Comparative Shading Analysis of Public Open Spaces in Mixed-Use Developments

Abstract

Shading in public open spaces within mixed-use developments is a critical design component, as it directly affects user comfort. While shading limits excessive heating in hot climates, it can reduce solar gains during winter months in cold climate regions, potentially negatively affecting outdoor comfort. Therefore, shading performance must be evaluated in light of seasonal variables. This study aims to comparatively examine the shading performance of the public open spaces of two mixed-use developments (Tepe Prime Avenue and Mahall Ankara) located side by side in Ankara, which has a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. Within the scope of the study, the public open spaces and surrounding building masses of both projects were modeled parametrically. Using Grasshopper, direct sun hours analyses were performed for summer and winter periods using the same climate data (EPW). The cumulative direct sun hours obtained from grid points placed in open spaces were normalized by area to calculate sun exposure per unit area. Furthermore, the distribution of solar radiation within the area was evaluated using spatial distribution maps. The results show that the more compact, fragmented mass arrangement in Mahall Ankara causes solar radiation to concentrate in spatially limited areas and creates large shaded areas, especially during the winter. In contrast, the more open configuration at Tepe Prime Avenue ensured a more balanced, homogeneous distribution of solar exposure during both winter and summer. The findings reveal that open space performance is directly related not only to area size but also to urban morphology, mass placement, and building density.

Keywords

• Public open spaces
• Shading
• Mixed-use developments
• Direct sun hours

Karma Kullanım Projelerinde Kamusal Açık Alanların Karşılaştırmalı Gölgeleme Analizi

Abstract

Kentsel açık alanlarda gölgelendirme, özellikle kullanıcı konforunu doğrudan etkilediği karma kullanımlı merkezlerde, tasarımın kritik bileşenlerinden biridir. Gölgelendirme, sıcak iklimlerde aşırı ısınmayı sınırlandırırken, soğuk iklim bölgelerinde kış aylarında güneş kazanımlarının azalmasına bağlı olarak dış mekân konforunu olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, gölgeleme performansının mevsimsel değişkenler dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, Ankara gibi yazları sıcak ve kışları soğuk geçen karasal iklim koşullarında yer alan ve yan yana konumlanan iki karma kullanımlı merkezin (Tepe Prime Avenue ve Mahall Ankara) ortak açık alanlarının gölgelendirme performansını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, her iki projenin ortak açık alanları ve çevreleyen yapı kütleleri Rhinoceros ortamında modellenmiş; Grasshopper aracılığıyla, aynı iklim verileri (EPW) kullanılarak yaz ve kış dönemleri için direct sun hours analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açık alanlara yerleştirilen grid noktaları üzerinden elde edilen kümülatif güneşlenme süreleri, alan büyüklüğüne göre normalize edilerek birim alan başına güneş maruziyeti hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, mekânsal dağılım haritaları aracılığıyla güneşlenmenin alan içindeki dağılımı değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Mahall Ankara’da daha kompakt ve parçalı kütle düzeninin, güneşlenmenin mekânsal olarak sınırlı bölgelerde yoğunlaşmasına ve özellikle kış döneminde geniş gölgeli alanların oluşmasına neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Tepe Prime Avenue’de ise daha açık kütle yerleşimi, kış ve yaz dönemlerinde güneşlenmenin daha dengeli ve homojen olmasını sağlamıştır. Özetle, gölgeleme performansının; sadece açık alanın büyüklüğü ile değil, kentsel morfoloji, yapılaşma yoğunluğu ve kütle yerleşimi ile ilgili olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Kamusal açık alan
• Gölgeleme
• Karma Kullanımlı Yapılar
• Güneş Maruziyeti

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