Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 287 - 301, 30.09.2022

Abstract

References

  • [1] Lampard E. E. (1955). The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas. Econ Dev Cult Change [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 28];3(2):81–136. Available from: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/449680
  • [2] James F. J, Romine J. A., Zwanzig P. E. (1998). The Effects of Immigration on Urban Communities. Cityscape [Internet]. 1998 [cited 2022 Jun 28];3(3):171–92. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20868463?seq=1
  • [3] Meredith S. (2018). Two-thirds of global population will live in cities by 2050, UN says [Internet]. Cnbc. 2018 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. p. 1–6. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/17/two-thirds-of-global-population-will-live-in-cities-by-2050-un-says.html
  • [4] Coburn A., Vartanian O., Chatterjee A. (2017). Buildings, beauty, and the brain: A neuroscience of architectural experience. Neuroethics Publications 29(9):1521–31.
  • [5] Tekin İ, Akpınar İ. (2014). Betonarmenin Anonimleşmesi: Türkiye’de İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası Yapılı Çevrenin İnşası. Mimarlık 377. Available from: http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=391&RecID=3404
  • [6] de Botton A. Why is the Modern World So Ugly? [Internet]. The School of Life. 2021 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.theschooloflife.com/article/why-is-the-modern-world-so-ugly/?fbclid=IwAR2O-FvbBlJvqv_oFvZd4Xny8oDnpsc9xT43noy2e6jwcCreiyermrSGoh4
  • [7] Peen J., Schoevers R. A., Beekman A. T, Dekker J. (2010). The current status of urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders [Internet]. Vol. 121, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. p. 84–93. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01438.x
  • [8] Chen Z., Liu M., Zhang S., Xiong Z., Zhong X., Yang D., et al. Urban index and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in China: A cross-sectional study. Sci Prog. 104(1).
  • [9] Pearce M. T., Zaidel D. W., Vartanian O., Skov M., Leder H., Chatterjee A., et al. (2016). Neuroaesthetics: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience. Perspect Psychol Sci. 11(2):265–79.
  • [10] Eberhard J.P. (2009). Applying Neuroscience to Architecture. Vol. 62, Neuron. Cell Press; 2009. p. 753–6.
  • [11] Dance A. (2017). The brain within buildings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(5):785–7. Available from: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1620658114
  • [12] Adli M, Berger M, Brakemeier EL, Engel L, Fingerhut J, Gomez-Carrillo A, et al. (2017). Neurourbanism: towards a new discipline. The Lancet Psychiatry. 4(3):183–5.
  • [13] Berg K. (2020). Sağlıklı kentler: nero şehircilik araştırma dalının hedefi [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.deutschland.de/tr/topic/cevre/saglikli-kentler-nero-sehircilik-arastirma-dalinin-hedefi
  • [14] Ritchie I. (2021) Designing with the Mind in Mind. Designing with the Mind in Mind. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
  • [15] Camargo A., Artus J., Spiers H. J. (2021). Neuroscience:A Playbook for Placemakers. Connect Places Catapult [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Jun 28]; Available from: https://neuro-architectology.com/neuroscience-a-playbook-for-placemakers/
  • [16] Rooney K. K, Condia R. J., Loschky L. C. (2017). Focal and ambient processing of built environments: Intellectual and atmospheric experiences of architecture. Front Psychol. 16;8:326.
  • [17] CR U. Diagram showing the lobes of the brain (2022). [Internet]. Wikimedia Commons. [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_showing_the_lobes_of_the_brain_CRUK_308.svg
  • [18] Jeffery K. (2019). Urban Architecture: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective. Des J. 2;22(6):853–72.
  • [19] Higuera-Trujillo JL, Llinares C, Macagno E. (2022). The cognitive-emotional design and study of architectural space: A scoping review of neuroarchitecture and its precursor approaches [Internet]. Vol. 21, Sensors. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2021 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. p. 1–47. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2193/htm
  • [20] de Paiva A, Jedon R. (2019). Short- and long-term effects of architecture on the brain: Toward theoretical formalization. Front Archit Res. 2019 Dec 1;8(4):564–71.
  • [21] Kaplan R, Kaplan S. (1989). The experience of nature: a psychological perspective. Exp Nat a Psychol Perspect.
  • [22] Mehaffy M. (2012). Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. Proc Inst Civ Eng - Urban Des Plan [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2022 Jun 28];165(3):193–193. Available from: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Biophilic+Design%3A+The+Theory%2C+Science+and+Practice+of+Bringing+Buildings+to+Life-p-9780470163344
