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Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 589 - 604, 29.09.2023

Abstract

References

  • [1] Akbari, H. (2021). Explotary Social Spatial Network Analysis of Global Migration Structure. Social Networks, 64, 181-193.
  • [2] Corbett, J. (2003). Ernest George Ravenstein, The Laws of Migration, 1885. CSISS Classics. UC Santa Barbara: Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3018p230
  • [3] Day, J. (2020). The Process of Internal Migration in England and Wales, 1851-1911: Updating Ravenstein and the Step-Migration Hypothesis. Comparative Population Studies, 44, 447-496. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2020-13en
  • [4] Grigg, D. B. (1977). EG Ravenstein and the “laws of migration”. Journal of Historical Geography, 3(1),41-54.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(77)90143-8AccessAddress: https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib4/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/2584/Grigg%20on%20Ravenstein.pdf
  • [5] Evaluation of UNHCR’s Emergency Response to the influx of Syrian Refugees into Turkey. (URL-1). https://www.unhcr.org/media/evaluation-unhcrs-emergency-response-influx-syrian-refugees-turkey-full-report. Last Accessed: 09.06.2023
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  • [10] Tesfai, A.; Meyer-Weitz, A.; Hynie, M.(2023). Human Rights Violations and Mistrust among Refugees in South Africa: Implications for Public Health during the COVID Pandemic Social Sciences, 12(4) MDPI DOI: 10.3390/socsci12040224.
  • [11] Zardo, Federica, Lydia Rössl, and Christina Khoury. (2023). Adapting to Crisis: The Governance of Public Services for Migrants and Refugees during COVID-19 in Four European Cities. Social Sciences, 12: 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ socsci12040213
  • [12] Meyer, F.; Winkler, O.(2023) Place of Residence Does Matter for Educational Integration: The Relevance of Spatial Contexts for Refugees’ Transition to VET in Germany. Social Sciences, March 2023, 12(3) MDPI DOI: 10.3390/socsci12030120
  • [13] Crapolicchio, E.; Matuella, M.; Carones, G.; Marzana, D.; Regalia, C. (2023) Identity Threats and Individual, Relational, and Social Resources among Refugees in Italy. Social Sciences, March 2023, 12(3). MDPI DOI: 10.3390/socsci12030149
  • [14] Olliff, L.; Lino Lejukole, J.; Munyonge, E.; Saidi, I.; Treuren, G.J.M.; Baak, M.; Baddeley, M.. (2022). “We will start building from that”: Social capital, social networks and African migrants’ job-seeking experiences in Australia. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 57(3):725-742. John Wiley and Sons Inc. DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.205 , [15] Soehl, T.; Haren I. V. (2023) “The effect of social capital on migrant labor market success: Evidence from refugee sponsorship in Canada” Ethnic and Racial Studies,63(1), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-291X-2022-01-02
  • [16] Koburtay, T., Refai, D., & Haloub, R. (2020). The role of cultural pressures and group favouritism in shaping Syrian refugees’ identity in the Jordanian work environment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 79, 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.08.002
  • [17] Koyama, J. (2013). Resettling notions of social mobility: locating refugees as “educable” and “employable.” British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(5–6), 947-965. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2013.816033
  • [18] Kazlou, A.; Wennberg, K. (2023). How kinship resources alleviate structural disadvantage: self-employment duration among refugees and labor migrants. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 17(1), 16-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-03-2020-00254
  • [19] Tartakovsky, E.; Walsh, S.D.(2022). Positive and negative social contacts with immigrants from different groups: Investigating the role of group appraisal and opportunity for contact using network analysis. International Journal of Psychology, 57(4):511-523. John Wiley and Sons Inc DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12831.
  • [20] Noble I. (2019). Contemporary Religiosity and the Absence of Solidarity With Those in Need. Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics, 13(2), DOI 10.2478/jnmlp-2019-0010
  • [21] Çalı, B. (2017). All You Need Is Time? Discrepancies between the European Court of Human Rights Case Law and Liberal Normative Theory on Long-Term Migrants. Israel Law Review , 50(3) ,447 – 497.
  • [22] Hannafi, C.; Marouani, M. A. (2023). Social integration of Syrian refugees and their intention to stay in Germany. Journal of Population Economics, 36(2), 581-607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-022-00913-1
