An Overview of Historical Traditional Wooden Structure Conservation Techniques

Abstract

Historical wooden building architecture is a cultural value that should be conserved considering its authentic wooden material and architectural details. Accordingly, the actions to be taken against the distortions that may emerge in the wooden building architecture are as important as the relevant building itself. Historical wooden buildings are faced with wrong intervention methods implemented within the modern restoration efforts. Consequently, authentic details of the traditional wooden architecture as well as the unique assembly methods and wooden materials disappear in time. Another result of these wrong intervention methods is that historical wooden buildings continue existing with their authentic values decreasing due to unqualified extensions and further wrong techniques. The correct action methods to be implemented on wooden building elements was presented through this study considering the concepts of architecture, aesthetic, practicality and economic dimension. Previous studies have generally reviewed the topic through a single method, and only a limited number of studies that have been conducted in a more comprehensive and detailed manner have collectively mentioned the traditional and modern repairing and reinforcement methods. The structure and anatomic characteristics of wooden material were investigated through the relevant literature in the present study. Then, common distortion issues seen on wooden building material were presented. The repairing and reinforcement methods employed on wooden building material were explained through theoretical and practical approaches while considering the information achieved from the literature. Moreover, various technical drawing and practical photographs were utilized. This study aimed to serve as a guide for the repairing and strengthening interventions for historical wooden buildings. The results indicated that traditional methods were preferred more than the modern ones in the field activities within the wooden structure restoration procedures conducted in Türkiye and that traditional methods being known more and considered as more economical played a key role in this context.

Keywords

• Conservation techniques
• historical
• traditional
• wooden structures.

References

1. [1] Chang, W. S. (2015). Repair and reinforcement of timber columns and shear walls-A review. Construction and Building Materials, 97 (2015), 14-24. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.002
2. [2] Dietsch, P., & Brandner, R. (2015). Self-tapping screws and threaded rods as reinforcement for structural timber elements – a state-of-the-art report. Construction and Building Materials, 97(2015), 78-89. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.028
3. [3] Tampone, G., & Ruggieri, N. (2016). State-of-the-art technology on conservation of ancient roofs with timber structure. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 22 (2016), 1019-1027. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.05.011
4. [4] Karolak, A., Jasienko, J., & Raszczuk, K. (2020). Historical scarf and splice carpentry joints: state of the art, Heritage Science, 8 (105), 1-19. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020- 00448-2
5. [5] Kocataşkın, F. (1966). Yapı malzemesi olarak ahşap, İstanbul Teknik Üniversite Matbaası.
6. [6] Eriç, M. (2016). Yapı fiziği ve malzemesi (4th ed.), Literatür Yayınları, İstanbul.
7. [7] Reinprecht, L. (2016). Wood deterioration, protection and maintenance, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119106500
8. [8] Heckroodt, R. O. (2002). Guide to the deterioration and failure of building materials. Thomas Telford Publishing, London

9. [9] Erdin, N. (2009). Ahşap konservasyonu, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları.
10. [10] Ridout, B. (2000). Timber decay in buildings the conservation approach to treatment, Spon Press, Taylor & Francis Group.