  • [23] Yan W. (2019). Neuroscience Informs Design, Now What? Towards an Awe-inspiring Spatial Design. Conscious Cities Anthol. 2019 Oct 7;2019(1).
  • [24] Olszewska-Guizzo A. (2021). Neuroscience-Based Urban Design for Mentally Healthy Cities. In: Urban Health and Wellbeing Programme Policy. p. 13–6.
  • [25] Myers Z. (2019). Wildness and wellbeing: Nature, neuroscience, and urban design. Wildness and Wellbeing: Nature, Neuroscience, and Urban Design. 1–153 p.
  • [26] Berg K. (2020). Şehir planlaması ve iklim değişikliği | Şehirleri serinleştirmeye yönelik fikirler [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.deutschland.de/tr/topic/cevre/sehir-planlamasi-ve-iklim-degisikligi-sehirleri-serinlestirmeye-yonelik-fikirler
  • [27] Anderson A. P., Mayer M.D., Fellows AM, Cowan DR, Hegel MT, Buckey JC. (2017) Relaxation with immersive natural scenes presented using virtual reality. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 1;88(6):520–6.
  • [28] LeDoux JE. (2022). Cognitive—emotional interactions in the brain. Cogn Emot [Internet]. 1989 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Jun 28];3(4):267–89. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699938908412709
  • [29] Higuera-Trujillo JL, Llinares C, Macagno E. (2021). The cognitive-emotional design and study of architectural space: A scoping review of neuroarchitecture and its precursor approaches [Internet]. Vol. 21, Sensors. Sensors (Basel); 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 28]. p. 1–47. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801037/
  • [30] Evans JC (1992). (Jon C (Jon C. Imminence and immanence : embodied meaning in architectural experience. Art [Internet]. 1992 [cited 2022 Jun 29]; Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Imminence-and-immanence-%3A-embodied-meaning-in-Evans/21b5876a6f06977b403f16ec7e4e7ef0dd021b42
  • [31] Urban Food Street. (2015). Urban Food Street [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29]. Available from: http://www.urbanfoodstreet.com/
  • [32] Ellard C. (2020). Neuroscience, Wellbeing, and Urban Design: Our Universal Attraction to Vitality. Psychol Res Urban Soc. 26;3(1):6.
  • [33] Kostrzewska M. (2017). Activating Public Space: How to Promote Physical Activity in Urban Environment. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering [Internet]. IOP Publishing; 2017 [cited 2022 Jun 29]. p. 052074. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052074
  • [34] Schoentgen B, Gagliardi G, Défontaines B. (2020). Environmental and Cognitive Enrichment in Childhood as Protective Factors in the Adult and Aging Brain. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2020 Jul 21 [cited 2022 Jun 29];11. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7385286/
  • [35] Errett J, Bowden EE, Choiniere M, Wang LM. (2006). Effects of noise on productivity: Does performance decrease over time? In: AEI 2006: Building Integration Solutions - Proceedings of the 2006 Architectural Engineering National Conference [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29]. p. 18. Available from: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/archengfacpub/13
  • [36] Martin PR, Reece J, Forsyth M. (2006). Noise as a trigger for headaches: Relationship between exposure and sensitivity. Headache [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29];46(6):962–72. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00468.x
  • [37] Kanakri SM, Shepley M, Varni JW, Tassinary LG. (2017). Noise and autism spectrum disorder in children: An exploratory survey. Research in Developmental Disabilities 63:85–94.
  • [38] Chepesiuk R. (2009). Missing the dark: Health effects of light pollution. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117(1).
  • [39] Kampa M, Castanas E. (2008). Human health effects of air pollution. Vol. 151, Environmental Pollution. Elsevier; p. 362–7.
  • [40] Jebelli H, Khalili MM, Lee S. (2018).Mobile EEG-based Workers’ Stress Recognition by Applying Deep Neural Network. In: Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327043710_Mobile_EEG-based_Workers’_Stress_Recognition_by_Applying_Deep_Neural_Network
  • [41] McCay L, Bremer I, Endale T, Jannati M, Yi J. (2017). Urban Design and Mental Health. In Springer, Singapore; [cited 2022 Jun 27]. p. 421–44. Available from: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-981-10-2327-9_12
  • [42] Zarif H, Nicolas S, Petit-Paitel A, Chabry J, Guyon A. (2018). How Does an Enriched Environment Impact Hippocampus Brain Plasticity? In: The Hippocampus - Plasticity and Functions. In https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/57451

