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Job Search And Occupational Gender Segregation In The Informal Labour Market: The Case Of Beypazari, Turkey

Year 2013, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 31 - 47, 02.04.2013

Abstract

In the 1980s, especially in the developed economies, tourism became a viable strategy to be competitive. The tourism-led local economy of Beypazarı (Turkey) is an important case, which has faced a booming of the traditional food production sector, that in turn led to the gender based segregation of the female within the sector. This study is designed to explain how social contacts influence the matching of jobs to female workers with respect to gender structure and spatial and social relationships. The in-depth interviews show that job search processes, especially community based social contacts, together with active role of municipality have further segregated older, less educated, less skilled and cheaper female labour.

Key words: Beypazari, informal female labour, job segregation, social networks, traditional food production, Turkey

References

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Year 2013, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 31 - 47, 02.04.2013

Abstract

References

  • Abadan-Unat, N. Women, “In The Developing World: Evidence From Turkey”, University Of Denver Press, Denver (1986).
  • Agarwal, S., “Global-Local Interactions In English Coastal Tourism Geographies, 7.4: 351–72 (2005). Perspectives”,
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  • Aydin, T., “Assesment Of Institutional Thickness Within The Context Of Tourism-Led Local Economic Development: The Case Of Beypazari”, Unpublished Technical University, Çankaya Ankara, Turkey. (2007). Middle East
  • Bailey, T., Waldinger, R., “Primary, Secondary, And Enclave Labour Markets: A Training Systems Approach”, American Sociological Review, 56.4: 432–45 (1991).
  • Barnett, W., Baron, J., Stuart, T., “Avenues Of Occupational Attainment: Organizational Careers In The California Civil Service”, American Journal Of Sociology, 106.1: 88–144 (2000). Demography And
  • Bauder, H., “Culture In The Labour Market: Segmentation Theory And Perspectives Of Place”, Progress In Human Geography, 251: 37–52 (2001).
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  • Coleman, J. S., “Social Capital In The Creation Of Human Capital”, American Journal Of Sociology, 94: 95–120 (1988). [22] Del-Rio, C., Alonso-Villar,
  • Segregation In The Spanish Labour Market: An Alternative
  • Research, 98.2: 337–62 (2010). O., “Gender Approach”, Social Indicators
  • Dpt., “Research On Socio- And Economic Development Ranking Of Districts”, Ankara (2004).
  • Doeringer, P.B., Piore, M.J., “Internal Labor Market And Manpower Analysis”, D.C. Heath And Company, Lexington, Ma. (1971).
  • Dolado, J.J., “Ed. Where Do Women Work? Analysing Patterns In Occupational Segregation By Gender”, Annals Of Economics And Statistics, 71: 293–315 (2003).
  • Drentea, P., “Consequences Of Women’s Formal And Employment In Female-Dominated Jobs”, Gender & Society, 12.3: 321–38 (1998). Methods For
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  • England, K. V. L., “Suburban Pink Collar Ghettos: The Spatial Entrapment Of Women?”, Annals Of The Association Of American Geographers, 83.2: 225–42 (1993).
  • England, K. V. L., “Girls In The Office: Recruiting And Job Search In A Local Clerical Labor Market”, Environment And Planning, A 27.12, 1195–2018 (1995).
  • Fernandez-Kelly, M. P., “Social And Cultural Capital In The Urban Ghetto: Implications For The Economic Sociology Of Immigration. In: A. Portes (Ed.)”, The Economic Sociology Of Immigration: Essays Entrepreneurship, Russell Sage, New York, 213– 47 (1995). Ethnicity, And
  • Fischer, C. S., “To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks In Town And City”, University Of Chicago Press, Chicago. (1982).
  • Fischer, C. S., And Oliker, S. ,”A Research Note On Friendship, Gender, And The Life Cycle”, Social Forces, 62.1: 124–33 (1983).
  • Gordon, D. M., Ed. “Segmented Work, Divided Workers: The Historical Transformation Of Labour In The United States”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (1982).
  • Granovetter, M. The Strength Of Weak Ties. American Journal Of Sociology 78.6: 1360–88 (1973).
  • Granovetter, M., “Getting A Job: A Study Of Contacts And Careers”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ma. (1974).
  • Granovetter, M., “Toward A Sociological Theory Of Income Differences. In: I. Berg (Ed.)”, Sociological Perspectives On Labor Markets, Academic Press, New York, 11–48 (1981).
  • Granovetter, M., “Economic Action And Social Structure: The Problem Of Embeddedness”, American Journal Of Sociology, 91.3: 481–510 (1985).
  • Gruber, J. E., “The Impact Of Male Work Environments And Organizational Policies On Women’s Experience Of Sexual Harassment”, Gender & Society, 12.3: 301–20 (1998).
  • Hanson, S., Pratt, G., “Spatial Dimensions Of The Gender Division Of Labour In A Local Labour Market”, Urban Geography, 9.2: 180–202 (1988).
