CAD AND BIM IN ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION: AWARENESS, PROFICIENCY AND ADVANTAGES FROM THE STUDENT PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This study assesses the level of awareness and proficiency of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) as well as their advantages from 64 MSc students at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria. Results reveal extensive use of AutoCAD (92%) and Revit (87%). Significant differences were recorded in awareness and proficiency for BIM 4D-7D. Overall, these were rated lower than CAD 2D and BIM 3D. High ratings for advantages of CAD and BIM relate to design and visualization of pre-construction documents. The study concludes that industry trends, practice requirements and employment potentials motivate learning of CAD/BIM from the student perspective.    

Keywords

• Architecture Education,Awareness,BIM,CAD

References

1. Abdirad, H. & Dossick, C. S. BIM curriculum design in architecture, engineering, and construction education: a systematic review. Journal of Information Technology in Construction ITcon, 21(17), 250–271, (2016).
2. Abubakar, M., Ibrahim, Y. M. & Bala, K. Readiness of Nigerian Building Design Firms to adopt Building Information Modelling (BIM) Technologies. In H. Kim, T. Brizendine, B. Gehrig, J. Hildreth, C.-S. Cho, D. Chen, … Z. Shen (Eds.), Procs, 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management, 9-11 January 2013, Orange County, California (pp. 633–640). Ora: University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Korean Institute of Construction Engineering and Management, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, (2013).
3. Abubakar, M., Ibrahim, Y. M., Kado, D. & Bala, K. Contractors’ Perception of the factors affecting Building Information Modelling (BIM) Adoption in the Nigerian Construction Industry. Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 2014, 167–178, (2014).
4. Abubakar, Y. S., Muhammed, A. & Abdulrazaq, M. Prioitization of factors affecting the adoption of Building Information Modelling in the Nigerian Construction Industry. In Y. Ibrahim, N. Gambo, & I. Katun (Eds.), Procs of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors 3rd Research Conference NIQS RECON3:Confluence of Research, Theory and Practice in the Built Environment, 25-27 September 2017, Bauchi (pp. 34–50). Abuja: Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, (2017).
5. Akinrele, A. O. & Moses, E. Assessment of the Level of Awareness and Limitations on the Use of Building Information Modeling in Lagos State. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(2), 229–234, (2016).
6. Al-Matarneh, R. & Fethi, I. Assessing the impact of CAAD Design Tool on Architectural Design Education. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5(1), 1–20, (2017).
7. Almutiri, Y. R. Empirical Investigation into Development of a curricular Framework to Embed Building Information Modelling with Undergraduate Architectural Programmes, (January), 238, (2016).
8. Aly, S. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its future in Undergraduate Architectural Science Capstone Projects. In Procs of the BIM Academic Symposium 10 January 2014 (pp. 3–10). Washhington DC: National Institute of Building NIB, (2014).