Neuroscience and the Cities: Neurourbanism

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 287 - 301, 30.09.2022

Abstract

Cities are settlements where many people live together and whose population is constantly growing. Due to the rise of urbanization, the number of buildings in the cities has increased rapidly. The structures in the cities have been designed quickly and at low cost, often without considering human emotions and health. It has been observed that most of the people living in the cities have faced with some physical, mental and spiritual problems resulting from some aspects that have been ignored in the buildings or urban planning. In recent years, it has been pointed out that human health should also be taken into account when planning cities. The concept of neurourbanism emerged when neuroscience, which is an interdisciplinary branch of science, became the target of urban studies. Neurourbanism gives information about how an ideal urban design should be, by measuring and detecting the changes created by different urban spaces on the human body. In this study, the issues to be considered in the design of an ideal city were discussed under four main headings: navigation, nature interaction, embodied experiences, and environmental stressors and mental health.

References

  • [1] Lampard E. E. (1955). The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas. Econ Dev Cult Change [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 28];3(2):81–136. Available from: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/449680
  • [2] James F. J, Romine J. A., Zwanzig P. E. (1998). The Effects of Immigration on Urban Communities. Cityscape [Internet]. 1998 [cited 2022 Jun 28];3(3):171–92. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20868463?seq=1
  • [3] Meredith S. (2018). Two-thirds of global population will live in cities by 2050, UN says [Internet]. Cnbc. 2018 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. p. 1–6. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/17/two-thirds-of-global-population-will-live-in-cities-by-2050-un-says.html
  • [4] Coburn A., Vartanian O., Chatterjee A. (2017). Buildings, beauty, and the brain: A neuroscience of architectural experience. Neuroethics Publications 29(9):1521–31.
  • [5] Tekin İ, Akpınar İ. (2014). Betonarmenin Anonimleşmesi: Türkiye’de İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası Yapılı Çevrenin İnşası. Mimarlık 377. Available from: http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=391&RecID=3404
  • [6] de Botton A. Why is the Modern World So Ugly? [Internet]. The School of Life. 2021 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.theschooloflife.com/article/why-is-the-modern-world-so-ugly/?fbclid=IwAR2O-FvbBlJvqv_oFvZd4Xny8oDnpsc9xT43noy2e6jwcCreiyermrSGoh4
  • [7] Peen J., Schoevers R. A., Beekman A. T, Dekker J. (2010). The current status of urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders [Internet]. Vol. 121, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. p. 84–93. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01438.x
  • [8] Chen Z., Liu M., Zhang S., Xiong Z., Zhong X., Yang D., et al. Urban index and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in China: A cross-sectional study. Sci Prog. 104(1).
  • [9] Pearce M. T., Zaidel D. W., Vartanian O., Skov M., Leder H., Chatterjee A., et al. (2016). Neuroaesthetics: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience. Perspect Psychol Sci. 11(2):265–79.
  • [10] Eberhard J.P. (2009). Applying Neuroscience to Architecture. Vol. 62, Neuron. Cell Press; 2009. p. 753–6.
  • [11] Dance A. (2017). The brain within buildings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(5):785–7. Available from: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1620658114
  • [12] Adli M, Berger M, Brakemeier EL, Engel L, Fingerhut J, Gomez-Carrillo A, et al. (2017). Neurourbanism: towards a new discipline. The Lancet Psychiatry. 4(3):183–5.
  • [13] Berg K. (2020). Sağlıklı kentler: nero şehircilik araştırma dalının hedefi [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.deutschland.de/tr/topic/cevre/saglikli-kentler-nero-sehircilik-arastirma-dalinin-hedefi
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  • [15] Camargo A., Artus J., Spiers H. J. (2021). Neuroscience:A Playbook for Placemakers. Connect Places Catapult [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Jun 28]; Available from: https://neuro-architectology.com/neuroscience-a-playbook-for-placemakers/
  • [16] Rooney K. K, Condia R. J., Loschky L. C. (2017). Focal and ambient processing of built environments: Intellectual and atmospheric experiences of architecture. Front Psychol. 16;8:326.
  • [17] CR U. Diagram showing the lobes of the brain (2022). [Internet]. Wikimedia Commons. [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_showing_the_lobes_of_the_brain_CRUK_308.svg
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  • [19] Higuera-Trujillo JL, Llinares C, Macagno E. (2022). The cognitive-emotional design and study of architectural space: A scoping review of neuroarchitecture and its precursor approaches [Internet]. Vol. 21, Sensors. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2021 [cited 2022 Jun 28]. p. 1–47. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2193/htm
  • [20] de Paiva A, Jedon R. (2019). Short- and long-term effects of architecture on the brain: Toward theoretical formalization. Front Archit Res. 2019 Dec 1;8(4):564–71.