  • [23] Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431–466. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462.
  • [24] Massey, Douglas S., and Kristin E. Espinosa. (1997). “What’s Driving Mexico-U.S. Migration? A Theoretical, Empirical, and Policy Analysis.” American Journal of Sociology ,102 (4), 939-999. doi:10.1086/231037.
  • [25] Fisher, K.E. (2022). People First, Data Second: A Humanitarian Research Framework for Fieldwork with Refugees by War Zones. Comput Supported Coop Work, 31, 237–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-022-09425-8
  • [26] Wasserman, S. ve Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • [27] Granovetter, M.S. (1977). The strength of weak ties. Leinhardt S. (Ed.), Social networks: a developing paradigm. (pp.347-367). Academic Press, New York, pp 347–367. https ://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-44245 0-0.50025 -0
  • [28] Cheng, D., Cheng, F., Zhou, Z. ve Wu, Y. (2020). Reaching a minimum adjustment consensus in social network group decision-making. Information Fusion, 59, 30-43.
  • [29] Rahman, M., Aydin, E., Haffar, M. ve Nwagbara, U. (2020). The role of social media in e-recruitment process: Empirical evidence from developing countries in social network theory. Journal of Enterprise Information Management.
  • [30] Breiger, R. L. (1997). The Duality of Persons and Groups. In B. Wellman & S. D. Berkowitz (Eds.), Social structures: a network approach (pp. 83–98). Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
  • [31] Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-58). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  • [32] Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94(1), 95-120.
  • [33] Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • [34] Granovetter, M. (1973). “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology. 78,1360– 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/225469.
  • [35] Lin, N. (2002). Social capital: A theory of social structure and action (Vol. 19). Cambridge university press.
  • [36] Burt, R. S. (1982). Toward a Structural Theory of Action: Network Models of Social Structure, Perception, and Action. New York: Academic Press.
  • [37] Portes, A. (1998). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 1–24.
  • [38] Drever, A. I.; Hoffmeister, O. (2008). Immigrants and social networks in a job-scarce environment: The case of Germany. International Migration Review, 42, 425–448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00130.x.
  • [39] Lancee, B. (2010). The economic returns of immigrants' bonding and bridging social capital: The case of the Netherlands. International Migration Review, 44, 202–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00803.x.
  • [40] Laurence, J. (2011). The effect of ethnic diversity and community disadvantage on social cohesion: A multi-level analysis of social capital and interethnic relations in UK communities. European Sociological Review, 27, 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp057.
  • [41] Li, P. S. (2004). Social capital and economic outcomes for immigrants and ethnic minorities. Journal of International Migration and Integration,5,171–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-004-1008-8.
  • [42] Nannestad, P., Svendsen, G. L.; Svendsen, G. T. (2008). Bridge over troubled water? Migration and social capital. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34, 607–631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830801961621.
  • [43] Oral, R.; Somerville, K.; Walsworth, S. (2023) Building, negotiating and sustaining transnational social networks: Narratives of international students' migration decisions in Canada Global Networks-A Journal Of Transnational Affairs; Apr 6 2023, DOI 10.1111/glob.12442
  • [44] Mishra, S.; Müller, L. (2022) Resources, norms, and dropout intentions of migrant students in Germany: the role of social networks and social capital. Studies in Higher Education, 47(8), 1666-1680, DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2021.1948525 [45] Seydi, R. (2014). Türkiye’nin Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Eğitim Sorununun Çözümüne Yönelik İzlediği Politikalar.SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 31: 267-305.
  • [46] Güngör, H. ; Solsal, T. (2021). Türk Yükseköğretiminde Suriyeli Mülteciler. Milli Eğitim, 50 (1): 1245-1264.
  • [47] Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Sayısı.(URL-5). https://multeciler.org.tr/turkiyedeki-suriyeli-sayisi/#:~:text=Milli%20E%C4%9Fitim%20Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%20taraf%C4%B1ndan%20Haziran,48%20bin%20192%20oldu%C4%9Fu%20belirtilmi%C5%9Ftir. Last Accessed: 16.08.2023

