and Ameen, A. “A Comparison of combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil with diesel as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine”, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., Part D, 216: 237-243 (2002).
  • Graboski, M. S. and McCormick, R.L. “Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines”. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 24:125-164 (1998).
  • Fukuda H., Kondo A., and Noda H. “Review biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils”, Journal of Biosci. and Bioeng., 92(5): 405-416 (2001).
  • Mike Pelly, February, Countryside and small stock journal, 85 (1): 32-37 (2001).
  • Knothe, G., Dunn, R. and Bagby, M. “Biodiesel: The use of vegetable oils and their derivatives as alternative diesel fuels”, In ACS Symp. Ser. No. 666: Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, 172-208 (1997).
  • Leung, Dennis Y.C. Development of a clean biodiesel fuel in Hong Kong using recycled oil, Kluwer Acad. Pub., 130: 277-282 (2001).
  • Zhang, Y., Dubé, M.A., McLean, D.D. and Kates, M. Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: 1. Process Design and Technological Assessment Biosource Technology, Vol. 89, Pages: 1-16 (2003).
  • Reed, T. B., Graboski, M.S. and Gaur, S. “Development and commercialization of oxygenated diesel fuels from waste vegetable oils”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 3(2): 111-115 (1992).
  • Encinar, J.M., Gonzalez, J. F., Rodriguez, J. J. and Tejedor, A. “Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: Transesterification of cynara cardunculus l. oils with ethanol”, Energy and Fuels, 16: 443-450 (2001).
  • Canakci, M. and Van Gerpen, J. “Biodiesel production via acid catalysis”, Trans. of the ASAE, 42(5): 1203-1210 (1999).
  • Kusdiana, D. and Saka, S. “Effects of water on biodiesel fuel production by supercritical methanol treatment”, Bioresource Tech., 791: 289-295 (2003).
  • Tomasevic, A.V. and Siler-Marinkovic, S.S. “Methanolysis of used frying oil”, Fuel Proc. Tech., 80: 1-6 (2002).
  • Canakci, M. and Van Gerpen, J. “A Pilot plant to produce biodiesel from high free fatty acid feedstocks”, Trans. of the ASAE, 46(4): 945-955 (2003).
  • Altın, R., Yücesu, H.S., “Mısır yağının alternatif yakıt olarak dizel motorlarında kullanımının motor performansına ve egzoz emisyonları etkilerinin deneysel incelenmesi”, 6th Int. Comb. Symp. Pro., İstanbul, 409-422 (2000).
  • Yamane, K., Ueta, A. and Shimamoto, Y. “Influence of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel fuels on injection, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition engine”, Int. J. Eng. Research, 2(4): 249-261 (2001).
  • Haas J.M., Scott, K.M., Alleman, T.L. and McCormick R.L. “Engine performance of biodiesel fuel prepared from soybean soapstock: A high quality renewable fuel produced from a waste feedstocks”, Energy and Fuels, 15: 12071212 (2001).
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Mechanical Engineering
Authors

Mustafa Çanakçı This is me

A. Necati Özsezen

Publication Date August 17, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çanakçı, M., & Özsezen, A. N. (2010). EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL. Gazi University Journal of Science, 18(1), 81-91.
AMA Çanakçı M, Özsezen AN. EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL. Gazi University Journal of Science. August 2010;18(1):81-91.
Chicago Çanakçı, Mustafa, and A. Necati Özsezen. “EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL”. Gazi University Journal of Science 18, no. 1 (August 2010): 81-91.
EndNote Çanakçı M, Özsezen AN (August 1, 2010) EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL. Gazi University Journal of Science 18 1 81–91.
IEEE M. Çanakçı and A. N. Özsezen, “EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 81–91, 2010.
ISNAD Çanakçı, Mustafa - Özsezen, A. Necati. “EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL”. Gazi University Journal of Science 18/1 (August 2010), 81-91.
JAMA Çanakçı M, Özsezen AN. EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2010;18:81–91.
MLA Çanakçı, Mustafa and A. Necati Özsezen. “EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 18, no. 1, 2010, pp. 81-91.
Vancouver Çanakçı M, Özsezen AN. EVALUATING WASTE COOKING OILS AS ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2010;18(1):81-9.