  • [21] Kaplan R, Kaplan S. (1989). The experience of nature: a psychological perspective. Exp Nat a Psychol Perspect.
  • [22] Mehaffy M. (2012). Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. Proc Inst Civ Eng - Urban Des Plan [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2022 Jun 28];165(3):193–193. Available from: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Biophilic+Design%3A+The+Theory%2C+Science+and+Practice+of+Bringing+Buildings+to+Life-p-9780470163344
  • [23] Yan W. (2019). Neuroscience Informs Design, Now What? Towards an Awe-inspiring Spatial Design. Conscious Cities Anthol. 2019 Oct 7;2019(1).
  • [24] Olszewska-Guizzo A. (2021). Neuroscience-Based Urban Design for Mentally Healthy Cities. In: Urban Health and Wellbeing Programme Policy. p. 13–6.
  • [25] Myers Z. (2019). Wildness and wellbeing: Nature, neuroscience, and urban design. Wildness and Wellbeing: Nature, Neuroscience, and Urban Design. 1–153 p.
  • [26] Berg K. (2020). Şehir planlaması ve iklim değişikliği | Şehirleri serinleştirmeye yönelik fikirler [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.deutschland.de/tr/topic/cevre/sehir-planlamasi-ve-iklim-degisikligi-sehirleri-serinlestirmeye-yonelik-fikirler
  • [27] Anderson A. P., Mayer M.D., Fellows AM, Cowan DR, Hegel MT, Buckey JC. (2017) Relaxation with immersive natural scenes presented using virtual reality. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 1;88(6):520–6.
  • [28] LeDoux JE. (2022). Cognitive—emotional interactions in the brain. Cogn Emot [Internet]. 1989 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Jun 28];3(4):267–89. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699938908412709
  • [29] Higuera-Trujillo JL, Llinares C, Macagno E. (2021). The cognitive-emotional design and study of architectural space: A scoping review of neuroarchitecture and its precursor approaches [Internet]. Vol. 21, Sensors. Sensors (Basel); 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 28]. p. 1–47. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801037/
  • [30] Evans JC (1992). (Jon C (Jon C. Imminence and immanence : embodied meaning in architectural experience. Art [Internet]. 1992 [cited 2022 Jun 29]; Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Imminence-and-immanence-%3A-embodied-meaning-in-Evans/21b5876a6f06977b403f16ec7e4e7ef0dd021b42
  • [31] Urban Food Street. (2015). Urban Food Street [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29]. Available from: http://www.urbanfoodstreet.com/
  • [32] Ellard C. (2020). Neuroscience, Wellbeing, and Urban Design: Our Universal Attraction to Vitality. Psychol Res Urban Soc. 26;3(1):6.
  • [33] Kostrzewska M. (2017). Activating Public Space: How to Promote Physical Activity in Urban Environment. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering [Internet]. IOP Publishing; 2017 [cited 2022 Jun 29]. p. 052074. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052074
  • [34] Schoentgen B, Gagliardi G, Défontaines B. (2020). Environmental and Cognitive Enrichment in Childhood as Protective Factors in the Adult and Aging Brain. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2020 Jul 21 [cited 2022 Jun 29];11. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7385286/
  • [35] Errett J, Bowden EE, Choiniere M, Wang LM. (2006). Effects of noise on productivity: Does performance decrease over time? In: AEI 2006: Building Integration Solutions - Proceedings of the 2006 Architectural Engineering National Conference [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29]. p. 18. Available from: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/archengfacpub/13
  • [36] Martin PR, Reece J, Forsyth M. (2006). Noise as a trigger for headaches: Relationship between exposure and sensitivity. Headache [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29];46(6):962–72. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00468.x
  • [37] Kanakri SM, Shepley M, Varni JW, Tassinary LG. (2017). Noise and autism spectrum disorder in children: An exploratory survey. Research in Developmental Disabilities 63:85–94.
  • [38] Chepesiuk R. (2009). Missing the dark: Health effects of light pollution. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117(1).
  • [39] Kampa M, Castanas E. (2008). Human health effects of air pollution. Vol. 151, Environmental Pollution. Elsevier; p. 362–7.
  • [40] Jebelli H, Khalili MM, Lee S. (2018).Mobile EEG-based Workers’ Stress Recognition by Applying Deep Neural Network. In: Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327043710_Mobile_EEG-based_Workers’_Stress_Recognition_by_Applying_Deep_Neural_Network
  • [41] McCay L, Bremer I, Endale T, Jannati M, Yi J. (2017). Urban Design and Mental Health. In Springer, Singapore; [cited 2022 Jun 27]. p. 421–44. Available from: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-981-10-2327-9_12
  • [42] Zarif H, Nicolas S, Petit-Paitel A, Chabry J, Guyon A. (2018). How Does an Enriched Environment Impact Hippocampus Brain Plasticity? In: The Hippocampus - Plasticity and Functions. In https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/57451
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Architecture
Authors

Sezgi Giray Küçük 0000-0002-4556-4331

Hande Yüceer This is me 0000-0001-9027-5291

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Submission Date July 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Giray Küçük, S., & Yüceer, H. (2022). Neuroscience and the Cities: Neurourbanism. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 10(3), 287-301.