Urban Preference of Higher Education Migrants in the Context of Network and Social Capital

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 589 - 604, 29.09.2023

Abstract

The mass relocation of societies for different reasons has continued throughout human history, but it was only in the late 18th century that it attracted the attention of theorists and became theoretically grounded. Migration dynamics in this period were mostly based on labor force and the reasons were explained by rural and urban dynamics. However, the fact that societies leave the lands they are accustomed to not only for a better life but also for very different reasons has become the biggest problem of recent years.
The main interest of the literature is not where migration starts but where it ends. Cities have become the geography of those who relocate for different reasons. However, the main task of city administrators is to predict who will live where with long term or short term plans. At the same time, ensuring that everyone living in urban areas has access to all services under equal conditions is among their basic duties and a fundamental right for all urban dwellers.
In recent years, the political conflict in Middle Eastern countries has begun to affect other countries as well. The chaos in the Middle East countries has also affected other countries. Starting in 2011, mass displacement has also pushed international borders.
The geography of this chaos, which is an important part of international politics, has been "cities". In Turkey, especially Southeastern Anatolian cities have suddenly faced migration flows far exceeding their capacity.
This article, which describes the networks that form the ties between migration and cities with a geography, consists of four main sections. The first part is about literature selection. The triad of migration, social network and social capital is associated with higher education. The second part is the method section, which explains the framework on which the sample selection of the study is based, the data collection tools and the techniques used in data analysis. The third section presents the findings on the demographic structure, migration processes, social capital and networks, and university preference processes of Syrian students in Siirt. Finally, in the conclusion section of the study, in the light of the findings obtained as a result of the study, the migration processes of the students are transformed into migration models and the effects of the changing social networks and capitals on university preferences are discussed.
Within the scope of this research, a survey was conducted among 120 Syrian students studying at Siirt University. The questions in the questionnaire include questions to reveal the social networks and capitals of the students, as well as questions about the processes of migration and university preferences. In this way, the effect of the social networks and capital of the surveyed students on their migration patterns and migration models were revealed and their relationship with their university preferences was constructed.

