Research Article
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Year 2011, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 911 - 918, 16.12.2011

Abstract

References

  • Bakhshi, R., “The influence of altitude on wood properties of cypress wood in western part of Mazandran province-Iran”, Ph.D Thesis, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran, 136 (2003)
  • Bektas I, Guler C “Determination of some physical properties of beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) from Andirin region”, Turk J Agric For 25:209-215 (2001)
  • Bektas I, Hakki Alma M., As N., Gundogan, R .,“Relationship between site index and several mechanical properties of Turkish calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten)”, Fores Prod J, 53(2): 1-5 (2003).
  • Bektas I, Hakki Alma M, Goker Y, Yuksel A “ Influence of site on sapwood and heartwood ratios of Turkish Calabrian pine”, Fores Prod J 53(4): 48-50(2003).
  • Bendtsen BA “Properties of wood from improved and intensively managed trees”, Fores Prod J, 28: 61-72 (1978).
  • Blouin D, Beaulieu J, Daoust G, Poliquin J “Wood quality of Norway spruce grown in plantations in Quebec”, Wood Fiber Sci J 26: 342–353 (1994).
  • Bozkurt Y, Goker Y “Fiziksel ve Mekanik Agac¸ Teknolojisi”, IU. Yayın No. 3445. Orman Fak. Yayin No. 388. Istanbul (1987)
  • Brunden MN “Specific gravity and fiber length in crown formed and stem formed wood” Fores Prod J 14: 13-17 (1964).
  • Clark A, Saucier JR “Influence of initial planting density, geographic location and species on juvenile wood formation in southern pine”, Fores Prod J 39: 42-48(1989).
  • Franklin GL “A rapid method of softening wood for microtome sectioning”, Tropical Woods J ,88:35-36 (1954).
  • Guler C, Copur Y, Akgul M, Buyukasari U “Some chemical, physical and mechanical properties of juvenile wood from black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) plantations”, Journal of Applied Science 7(5): 755-758 (2007)
  • Kokutse AD, Baillères H, Stokes A, Kokou K “Proportion and quality of heartwood in Togolese teak (Tectona grandis L.f.)”. Forest Ecology and Management 189: 37–48(2004).
  • Koga S, Zhang SY, Bégin J “Effects of precommercial thinning on annual radial growth and wood density in Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)”, Wood Fiber Sci J 34: 625–642(2002).
  • Moulds F.R , “Comparative strengths of the timber of Californian grown and South Australian grown Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.)”. Australian Forestry 16: 100104(1952).
  • Olesen P.O .,“The variation of the basic density level and tracheid width within the juvenile and mature wood of Norway spruce”. Forest Tree Improvement 12: 1–21(1977).
  • Panshin AJ, De Zeeuw C “Textbook of wood technology”. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 722 (1980) .
  • Raskila S, Saranpää P, Fagerstedt K, Laakso T., “Growth rate and wood properties of Norway spruce cutting clones on different sites”, Silva Fennica 40(2):47-255, (2006)
  • Saranpää P Wood density and growth. In Barnett, J. R. and Jeronimidis, G. (eds). “Wood Quality and Its Biological Basis. Blackwell Publishing Ltd”, CRC Press, Great Britain, 87-117 (2003).
  • Sedjo, S., “The potential of high-yield plantation forestry for meeting timber needs”, New Forests 17: 339-360(1999).
  • Valente CA, Mendes A, Furtado FP, Carvalho AP “Improvement program for Eucalyptus globulus at Portugel”, Appita J 45: 403–407(1992).
  • Zare H “Introduced and Native Conifers in Iran. Ministry of Jihad-e- agriculture”, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization.Technical Publication No. 271. 498 (2001) .
  • Zhang SY.,“Effect of growth rate on wood specific gravity and selected mechanical properties in individual species from distinct wood categories”, Wood Science and Technology 29: 451– 465(1995).
  • Zhang SY, Simpson D, Morgenstern EK “Variation in the relationship of wood density with growth in 40 black spruce (Picea mariana) families grown in New Brunswick”. Wood Fiber Sci J 28: 91–99(1996).
  • Zobel BJ, Van Bujitenen JP “Wood variation: its causes and control”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 363 (1980).

Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran)

Year 2011, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 911 - 918, 16.12.2011

Abstract

In the present study, the biometry (tracheid length and tracheid cell wall thickness), physical (oven dry density, basic density, volumetric shrinkage, and volumetric swelling), and mechanical properties (static bending (MOR), and compressive strength paralel to the grain) of eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw) was investigated as a function of altitude index. For this purpose, eighteen normal pine trees from three altitudes such as 500 (low altitude), 1200 (intermediate altitude), and 1400 meter (high altitude) that located in the forestry of Western Mazandran province (in north of Iran) was selected. Disks and logs of wood were sawn from the trunk 1-2 m height of trees. The results of statistical analyses showed that the altitude index was an important factor influencing on the biometry, physical and mechanical properties of eldar pine. The wood density, volume shrinkage, volume swelling, tracheid length, cell wall thickness, modulus of rupture, and compressive parallel to the grain in intermediate altitude is more than other altitudes classes. 

