Historical Evaluation of Public Toilets as Public Spaces

Abstract

Throughout history, the development level of public toilets is one of the most direct indicators of the level of civilization of societies, cities, and therefore public spaces. The transformation and evolution of public spaces not only give shape to daily public life but also lead society to more long-term cultural and social progresses by influencing their experiences, habits, and beliefs. Today, as one of the most important public spaces, public toilets’ development is directly related to the probable global pandemics in case of a lack of sanitation and hygiene. This article analyzes the social, economic, cultural, political, and technological effects of the development of public toilets as public spaces throughout history to put forward a frame in which we can observe the impact of public toilets on human civilization.

Keywords

• Public Toilets
• Historical Evaluation
• Public Space

References

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