Elektrikli Araçlarda Batarya Yönetim Sistemleri Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 234 - 275, 28.06.2021

Ramazan Menak , Teoman Karadağ , Mehmet Altuğ , Nusret Tan

Abstract

Küresel ısınma, fosil yakıtların çevreye verdiği zararlar ve sera gazı emisyonları ile ilgili endişeler nedeniyle elektrikli araçlar gün geçtikçe içten yanmalı motorlu araçların yerini almaktadır. Elektrikli araçlar için ana enerji kaynağı olan bataryaların, sürüş güvenliği için belirli bir çalışma sağlamak adına bazı sınırlamaları vardır. Batarya yönetim sistemleri (BYS’ler), bu sınırlamaların üstesinden gelmek, bataryayı korumak ve elektrikli araç için daha güvenilir sürüş sağlamak adına önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu makalede BYS ve BYS’nin alt konuları olan bataryayı izleme, batarya güvenliği, araç iç-dış haberleşmesi, hücre dengelenmesi, durum kestirimleri, termal yönetimi ve topolojileri alanındaki çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Bu tür konularla ilgili yöntemlerin, avantaj-dezavantajları ve nitel faktörler açısından karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Elektrikli araçlar geleceğin ulaşım aracı olacağı ve ülkemizde yerli üretime geçildiği için, elektrikli araçlar konusunda Türkçe literatürünün geliştirilmesi ve akademik çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği yazarlar tarafından düşünülmektedir. Yazarlar, bu çalışmanın Türkçe literatürüne katkı sağlayacağını ve batarya yönetim sistemi alanında çalışan tasarımcılara, araştırmacılara, üreticilere ve şirketlere bakış açısı kazandıracağını düşünmektedir.

Keywords

Elektrikli Araçlar, Batarya Yönetim Sistemi, Batarya Termal Yönetimi, Batarya Durum Kestirimi, Batarya Yönetim Sistemleri Türleri

A Review Study on Battery Management Systems in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Due to concerns about global warming, environmental damages from fossil fuels, and greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles have been taken place of internal combustion motor vehicles day by day. Being the main energy source for electric vehicles, the batteries have some limitations to give certain operations for safe driving. The battery management systems (BMSs) play a vital role in order to overcome these limitations, protect the battery and ensure more reliable driving for electric vehicles. This paper reviews the papers about the battery management system and its sub-issues including battery monitoring, battery safety, vehicle internal-external communication, cell balancing, state estimations, thermal management, and topologies. The methods about such issues have been compared in terms of merits-demerits and qualitative factors. Since electric vehicles will be the transportation vehicles for the future and domestic production has been started in our country, the authors consider that it is necessary to improve the Turkish literature on electric vehicles and conduct academic studies. The authors consider that this study will contribute to the Turkish literature and gaining some perspective to the designers, researchers, producers, and companies that work in the field of the battery management systems.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles, Battery Management System, Battery Thermal Management, Battery State Estimation, Topology of the Battery Management Systems

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