Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Re-formation of the Ecosystem from the Perspective of the Artificial Consciousness:

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 83 - 92, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is an essential agent for the sustainability movement by providing unique contributions to various wicked problems, such as; the depletion of natural resources, social inequality, climate crisis and neoliberal growth policies. Rather than some groups’ and individuals’ prioritized deficient actions and anthropocentric development strategies to reach a more sustainably designed future, AI is the one possible game-changer that may be the way of activating an ecocentric mindset. The interference of AI into these processes causes some critical concerns, which will be crucial in defining the future of human-machine interaction. The study’s objective is to evaluate current and the possible future interaction between artificial consciousness and human consciousness, in consideration of sustainability, by defining some speculative cause and effect relations. Through this paper, the human-machine interaction, the strategies about the AI technology, its’ roles and possible negative-positive impacts have been analyzed by considering some possible scenarios related to the decisions about the future of AI in the context of sustainability. The positioning, authorization and limitations of AI are evaluated along with the speculative future outlines. As a result, it is crucial to manage and steer the development of AI and decide the hierarchical and strategic actions about AI integrated value creation and development processes to ensure the safety of a sustainable future.

References

  • [1] Albert, M. (2007). Practical Utopia: Strategies for a Desirable Society. PM Press.
  • [2] Aleksander, I. (1995). Artificial neuroconsciousness an update. In: Mira J., Sandoval F. (eds) From Natural to Artificial Neural Computation. IWANN 1995. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 930. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59497-3_224
  • [3] Amir, S. (2004). Rethinking Design Policy in the Third World. Design Issues, 20(4), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1162/0747936042311995
  • [4] Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0226025926.
  • [5] Barrett A. M., & Baum S. D. (2017). A model of pathways to artificial superintelligence catastrophe for risk and decision analysis, Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 29(2), 397-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2016.1186228
  • [6] Berberich, N., Nishida, T. & Suzuki, S. (2020). Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence for Social Good. Philosophy and Technology. 33, 613–638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00421-8
  • [7] Bostrom, N. (2002). Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards. Journal of Evolution and Technology, 9(1).
  • [8] Bostrom, N. (2009). The Future of Humanity. In: Olsen J.K.B., Selinger E., Riis S. (eds) New Waves in Philosophy of Technology. New Waves in Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230227279_10
  • [9] Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford University Press.
  • [10] Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The ethics of artificial intelligence. In The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139046855.020
  • [11] Brewka, G. (1996). Artificial intelligence—a modern approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Prentice Hall. Series in Artificial Intelligence, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 11(1), 78-79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888900007724
  • [12] Campbell, M., Hoane, A. J., & Hsu, F. H. (2002). Deep Blue. Artificial Intelligence, 143(1-2), 57-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(01)00129-1
  • [13] Cellan-Jones, R. (2014, December 4). Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind. BBC News. Retrieved August 1, 2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540
  • [14] Cortés, U., Sànchez-Marrè, M., Ceccaroni, L., R-Roda, I., & Poch, M. (2000). Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Decision Support Systems. Applied Intelligence, 13, 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008331413864
  • [15] Epstein, S. L. (2015). Wanted: Collaborative intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 221, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2014.12.006
  • [16] Fjeld, J., Achten, N., Hilligoss, H., Nagy, A., & Srikumar, M. (2020). Principled Artificial Intelligence: Mapping Consensus in Ethical and Rights-Based Approaches to Principles for AI. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020-1. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3518482
  • [17] Goertzel, T. (2014). The path to more general artificial intelligence. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 26(3), 343-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2014.895106
  • [18] Good, I. J. (1966). Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine. Advances in Computer, 6, 31-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2458(08)60418-0
