Kent Donatısı Tasarımı için Demokratik Tasarım Modeli Önerisi

Abstract

Kentsel donatı tasarımı, yıllardır tek tip bir kullanıcı varsayımı üzerine kurulmuştur: kamusal nesnelerin herkese eşit biçimde hitap edebileceği yanılgısı. Oysa bu varsayım, alt kültür ve dışlanmış toplulukların bedensel, zamansal ve kolektif mekânsal pratiklerini görünmez kılmaktadır. Bu makale, söz konusu görünmezliği aşmak için üç sosyal teori geleneğini bir araya getiren özgün bir teorik çerçeve — Ritmik ve Performatif Veri Tabanlı Demokratik Tasarım Modeli (RP-DTM) — önermektedir. Çerçeve; Henri Lefebvre'in ritimanalizi ve mekânın üçlü diyalektiği, Pierre Bourdieu'nün habitus, bedensel hexis ve örtük bilgi kuramı ile Judith Butler'ın performatif toplanma ve bedensel ittifak teorisinden beslenmektedir. Makale, bu üç kuramın bir araya gelmesinin yalnızca teorik açıdan verimli olmadığını, epistemolojik olarak da zorunlu olduğunu savunmaktadır: her biri mekânsal dışlanmanın farklı bir boyutunu — sırasıyla zamansal, bedensel ve siyasi — ele almakta; hiçbiri diğerleri olmadan yeterli olmamaktadır. RP-DTM bu üçlü yapıyı birbiriyle bağlantılı üç tasarım ilkesine dönüştürmektedir — zamansal duyarlılık, bedensel okuryazarlık ve performatif olanaklılık — ve demokratik bir kentsel nesnenin bu üçünü aynı anda taşıması gerektiğini ileri sürmektedir. Makale aynı zamanda demokratik tasarım niyetinin, çıktıları kalıcı bir kurumsal meşruiyet kazanmadıkça siyasi açıdan sonuçsuz kalacağını öne sürmektedir: bir alt kültürün mekânsal bilgisinin yasal olarak tescil edilmiş, belediye tarafından bakımı üstlenilmiş bir kentsel donatı biçiminde kentin resmi kaydına girmesi, demokratik tasarımın nihai siyasi hedefini oluşturmaktadır. Makale; mevcut katılımcı tasarım yaklaşımlarının epistemolojik krizini teşhis etmekte, bu krize yanıt olarak özgün bir teorik sentez önermekte ve demokratik tasarım başarısının ölçütü olarak kalıcılık kavramını teorik zemine oturtmaktadır.

Keywords

• demokratik tasarım
• kent donatısı tasarımı
• ritimanaliz
• habitus
• tasarım yoluyla araştırma

A Proposal for a Democratic Design Model for Urban Furniture

Abstract

Urban furniture design has long operated within a normative design assumption: that public objects can and should be designed for a universal user, thereby systematically excluding the embodied, temporal, and collectively performative spatial practices of subcultural and marginalised communities. This paper aims to address this exclusion by developing a theoretical framework, the Rhythmic-Performative Data-Based Democratic Design Model (RP-DTM), that synthesises three bodies of social theory into a coherent epistemological foundation for democratic urban furniture design. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre's rhythmanalysis and trialectic of space, Pierre Bourdieu's theory of habitus, bodily hexis, and tacit knowledge, and Judith Butler's framework of performative assembly and bodily alliance, the specific objective of the paper is to demonstrate that the convergence of these three frameworks is not merely theoretically productive but epistemologically necessary. Each framework addresses a distinct and irreducible dimension of spatial exclusion, namely the temporal, the bodily, and the political, and no subset of the three is sufficient without the others. The RP-DTM translates this triadic epistemology into three interdependent formal principles, namely temporal responsiveness, bodily literacy, and performative enablement, and argues that a genuinely democratic urban object must embody all three simultaneously. A further objective is to establish that democratic design intent is politically inert unless its outputs achieve permanent institutional integration. The inscription of subcultural spatial knowledge into the official material record of the city, as a legally registered and municipally maintained urban asset, constitutes the ultimate political goal of democratic furniture design. The paper contributes to the democratic and participatory design literature by diagnosing the epistemological crisis of existing participatory frameworks and proposing a novel theoretical synthesis as its resolution. As a result of this contribution, the framework is expected to provide urban designers, municipal policymakers, and design researchers with a replicable methodological foundation for translating the spatial knowledge of marginalised communities into institutionally durable urban interventions, with implications extending beyond the specific context examined here to comparable processes of urban exclusion in other cities.

Keywords

• democratic design
• urban furniture
• rhythmanalysis
• habitus
• research through design

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