References

  • Bakhshi, R., “The influence of altitude on wood properties of cypress wood in western part of Mazandran province-Iran”, Ph.D Thesis, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran, 136 (2003)
  • Bektas I, Guler C “Determination of some physical properties of beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) from Andirin region”, Turk J Agric For 25:209-215 (2001)
  • Bektas I, Hakki Alma M., As N., Gundogan, R .,“Relationship between site index and several mechanical properties of Turkish calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten)”, Fores Prod J, 53(2): 1-5 (2003).
  • Bektas I, Hakki Alma M, Goker Y, Yuksel A “ Influence of site on sapwood and heartwood ratios of Turkish Calabrian pine”, Fores Prod J 53(4): 48-50(2003).
  • Bendtsen BA “Properties of wood from improved and intensively managed trees”, Fores Prod J, 28: 61-72 (1978).
  • Blouin D, Beaulieu J, Daoust G, Poliquin J “Wood quality of Norway spruce grown in plantations in Quebec”, Wood Fiber Sci J 26: 342–353 (1994).
  • Bozkurt Y, Goker Y “Fiziksel ve Mekanik Agac¸ Teknolojisi”, IU. Yayın No. 3445. Orman Fak. Yayin No. 388. Istanbul (1987)
  • Brunden MN “Specific gravity and fiber length in crown formed and stem formed wood” Fores Prod J 14: 13-17 (1964).
  • Clark A, Saucier JR “Influence of initial planting density, geographic location and species on juvenile wood formation in southern pine”, Fores Prod J 39: 42-48(1989).
  • Franklin GL “A rapid method of softening wood for microtome sectioning”, Tropical Woods J ,88:35-36 (1954).
  • Guler C, Copur Y, Akgul M, Buyukasari U “Some chemical, physical and mechanical properties of juvenile wood from black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) plantations”, Journal of Applied Science 7(5): 755-758 (2007)
  • Kokutse AD, Baillères H, Stokes A, Kokou K “Proportion and quality of heartwood in Togolese teak (Tectona grandis L.f.)”. Forest Ecology and Management 189: 37–48(2004).
  • Koga S, Zhang SY, Bégin J “Effects of precommercial thinning on annual radial growth and wood density in Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)”, Wood Fiber Sci J 34: 625–642(2002).
  • Moulds F.R , “Comparative strengths of the timber of Californian grown and South Australian grown Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.)”. Australian Forestry 16: 100104(1952).
  • Olesen P.O .,“The variation of the basic density level and tracheid width within the juvenile and mature wood of Norway spruce”. Forest Tree Improvement 12: 1–21(1977).
  • Panshin AJ, De Zeeuw C “Textbook of wood technology”. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 722 (1980) .
  • Raskila S, Saranpää P, Fagerstedt K, Laakso T., “Growth rate and wood properties of Norway spruce cutting clones on different sites”, Silva Fennica 40(2):47-255, (2006)
  • Saranpää P Wood density and growth. In Barnett, J. R. and Jeronimidis, G. (eds). “Wood Quality and Its Biological Basis. Blackwell Publishing Ltd”, CRC Press, Great Britain, 87-117 (2003).
  • Sedjo, S., “The potential of high-yield plantation forestry for meeting timber needs”, New Forests 17: 339-360(1999).
  • Valente CA, Mendes A, Furtado FP, Carvalho AP “Improvement program for Eucalyptus globulus at Portugel”, Appita J 45: 403–407(1992).
  • Zare H “Introduced and Native Conifers in Iran. Ministry of Jihad-e- agriculture”, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization.Technical Publication No. 271. 498 (2001) .
  • Zhang SY.,“Effect of growth rate on wood specific gravity and selected mechanical properties in individual species from distinct wood categories”, Wood Science and Technology 29: 451– 465(1995).
  • Zhang SY, Simpson D, Morgenstern EK “Variation in the relationship of wood density with growth in 40 black spruce (Picea mariana) families grown in New Brunswick”. Wood Fiber Sci J 28: 91–99(1996).
  • Zobel BJ, Van Bujitenen JP “Wood variation: its causes and control”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 363 (1980).
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Industrial Engineering
Authors

Majid Kıaeı

Ahmad Samarıha This is me

Publication Date December 16, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kıaeı, M., & Samarıha, A. (2011). Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran). Gazi University Journal of Science, 24(4), 911-918.
AMA Kıaeı M, Samarıha A. Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran). Gazi University Journal of Science. December 2011;24(4):911-918.
Chicago Kıaeı, Majid, and Ahmad Samarıha. “Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran)”. Gazi University Journal of Science 24, no. 4 (December 2011): 911-18.
EndNote Kıaeı M, Samarıha A (December 1, 2011) Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran). Gazi University Journal of Science 24 4 911–918.
IEEE M. Kıaeı and A. Samarıha, “Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran)”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 911–918, 2011.
ISNAD Kıaeı, Majid - Samarıha, Ahmad. “Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran)”. Gazi University Journal of Science 24/4 (December 2011), 911-918.
JAMA Kıaeı M, Samarıha A. Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran). Gazi University Journal of Science. 2011;24:911–918.
MLA Kıaeı, Majid and Ahmad Samarıha. “Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran)”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 24, no. 4, 2011, pp. 911-8.
Vancouver Kıaeı M, Samarıha A. Relationship Between Altitude Index and Wood Properties of Pinus Eldarica Medw (Case Study in North of Iran). Gazi University Journal of Science. 2011;24(4):911-8.