  • [19] Gruetzemacher, R. (2018). Rethinking AI Strategy and Policy as Entangled Super Wicked Problems. AIES '18: Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, {New Orleans/LA} USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278746
  • [20] Harari, Y. N. (2014). Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. Vintage.
  • [21] Harman, G. (2017). Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything. Pelican Random House.
  • [22] Hussain, A. (2009). Cognitive Computation: An introduction. Cognitive Computation, 1, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-009-9013-z [23] Ihde, D. & Malafouris, L. (2019). Homo faber Revisited: Postphenomenology and Material Engagement Theory. Philosophy and Technology. 32, 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-018-0321-7
  • [24] Iyer, G. R. (1999). Business, consumers and sustainable living in an interconnected world: A multilateral ecocentric approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006095304996
  • [25] Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1, 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2
  • [26] Latour, B. (1990). Technology is society made durable. The Sociological Review, 38, 103–131.
  • [27] Locke, J. (1690). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Book I -- Innate Notions. Early Modern Texts.
  • [28] Margolin, V. (1998). Design for a Sustainable World. Design Issues, 14(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511853
  • [29] Margolin, V. (2007). Design for development: towards a history. Design Studies, 28(2), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2006.11.008
  • [30] Mitchell, M., & Forrest, S. (1994). Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Life. Artificial Life, 1(3), 267-289. https://doi.org/10.1162/artl.1994.1.3.267
  • [31] Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World. University of Minnesota Press.
  • [32] Müller, V.C. (2012). Introduction: Philosophy and theory of artificial intelligence. Minds and Machines, 22, 67-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-012-9278-y
  • [33] Müller, V.C. (2014). Risks of general artificial intelligence. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 26(3), 297-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2014.895110
  • [34] Mylius, B. (2013). Towards the unthinkable: Earth jurisprudence and an ecocentric episteme. Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy, 38, 102-122.
  • [35] Naess, A. (1988). Deep Ecology and Ultimate Premises. Ecologist, 18(4-5), 128-31.
  • [36] Norton, B. (1994). Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an ecocentric approach. Ecological Economics, 10(3), 266-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8009(94)90114-7
  • [37] Pala, M., Mizenko, L., Mach, M., & Reed, T. (2014). Aeroponic Greenhouse as an Autonomous System Using Intelligent Space for Agriculture Robotics. In: Kim JH., Matson E., Myung H., Xu P., Karray F. (eds), Robot Intelligence Technology and Applications 2. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 274. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05582-4_7
  • [38] Pennachin, C., & Goertzel, B. (2007). Contemporary Approaches to Artificial General Intelligence. In: Goertzel B., Pennachin C. (eds), Artificial General Intelligence. Cognitive Technologies. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68677-4_1
  • [39] Säde, S. (2001). Towards User - Centred Design: A Method Development Project in a Product Design Consultancy. The Design Journal, 4(3), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.2752/146069201789389566
  • [40] Shanahan, M. (2015). The Technological Singularity. The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series.
  • [41] Thorn, P. D. (2015). Nick Bostrom: Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Minds and Machines, 25, 285-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-015-9377-7
  • [42] Torres, P. (2019). The possibility and risks of artificial general intelligence. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 75(3), 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2019.1604873
  • [43] United Nations (1992). United Nations Sustainable Development. Agenda 21: United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development & Environment.
  • [44] United Nations (2015). Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Conference of the Parties on Its Twenty-First Session.
  • [45] van Bodegraven, J. (2019). Brain Food AI Driven Design. Awwwards.books.
  • [46] Verdicchio, M., & Perin, A (2022). When Doctors and AI Interact: on Human Responsibility for Artificial Risks. Philosophy and Technology. 35(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00506-6
  • [47] Vinge, V. (1993). The coming technological singularity: How to survive in the post-human era. NASA. Lewis Research Center, Vision 21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace.
  • [48] Yurt, C. (2021, November 18). Interobjectivity for harmonious coexistence [Paper presentation]. 14th 4T International Design and Design History Symposium, Online.
Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 83 - 92, 30.06.2022