  • Hanson, S., Johnston, I., “Gender Differences In Length: Work Implications”, Urban Geography, 6.3: 193–219 Explanations And
  • Hanson, S., Pratt, G., “Dynamic Dependencies: A Geographic Investigation Of Local Labour Markets”, Economic Geography, 68.4: 373–405 (1992).
  • Hanson, S., Pratt, G., “Job Search And The Occupational Segregation Of Women”, Annals Of The Association Of American Geographers, 81.2: 229–53 (1991).
  • Hanson, S., Pratt, G., “Gender, Work, And Space”, Routledge, London (1995).
  • Hellerstein, J. K., Ed. “Neighbours And Co- Workers: The Importance Of Residential Labour Market Networks”, Nber Working Paper, No. 09– 01 (2009).
  • Ilkkaracan, I., “Kentli Kadınlar Ve Çalışma Yaşamı, Bilanço 98,75 Yılda Kadınlar Ve Erkekler”, Tarih Vakfi Yayinlari, Istanbul (1998).
  • Immergluck, D., “Neighborhood Economic Development And Local Working: The Effect Of Nearby Jobs On Where Residents Work”, Economic Geography, 74.2, 170–87 (1998).
  • Jacobs, J. A., “Long Term Trends In Occupational Segregation By Sex”, American Journal Of Sociology, 95.1: 160–73 (1989).
  • Jacobs, J. A., Lim, S. T., “Trends In Occupational And Industrial Sex Segregation In 56 Countries, 1960–1080”, Work And Occupations, 19.4, 450– 86 (1992).
  • Johnston-Anumonwo, I., “The Journey To Work And Occupational Segregation Of Women”, Urban Geography, 9.2:138–54 (1988).
  • Kahn, L. M., “The Returns To Job Search: A Test Of Two Models”, Review Of Economics And Statistics, 60.4:496–503 (1978).
  • Kanter, R. M., “Men And Women Of The Corporation”, Basic Books, New York (1977).
  • Kasnakoğlu, Z, Dayioğlu, M., “Female Labour Force Participation And Earnings Differentials Between Genders In Turkey. In: H. M. Rives And M. Yousefi (Eds.)”, Economic Dimensions Of Gender Inequality: A Global Perspective, Praeger, Westport, Ct, 95– 117 (1997).
  • Kaufman, B. E., “How Labour Markets Work”, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York (1988).
  • Kardam, F. And Toksoz, G., “Gender Based Discrimination At Work In Turkey: A Cross- Sectoral Overview”, Ankara University, Faculty Of Political Sciences Journal, 59.4.: 151–72 (2004).
  • Koçak, S., “Gender Discrimination In The Turkish Labour Market”, Unpublished Thesis (Phd), De Montfort University, Leicester, Uk (1999).
  • Lippman, S. A., Mccall, J. I., “The Economics Of Job Search: A Survey”, Economic Inquiry, 14.2: 155–89 (1976).
  • Major, B., Konar, E., “An Investigation Of Sex Differences In Pay Expectations And Their Possible Causes”, Academy Of Management Journal, 27.4: 777–92 (1984).
  • Maume, D.V., Houston, J. P., “Job Segregation And Gender Differences In Work-Family Spillover Among White- Collar Workers”, Journal Of Family And Economic Issues, 22.2: 171–89 (2001).
  • Marini, M. M., Brinton, M. C., “Sex Stereotyping In Occupational Socialization”, In B. F. Reskin (Ed.), Sex Segregation In The Work Place: Trends, Explanations, And Remedities, National Academy Press, Washington Dc, 192–232 (1984).
  • Marini, M. M., “Sex Differences In Earnings In The United States”, Annual Review Of Sociology, 15: 343–80 (1989).
  • Marsden, P., “Core Discussion Networks Of Americans”, American Sociological Review, 52.1: 122–31 (1987).
  • Marshall, J., “Organization Cultures: Attempting Change Often Means More Of The Same”, The Journal: Management, 3, 4–6 (1992). Organizations And
  • Mattingly, D. J., “Job Search, Social Networks, And Local Labour Market Dynamics: The Case Of Paid Household Work In San Diego, California”, Urban Geography, 20.1: 46–74 (1999).
  • Mcpherson, J. M., Lynn, S. L., “Women And Weak Ties: Differences By Sex In The Size Of Voluntary Organizations”, American Journal Of Sociology , 87.4: 883–904 (1982).
  • Mcpherson, J. M., Lynn, S. L., “Sex Segregation In Sociological Review, 51.1: 61–80 (1986). American
  • Mencken, F.C., Winfield, I., “Job Search And Sex Segregation: Does Sex Of Social Contact Matter?”, Sex Roles, 42.9: 847–64 (2000).
  • Moore, G., “Structural Determinants Of Men’s And Women’s Personal Networks”, American Sociological Review, 55.5:726–35 (1990).
  • Olfert, M. R., Moebis, D. M., “The Spatial Gender Economy Segregation”, The Review Of Regional Studies, 36.1: 44–62 (2006). Based Occupational
  • Özmen, C. A., “Efforts And Effects Of Local Economic Development: The Case Of Beypazari”, Unpublished Technical University, Çankaya Ankara, Turkey Middle East
  • Pahl, R. E., “Some Remarks On Informal Work, Social Polarization And The Social Structure”, International Journal Of Urban And Regional Research, 12.2:247–67 (1988).
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section City and Regional Planning
Authors

Fatma Erdoganaras This is me

Nilgun Gorertamer

Ulku Duman Yuksel This is me

Publication Date April 2, 2013
Submission Date April 2, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erdoganaras, F., Gorertamer, N., & Duman Yuksel, U. (2013). Job Search And Occupational Gender Segregation In The Informal Labour Market: The Case Of Beypazari, Turkey. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 1(2), 31-47.