9. Badrinath, A. C., Chang, Y. T. & Hsieh, S. H. A review of tertiary BIM education for advanced engineering communication with visualization. Visualization in Engineering, 4(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40327-016-0038-6, (2016).
10. Becerik-Gerber, B., Gerber, D. J. & Ku, K. The pace of technological innovation in architecture, engineering, and construction education: Integrating recent trends into the curricula. Electronic Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 16, 411–432, (2011).
11. Botchway, E. A., Abanye, S. A. & Afram, S. O. The Impact of Computer Aided Architectural Design Tools on Architectural Design Education: The Case of KNUST. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 4(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.10000145, (2015).
12. Czmoch, I. & Pękala, A. (2014). Traditional design versus BIM based design. Procedia Engineering, 91(TFoCE), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.048, (2014).
13. Doumbouya, L., Gao, G. & Guan, C. (2016). Adoption of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Construction Project Effectiveness: The Review of BIM Benefits. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 4(3), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.12691/AJCEA-4-3-1, (2016).
14. Fagbemi, O. S., Ojo, A. M. & Ayeni, D. A. Assessing the CAD Proficiency Level of Architecture Graduates in Selected Architectural Firms in Akure, Nigeria. In Procs of the Joint International Conference JIC 2016 on 21st Century Habitat: Issues, Sustainability and Development, 21-24th March 2016 at the Federal University of Technology Akure (pp. 1203–1210), (2016).
15. Field, A. Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 4th Ed. London: SAGE, (2013).
16. Gimenez, L., Robert, S., Suard, F. & Zreik, K. Automatic reconstruction of 3D building models from scanned 2D floor plans. Automation in Construction, 63, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.12.008, (2016).
17. Grabowski, R. CAD & BIM - Is There A Free Pass? Retrieved April 16, 2017 from https://www.graphisoft.com/ftp/marketing/white_papers/GRAPHISOFT_White_Paper_CADandBIM.pdf, (2010).
18. Guidera, S. & Mutai, A. Building Information Modeling : Implications of Government and Industry BIM Initiatives for AEC Education. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from https://peer.asee.org/building-information-modeling-the-implications-of-government-and-industry-initiatives-for-aec-education.pdf, (2008).
19. Halttula, H., Haapasalo, H. & Herva, M. (2015). Barriers to achieving the benefits of BIM. International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling (IJ3DIM), 4(4), 16–33, (2015).
20. Ibrahim, Y. M. & Muhammed, A. Introduction to Building Information Modelling. In 3 day Workshop/AGM of hte Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, 8 November 2016 (pp. 1–49). Port-Harcourt, (2016).
21. Joannides, M. M., Olbina, S. & Issa, R. A. Implementation of Building Information Modeling into Accredited Programs in Architecture and Construction Education. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 8, 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2011.632809, (2012).
22. Kiviniemi, A. BIM education – a bottleneck in BIM adoption? Retrieved April 16, 2017 from https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/MarkStodgell/bim-education, (2015).
23. Kocaturk, T. & Kiviniemi, A. Challenges of Integrating BIM in Architectural Education. In Procs of the 31st eCAADe Conference Computation and Performance (Vol. 2, pp. 465–474), (2013).
24. Kolaric, S., Vukomanovic, M., Stober, D. & Dolacek-Alduk, Z. Asssessing Educational Approaches to Building Information Modelling (BIM) at Construction Management Master Studies in Croatia. Tehnicki Vjesnik, 24(4), 1255–1262, (2017).
25. Malleson, A., Kato, H., Popsilova, B., Watson, D. & Friborg, G. International BIM Report, (2016).Mandhar, M. M. & Mandhar, M. M. BIMing the Architectural Curricula – Integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Architectural Education. International Journal of Architecture, 1(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004, (2013).
26. Nwakonye, O., Owoseni, A., Oluwatayo, A. & Emokpae, E. Investigating the extent of use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Department of Architecture, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria. Retrieved November 30, 2017, from http://covenantuniversity.edu.ng/content/download/54646/370169/file/INVESTIGATING+THE+EXTENT+OF+USE+OF+BUILDING+INFORMATION+MODELLING+%28BIM%29+IN+DEPARTMENT+OF+ARCHITECTURE.pdf, (n.d.).
27. Olaleye, Y. O., Garba, A. & Lawal, A. B. Building Information Modelling application in the Nigerian Construction Industry. In Y. Ibrahim, N. Gambo, & I. Katun (Eds.), Procs of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors 3rd Research Conference NIQS RECON3:Confluence of Research, Theory and Practice in the Built Environment, 25-27 September 2017, Bauchi (pp. 51–64). Abuja: Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, (2017).
28. Ramilo, R. & Embi, M. R. B. Critical analysis of key determinants and barriers to digital innovation adoption among architectural organizations. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3(4), 431–451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2014.06.005, (2014).
29. Rodriguez, G. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) within an Interdisciplinary Course for Building Information Modeling (BIM). In Procs of the BIM Academic Symposium 10 January 2014 (pp. 27–33). Washhington DC: National Institute of Building NIB, (2014).
30. Rosli, M. F., Razak, A. S., Younus, M. A., Keumala, N. & Ismail, M. A. Students ’ Preferences Using BIM Software in Design Studio Project in University of Malaya – An Exploratory Study. Retrieved April 4, 2017, from http://www.arcasia.org/component/jdownloads/finish/122/551?Itemid=0, (2014).
31. Ryal-Net, M. B. & Kaduma, L. A. Assessment of Building Information Modeling ( BIM ) Knowledge in the Nigerian Construction Industry. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS, 15(5), 1–10, (2015).
32. Sacks, R. & Pikas, E. Building Information Modeling Education for Construction Engineering and Management. I: Industry Requirements, State of the Art, and Gap Analysis. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(11), 4013016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000759, (2013).