Abstract

References

  • [1] Albert, M. (2007). Practical Utopia: Strategies for a Desirable Society. PM Press.
  • [2] Aleksander, I. (1995). Artificial neuroconsciousness an update. In: Mira J., Sandoval F. (eds) From Natural to Artificial Neural Computation. IWANN 1995. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 930. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59497-3_224
  • [3] Amir, S. (2004). Rethinking Design Policy in the Third World. Design Issues, 20(4), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1162/0747936042311995
  • [4] Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0226025926.
  • [5] Barrett A. M., & Baum S. D. (2017). A model of pathways to artificial superintelligence catastrophe for risk and decision analysis, Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 29(2), 397-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2016.1186228
  • [6] Berberich, N., Nishida, T. & Suzuki, S. (2020). Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence for Social Good. Philosophy and Technology. 33, 613–638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00421-8
  • [7] Bostrom, N. (2002). Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards. Journal of Evolution and Technology, 9(1).
  • [8] Bostrom, N. (2009). The Future of Humanity. In: Olsen J.K.B., Selinger E., Riis S. (eds) New Waves in Philosophy of Technology. New Waves in Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230227279_10
  • [9] Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford University Press.
  • [10] Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The ethics of artificial intelligence. In The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139046855.020
  • [11] Brewka, G. (1996). Artificial intelligence—a modern approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Prentice Hall. Series in Artificial Intelligence, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 11(1), 78-79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888900007724
  • [12] Campbell, M., Hoane, A. J., & Hsu, F. H. (2002). Deep Blue. Artificial Intelligence, 143(1-2), 57-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(01)00129-1
  • [13] Cellan-Jones, R. (2014, December 4). Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind. BBC News. Retrieved August 1, 2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540
  • [14] Cortés, U., Sànchez-Marrè, M., Ceccaroni, L., R-Roda, I., & Poch, M. (2000). Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Decision Support Systems. Applied Intelligence, 13, 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008331413864
  • [15] Epstein, S. L. (2015). Wanted: Collaborative intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 221, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2014.12.006
  • [16] Fjeld, J., Achten, N., Hilligoss, H., Nagy, A., & Srikumar, M. (2020). Principled Artificial Intelligence: Mapping Consensus in Ethical and Rights-Based Approaches to Principles for AI. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020-1. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3518482
  • [17] Goertzel, T. (2014). The path to more general artificial intelligence. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 26(3), 343-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2014.895106
  • [18] Good, I. J. (1966). Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine. Advances in Computer, 6, 31-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2458(08)60418-0
  • [19] Gruetzemacher, R. (2018). Rethinking AI Strategy and Policy as Entangled Super Wicked Problems. AIES '18: Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, {New Orleans/LA} USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278746
  • [20] Harari, Y. N. (2014). Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. Vintage.
  • [21] Harman, G. (2017). Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything. Pelican Random House.
  • [22] Hussain, A. (2009). Cognitive Computation: An introduction. Cognitive Computation, 1, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-009-9013-z [23] Ihde, D. & Malafouris, L. (2019). Homo faber Revisited: Postphenomenology and Material Engagement Theory. Philosophy and Technology. 32, 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-018-0321-7
  • [24] Iyer, G. R. (1999). Business, consumers and sustainable living in an interconnected world: A multilateral ecocentric approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006095304996
  • [25] Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1, 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2
  • [26] Latour, B. (1990). Technology is society made durable. The Sociological Review, 38, 103–131.
  • [27] Locke, J. (1690). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Book I -- Innate Notions. Early Modern Texts.
  • [28] Margolin, V. (1998). Design for a Sustainable World. Design Issues, 14(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511853
  • [29] Margolin, V. (2007). Design for development: towards a history. Design Studies, 28(2), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2006.11.008
  • [30] Mitchell, M., & Forrest, S. (1994). Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Life. Artificial Life, 1(3), 267-289. https://doi.org/10.1162/artl.1994.1.3.267
  • [31] Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World. University of Minnesota Press.
  • [32] Müller, V.C. (2012). Introduction: Philosophy and theory of artificial intelligence. Minds and Machines, 22, 67-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-012-9278-y
  • [33] Müller, V.C. (2014). Risks of general artificial intelligence. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 26(3), 297-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2014.895110
  • [34] Mylius, B. (2013). Towards the unthinkable: Earth jurisprudence and an ecocentric episteme. Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy, 38, 102-122.
  • [35] Naess, A. (1988). Deep Ecology and Ultimate Premises. Ecologist, 18(4-5), 128-31.
  • [36] Norton, B. (1994). Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an ecocentric approach. Ecological Economics, 10(3), 266-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8009(94)90114-7
  • [37] Pala, M., Mizenko, L., Mach, M., & Reed, T. (2014). Aeroponic Greenhouse as an Autonomous System Using Intelligent Space for Agriculture Robotics. In: Kim JH., Matson E., Myung H., Xu P., Karray F. (eds), Robot Intelligence Technology and Applications 2. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 274. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05582-4_7
  • [38] Pennachin, C., & Goertzel, B. (2007). Contemporary Approaches to Artificial General Intelligence. In: Goertzel B., Pennachin C. (eds), Artificial General Intelligence. Cognitive Technologies. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68677-4_1
  • [39] Säde, S. (2001). Towards User - Centred Design: A Method Development Project in a Product Design Consultancy. The Design Journal, 4(3), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.2752/146069201789389566
  • [40] Shanahan, M. (2015). The Technological Singularity. The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series.
  • [41] Thorn, P. D. (2015). Nick Bostrom: Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Minds and Machines, 25, 285-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-015-9377-7
  • [42] Torres, P. (2019). The possibility and risks of artificial general intelligence. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 75(3), 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2019.1604873
  • [43] United Nations (1992). United Nations Sustainable Development. Agenda 21: United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development & Environment.
  • [44] United Nations (2015). Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Conference of the Parties on Its Twenty-First Session.
  • [45] van Bodegraven, J. (2019). Brain Food AI Driven Design. Awwwards.books.
  • [46] Verdicchio, M., & Perin, A (2022). When Doctors and AI Interact: on Human Responsibility for Artificial Risks. Philosophy and Technology. 35(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00506-6
  • [47] Vinge, V. (1993). The coming technological singularity: How to survive in the post-human era. NASA. Lewis Research Center, Vision 21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace.
  • [48] Yurt, C. (2021, November 18). Interobjectivity for harmonious coexistence [Paper presentation]. 14th 4T International Design and Design History Symposium, Online.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Industrial Design
Authors

Canberk Yurt 0000-0002-1691-5083

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date April 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yurt, C. (2022). Re-formation of the Ecosystem from the Perspective of the Artificial Consciousness:. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 10(2), 83-92.