References

  • [1] Akbari, H. (2021). Explotary Social Spatial Network Analysis of Global Migration Structure. Social Networks, 64, 181-193.
  • [2] Corbett, J. (2003). Ernest George Ravenstein, The Laws of Migration, 1885. CSISS Classics. UC Santa Barbara: Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3018p230
  • [3] Day, J. (2020). The Process of Internal Migration in England and Wales, 1851-1911: Updating Ravenstein and the Step-Migration Hypothesis. Comparative Population Studies, 44, 447-496. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2020-13en
  • [4] Grigg, D. B. (1977). EG Ravenstein and the “laws of migration”. Journal of Historical Geography, 3(1),41-54.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(77)90143-8AccessAddress: https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib4/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/2584/Grigg%20on%20Ravenstein.pdf
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  • [10] Tesfai, A.; Meyer-Weitz, A.; Hynie, M.(2023). Human Rights Violations and Mistrust among Refugees in South Africa: Implications for Public Health during the COVID Pandemic Social Sciences, 12(4) MDPI DOI: 10.3390/socsci12040224.
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  • [12] Meyer, F.; Winkler, O.(2023) Place of Residence Does Matter for Educational Integration: The Relevance of Spatial Contexts for Refugees’ Transition to VET in Germany. Social Sciences, March 2023, 12(3) MDPI DOI: 10.3390/socsci12030120
  • [13] Crapolicchio, E.; Matuella, M.; Carones, G.; Marzana, D.; Regalia, C. (2023) Identity Threats and Individual, Relational, and Social Resources among Refugees in Italy. Social Sciences, March 2023, 12(3). MDPI DOI: 10.3390/socsci12030149
  • [14] Olliff, L.; Lino Lejukole, J.; Munyonge, E.; Saidi, I.; Treuren, G.J.M.; Baak, M.; Baddeley, M.. (2022). “We will start building from that”: Social capital, social networks and African migrants’ job-seeking experiences in Australia. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 57(3):725-742. John Wiley and Sons Inc. DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.205 , [15] Soehl, T.; Haren I. V. (2023) “The effect of social capital on migrant labor market success: Evidence from refugee sponsorship in Canada” Ethnic and Racial Studies,63(1), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-291X-2022-01-02
  • [16] Koburtay, T., Refai, D., & Haloub, R. (2020). The role of cultural pressures and group favouritism in shaping Syrian refugees’ identity in the Jordanian work environment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 79, 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.08.002
  • [17] Koyama, J. (2013). Resettling notions of social mobility: locating refugees as “educable” and “employable.” British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(5–6), 947-965. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2013.816033
  • [18] Kazlou, A.; Wennberg, K. (2023). How kinship resources alleviate structural disadvantage: self-employment duration among refugees and labor migrants. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 17(1), 16-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-03-2020-00254
  • [19] Tartakovsky, E.; Walsh, S.D.(2022). Positive and negative social contacts with immigrants from different groups: Investigating the role of group appraisal and opportunity for contact using network analysis. International Journal of Psychology, 57(4):511-523. John Wiley and Sons Inc DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12831.
  • [20] Noble I. (2019). Contemporary Religiosity and the Absence of Solidarity With Those in Need. Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics, 13(2), DOI 10.2478/jnmlp-2019-0010
  • [21] Çalı, B. (2017). All You Need Is Time? Discrepancies between the European Court of Human Rights Case Law and Liberal Normative Theory on Long-Term Migrants. Israel Law Review , 50(3) ,447 – 497.
  • [22] Hannafi, C.; Marouani, M. A. (2023). Social integration of Syrian refugees and their intention to stay in Germany. Journal of Population Economics, 36(2), 581-607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-022-00913-1
  • [23] Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431–466. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462.
  • [24] Massey, Douglas S., and Kristin E. Espinosa. (1997). “What’s Driving Mexico-U.S. Migration? A Theoretical, Empirical, and Policy Analysis.” American Journal of Sociology ,102 (4), 939-999. doi:10.1086/231037.
  • [25] Fisher, K.E. (2022). People First, Data Second: A Humanitarian Research Framework for Fieldwork with Refugees by War Zones. Comput Supported Coop Work, 31, 237–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-022-09425-8
  • [26] Wasserman, S. ve Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • [27] Granovetter, M.S. (1977). The strength of weak ties. Leinhardt S. (Ed.), Social networks: a developing paradigm. (pp.347-367). Academic Press, New York, pp 347–367. https ://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-44245 0-0.50025 -0
  • [28] Cheng, D., Cheng, F., Zhou, Z. ve Wu, Y. (2020). Reaching a minimum adjustment consensus in social network group decision-making. Information Fusion, 59, 30-43.
  • [29] Rahman, M., Aydin, E., Haffar, M. ve Nwagbara, U. (2020). The role of social media in e-recruitment process: Empirical evidence from developing countries in social network theory. Journal of Enterprise Information Management.
  • [30] Breiger, R. L. (1997). The Duality of Persons and Groups. In B. Wellman & S. D. Berkowitz (Eds.), Social structures: a network approach (pp. 83–98). Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
  • [31] Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-58). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  • [32] Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94(1), 95-120.
  • [33] Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • [34] Granovetter, M. (1973). “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology. 78,1360– 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/225469.
  • [35] Lin, N. (2002). Social capital: A theory of social structure and action (Vol. 19). Cambridge university press.
  • [36] Burt, R. S. (1982). Toward a Structural Theory of Action: Network Models of Social Structure, Perception, and Action. New York: Academic Press.
  • [37] Portes, A. (1998). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 1–24.
  • [38] Drever, A. I.; Hoffmeister, O. (2008). Immigrants and social networks in a job-scarce environment: The case of Germany. International Migration Review, 42, 425–448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00130.x.
  • [39] Lancee, B. (2010). The economic returns of immigrants' bonding and bridging social capital: The case of the Netherlands. International Migration Review, 44, 202–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00803.x.
  • [40] Laurence, J. (2011). The effect of ethnic diversity and community disadvantage on social cohesion: A multi-level analysis of social capital and interethnic relations in UK communities. European Sociological Review, 27, 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp057.
  • [41] Li, P. S. (2004). Social capital and economic outcomes for immigrants and ethnic minorities. Journal of International Migration and Integration,5,171–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-004-1008-8.
  • [42] Nannestad, P., Svendsen, G. L.; Svendsen, G. T. (2008). Bridge over troubled water? Migration and social capital. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34, 607–631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830801961621.
  • [43] Oral, R.; Somerville, K.; Walsworth, S. (2023) Building, negotiating and sustaining transnational social networks: Narratives of international students' migration decisions in Canada Global Networks-A Journal Of Transnational Affairs; Apr 6 2023, DOI 10.1111/glob.12442
  • [44] Mishra, S.; Müller, L. (2022) Resources, norms, and dropout intentions of migrant students in Germany: the role of social networks and social capital. Studies in Higher Education, 47(8), 1666-1680, DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2021.1948525 [45] Seydi, R. (2014). Türkiye’nin Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Eğitim Sorununun Çözümüne Yönelik İzlediği Politikalar.SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 31: 267-305.
  • [46] Güngör, H. ; Solsal, T. (2021). Türk Yükseköğretiminde Suriyeli Mülteciler. Milli Eğitim, 50 (1): 1245-1264.
  • [47] Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Sayısı.(URL-5). https://multeciler.org.tr/turkiyedeki-suriyeli-sayisi/#:~:text=Milli%20E%C4%9Fitim%20Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%20taraf%C4%B1ndan%20Haziran,48%20bin%20192%20oldu%C4%9Fu%20belirtilmi%C5%9Ftir. Last Accessed: 16.08.2023
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects City and Regional Planning
Journal Section City and Regional Planning
Authors

Eda Koçak 0000-0003-2153-0636

Demet Erol 0000-0002-1705-4297

Publication Date September 29, 2023
Submission Date September 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Koçak, E., & Erol, D. (2023). Urban Preference of Higher Education Migrants in the Context of Network and Social Capital. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 11(3), 589-604.